Texas Instruments BA II Plus Manuale utente

BA II PLUS™

Calculator

Important Information

Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or implied,

including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability

and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book

materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis. In

no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special,

collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or

arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and

exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of action,

shall not exceed the purchase price of this product. Moreover, Texas

Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever

against the use of these materials by any other party.

USA FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency

Interference

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a

Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are

designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in

a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate

radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with

the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.

However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a

particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television

reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and

on, you can try to correct the interference by one or more of the

following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from

that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for

help.

Caution: Any changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly

approved by Texas Instruments may void your authority to operate the

equipment.

Contents

iii

Important Information................................................................... ii

USA FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency Interferenceii

1 Overview of Calculator Operations..................................1

Turning On the Calculator ............................................................. 1

Turning Off the Calculator............................................................. 1

Selecting 2nd Functions ................................................................. 2

Reading the Display ....................................................................... 2

Setting Calculator Formats ........................................................... 4

Resetting the Calculator ................................................................ 6

Clearing Calculator Entries and Memories ................................... 6

Correcting Entry Errors................................................................... 7

Math Operations ............................................................................ 8

Memory Operations ..................................................................... 12

Calculations Using Constants....................................................... 13

Last Answer Feature..................................................................... 14

Using Worksheets: Tools for Financial Solutions ........................ 15

2 Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets...21

TVM and Amortization Worksheet Variables............................. 22

Entering Cash Inflows and Outflows........................................... 25

Generating an Amortization Schedule ....................................... 25

Example: Computing Basic Loan Interest.................................... 26

Examples: Computing Basic Loan Payments ............................... 27

Examples: Computing Value in Savings ...................................... 28

Example: Computing Present Value in Annuities....................... 29

Example: Computing Perpetual Annuities.................................. 30

Example: Computing Present Value of Variable Cash Flows ..... 31

Example: Computing Present Value of a Lease With Residual

Value........................................................................................ 33

Example: Computing Other Monthly Payments......................... 34

Example: Saving With Monthly Deposits.................................... 35

Example: Computing Amount to Borrow and Down Payment . 36

Example: Computing Regular Deposits for a Specified Future

Amount ................................................................................... 37

Example: Computing Payments and Generating an Amortization

Schedule .................................................................................. 38

Example: Computing Payment, Interest, and Loan Balance After

a Specified Payment ............................................................... 39

3 Cash Flow Worksheet......................................................41

Cash Flow Worksheet Variables................................................... 41

Uneven and Grouped Cash Flows................................................42

Entering Cash Flows......................................................................43

Deleting Cash Flows......................................................................43

Inserting Cash Flows .....................................................................44

Computing Cash Flows .................................................................44

Example: Solving for Unequal Cash Flows ..................................46

Example: Value of a Lease with Uneven Payments ....................48

4 Bond Worksheet ............................................................. 51

Bond Worksheet Variables ...........................................................52

Bond Worksheet Terminology .....................................................54

Entering Bond Data and Computing Results ..............................54

Example: Computing Bond Price and Accrued Interest..............56

5 Depreciation Worksheet ................................................ 57

Depreciation Worksheet Variables ..............................................57

Entering Data and Computing Results ........................................ 59

Example: Computing Straight-Line Depreciation ....................... 61

6 Statistics Worksheet ....................................................... 63

Statistics Worksheet Variables .....................................................63

Regression Models........................................................................65

Entering Statistical Data...............................................................66

Computing Statistical Results.......................................................67

7 Other Worksheets ........................................................... 69

Percent Change/Compound Interest Worksheet ........................69

Interest Conversion Worksheet....................................................72

Date Worksheet ............................................................................74

Profit Margin Worksheet .............................................................76

Breakeven Worksheet .................................................................. 78

Memory Worksheet ......................................................................80

A Appendix — Reference Information.............................. 83

Formulas........................................................................................83

Error Messages..............................................................................94

Accuracy Information ...................................................................95

AOS™ (Algebraic Operating System) Calculations .....................96

Battery Information......................................................................97

In Case of Difficulty ......................................................................98

Texas Instruments Support and Service .......................................99

Texas Instruments (TI) Warranty Information ........................... 100

Index ............................................................................... 103

Overview of Calculator Operations 1

Overview of Calculator Operations

This chapter describes the basic operation of your BA II PLUS™

calculator, including how to:

• Turn on and turn off the calculator

• Select second functions

• Read the display and set calculator formats

• Clear the calculator and correct entry errors

• Perform math and memory operations

• Use the Last Answer feature

• Use worksheets

Turning On the Calculator

Turning Off the Calculator

Press $.

• The displayed value and any error condition clear.

• Any unfinished standard-calculator operation and worksheet

calculation in progress cancel.

Press $.

• If you turned off the calculator by pressing $, the

calculator returns to the standard-calculator mode

with a displayed value of zero.

All worksheets and formats for numbers, angle units,

dates, separators, and calculation method retain

previous values and configurations.

• If the Automatic Power Down™ (APD™) feature

turned off the calculator, the calculator turns on

exactly as you left it, saving display settings, stored

memory, pending operations, and error conditions.

2 Overview of Calculator Operations

• The Constant Memory™ feature retains all worksheet values and

settings, including the contents of the 10 memories and all format

settings.

Automatic Power Down™(APD™) Feature

To prolong battery life, the Automatic Power Down (APD) feature turns

off the calculator automatically after about five minutes of inactivity.

The next time you press $, the calculator turns on exactly as you left

it, saving display settings and stored memory and any pending

operations or error conditions.

Selecting 2nd Functions

Reading the Display

The display shows the selected variable labels with values up to 10 digits.

