Texas Instruments TI-83 - Plus Graphing Calculator Guida rapida

Note 0A • Fractions

Your calculator will convert a decimal number to a fraction. Enter the decimal

number and press (



Frac) .This is the “convert to fraction”

command. If the number is a repeating decimal number, be sure to enter about

fifteen digits of the pattern. If the calculator can’t find a fraction with a

denominator of less than five digits, it will display your original decimal number.

The division sign and the fraction bar are the same key on this calculator. The

key shows ÷; the screen shows /. To work with simple fractions like



and

improper fractions like



,simply enter them into your calculator using the

key. To see the answer displayed as a fraction, you must use the “convert

to fraction” command from the math menu.

The calculator will reduce, add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions. Often

you don’t need to use parentheses around a fraction, but when in doubt, put in

the parentheses.

Working with Mixed Numbers

When working with mixed numbers like 11



,you must insert an addition sign

between the whole number and the fraction.

To co nver t an improper fraction to a mixed number, first subtract the

whole-number part of the decimal number, then enter the “convert to

fraction” command.

Note 0B • Exponents

There are several ways to raise a number to a power by using the calculator. The

simplest way to square a number (raise it to the second power) is to use the

key. Enter the number you want to square and then press . When you press

, the calculator will multiply the number by itself. You can calculate x3by

ENTER



ENTER1MATH

CHAPTER 0 Calculator Notes for the TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

(continued)

DA2CN_773_00.qxd 10/19/05 9:51 Page 1

Note 0B • Exponents (continued) TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

entering a number and then pressing . For all powers (including

the second and third powers if you wish), you can use the key.

Order of operations requires that you do all operations within parentheses

first, evaluate all powers second, multiply and divide from left to right third,

and add and subtract from left to right last.

Note 0C • Negation and Subtraction

Negation and subtraction are each performed with a different key on this

calculator. Negation, the key, changes the sign of a number or a variable.

It is slightly higher and shorter than the subtraction symbol. If you enter

the wrong symbol, you will either get an error message, or you will get an

unexpected result.

In the order of operations, negation is treated like “multiply by negative one,”

so it is performed before addition and subtraction but after evaluation of

powers. Sometimes you may need to use parentheses to get the correct result.

Note 0D • Recursion

The ANS command on the calculator will allow you to use the result of your last

calculation in your next calculation. If you press without pressing

another key, the calculator will repeat the last operation on the previous result.

ENTER

()

ENTER3

MATH

(continued)

DA2CN_773_00.qxd 10/19/05 9:51 Page 2

Combining these two features allows you to perform on-screen recursion,

calculating a new number by repeating the operation using the result of the

previous calculation. You can create patterns of numbers (sequences) using the

following procedure:

a. Enter the starting number of your sequence and press .

b. Enter an expression using Ans. You can get Ans by pressing any of the

operation keys,such as , ,,,,,orbypressing [ANS].

c. Press and so on. Each time you press , you will

get one more term in the sequence.

Note 0E • The Chaos Game

To play the Chaos game, follow these steps:

a. Link or manually enter the program into your calculator. (See Note 0F

and Note 0G.).

b. Press and make sure the word EXEC is highlighted. Find the

program labeled CHAOS.Press its number or use the down arrow

to select the program and press . To execute the program

press again.

c. You are asked to choose a Chaos shape. Press the appropriate number

or arrow down and press to select the shape.

d. You are then asked to enter a fraction between 0 and 1. You can enter

this value either as a fraction or a decimal number. Press .

e. The calculator will plot 1000 points by following the Chaos rules to

plot a fractal. When the program is done, press .

f. Follow the directions to replay or to quit.

ENTER

PRGM

ENTER

ENTERENTER

2nd



ENTER

Note 0D • Recursion (continued) TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

(continued)

DA2CN_773_00.qxd 10/19/05 9:51 Page 3

Note 0E • The Chaos Game (continued) TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

PROGRAM:CHAOS

ClrHome

Menu("CHAOS SHAPES","RIGHT

TRIANGLE",1,"EQUILATERAL

TR",2,"RANDOM TRI",3,

"SQUARE",4,"PENTAGON",5,"HEXAGON",

6,"QUIT",8)

Lbl 1

Disp " RIGHT TRIANGLE"

{.05,.95,.05}

L⁄

{.05,.05,.65}

L¤

Goto 7

Lbl 2

Disp "EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE"

{.05,.95,.5}

L⁄

{.05,.05,.65}

L¤

Goto 7

Lbl 3

Disp "RANDOM TRIANGLE"

{rand ,rand ,rand }

L⁄

.7{rand ,rand ,rand }

L¤

Goto 7

Lbl 4

Disp " SQUARE"

{.2,.8,.8,.2}

L⁄

{.05,.05,.65,.65}

L¤

Goto 7

Lbl 5

Disp " PENTAGON"

.5+.35sin(({0,1,2,3,4}72°)

L⁄

.35+.35cos(({0,1,2,3,4}72°)

L¤

Goto 7

Lbl 6

(continued)

Note 0F • Linking Programs or Lists

To transfer a program or list from one calculator to another, follow these steps:

a. Connect two calculators using a link cable. Be sure that the connection

is tight on each unit.

b. Turn on both calculators and on each one press [LINK].

c. On the receiving calculator, arrow to the right to RECEIVE and press

so that the calculator displays Waiting....

d. On the sending calculator, select 2:All–....To link a program, arrow

down to the name of the program you want to send. To link data,

arrow down to the list you want to send.

e. Press to select a program or list. (You can select more than one

program and/or list and send them simultaneously. Just continue to

arrow down and press at each program or list you want to

transfer.) Then arrow right to TRANSMIT and press .

ENTER

2nd

Disp " HEXAGON"

.5+.35sin(({0,1,2,3,4,5}60°)

L⁄

.35+.35cos(({0,1,2,3,4,5}60°)

L¤

Lbl 7

ClrDraw:FnOff

PlotsOff

Xmin:1

Xmax

Ymin:.7

Ymax

Plot1(Scatter,L⁄,L¤,’)

L¤(1)

X:L¤(1)

dim((L⁄)

Disp ""," ENTER A"

Disp " FRACTION"

Disp "BETWEEN 0 AND 1."

Input "F=",F

For(J,1,1000)

(int(Nrand+1)

X+(L⁄(P)-X)F

Y+(L¤(P)-Y)F

Pt-On(X,Y)

End

Text(0,84,"P E")

Text(6,84,"R N")

Text(12,84,"E T")

Text(18,84,"S E")

Text(24,84,"S R")

Pause

Lbl 8

PlotsOff

Disp " PRESS ENTER",

"TO REPLAY","","

PRESS"," 1 AND ENTER",

"TO QUIT"

DA2CN_773_00.qxd 10/19/05 15:13 Page 4

Note 0F • Linking Programs or Lists (continued) TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

(continued)

f. When the transfer is complete the name of the program or list transferred

will show on the screens of both the sending and receiving calculators.

Errors

If you get Error in Xmit,check that the link cable is pushed

all the way into each calculator and try again. Remember

that after you arrow to the program or list you want to

send, you must press to select it before you

arrow to TRANSMIT.The receiving calculator must show

Waiting... before the sending calculator transmits. If the

receiving calculator already