(The calculator displays values exceeding 10 digits in scientific notation.)

The primary function of a key is printed on the key itself.

For example, the primary function of the $key is to

turn on or turn off the calculator.

Most keys include a second function printed above the key.

To select a second function, press &and the

corresponding key. (When you press &, the 2nd indicator

appears in the upper left corner of the display.)

For example, pressing & U exits the selected

worksheet and returns the calculator to the standard-

calculator mode.

Note: To cancel after pressing &, press &again.

Overview of Calculator Operations 3

The indicators along the top of the display tell you which keys are active

and offer information about the status of the calculator.

Indicator Meaning

2nd Press a key to select its second function.

INV Press a key to select its inverse trigonometric function.

HYP Press a key to select its hyperbolic function.

COMPUTE Press % to compute a value for the displayed variable.

ENTER Press !to assign the displayed value to the displayed

variable.

SET Press & V to change the setting of the displayed

variable.

#$Press "or #to display the previous or next variable in the

worksheet.

Note: To easily scroll up or down through a range of

variables, press and hold #or ".

DEL Press & W to delete a cash flow or statistical data point.

INS Press & X to insert a cash flow or statistical data point.

BGN TVM calculations use beginning-of-period payments. When

BGN is not displayed, TVM calculations use end-of-period

payments (END).

RAD Angle values appear in radians. When RAD is not displayed,

angle values appear and must be entered in degrees.

The displayed value is entered in the selected worksheet.

The indicator clears following a computation.

The displayed value is computed in the selected worksheet.

When a value changes and invalidates a computed value,

the_indicator clears.

=The displayed variable is assigned the displayed value.

– The displayed value is negative.

4 Overview of Calculator Operations

Setting Calculator Formats

1. To access format options, press & |. The DEC indicator

appears with the selected number of decimal places.

2. To change the number of decimal places displayed, key in a value

and press !.

3. To access another calculator format, press #or "once for each

format.

For example, to access the angle unit format, press #. To access the

number-separator format, press "" "or # # #.

4. To change the selected format, press & V.

5. To change another calculator format, repeat step 3 and step 4.

— or —

To return to the standard-calculator mode, press & U.

— or —

To access a worksheet, press a worksheet key or key sequence.

Choosing the Number of Decimal Places Displayed

The calculator stores numeric values internally to an accuracy of 13 digits,

but you can specify the number of decimal places you want to display.

The calculator displays up to 10 digits with the floating-decimal option.

Results exceeding 10 digits appear in scientific notation.

You can change these calculator formats:

To Select Press Display Default

Number of

decimal

places

& | DEC 0–9 (Press 9 for

floating-decimal)

Angle units #DEG (degrees)

RAD (radians)

DEG

Dates #US (mm-dd-yyyy)

Eur (dd-mm-yyyy)

Number

separators

#US (1,000.00 )

Eur (1.000,00)

Calculation

method

#Chn (chain)

AOSé (algebraic

operating system)

Chn

Overview of Calculator Operations 5

Changing the number of decimal places affects the display only. Except

for amortization and depreciation results, the calculator does not round

internal values. To round the internal value, use the round function.

Note: All examples in this guidebook assume a setting of two decimal

places. Other settings might show different results.

Choosing the Angle Units

The angle unit value affects the display of results in trigonometric

calculations. When you select radians, the RAD indicator appears in the

upper right corner of the display. No indicator appears when you select

the default setting of degrees.

Using Dates

The calculator uses dates with the Bond and Date worksheets and the

French depreciation methods. To enter dates, use this convention:

mm.ddyy (US) or dd.mmyy (European). After you key in the date, press

Choosing Calculation Methods

When you choose the chain (Chn) calculation method, the calculator

solves problems in the order that you enter them. (Most financial

calculators use Chn.)

For example, when you enter 3 H2 <4 N, the Chn answer is 20 (3 + 2 = 5,

5 * 4 = 20).

Using AOSé(algebraic operating system), the calculator solves problems

according to the standard rules of algebraic hierarchy, computing

multiplication and division operations before addition and subtraction

operations. (Most scientific calculators use AOS.)

For example, when you enter 3 H2 <4 N, the AOS answer is 11 (2 Q4 =

8; 3 + 8 = 11).

Resetting Default Values

To reset default values for all of the calculator formats, press &

z with one of the formats displayed.

6 Overview of Calculator Operations

Resetting the Calculator

Because the calculator includes alternative methods that let you clear

data selectively, use reset carefully to avoid losing data needlessly. (See

“Clearing Calculator Entries and Memories” on page 6.)

For example, you might reset the calculator before using it for the first

time, when starting a new calculation, or when having difficulty

operating the calculator and other possible solutions do not work. (See

“In Case of Difficulty” on page 98.)

Pressing &} !

1. Press &}. The RST ? and ENTER indicators appear.

Note: To cancel reset, press &U. 0.00 appears.

2. Press !. RST and 0.00 appear, confirming that the calculator is

reset.

Note: If an error condition exists, press Pto clear the display before

attempting to reset.

Performing a Hard Reset

You can also reset the calculator by gently inserting a pointed object

(such as an unfolded paper clip or similar object) in the hole marked

RESET in back of the calculator.

Clearing Calculator Entries and Memories

Note: To clear variables selectively, see the specific worksheet chapters in

this guidebook.

Resetting the calculator:

• Clears the display, all 10 memories, any unfinished

calculations, and all worksheet data.

• Restores all default settings

• Returns operation to the standard-calculator mode

To clear Press

One character at a time, starting with the last digit

keyed in

An incorrect entry, error condition, or error

message

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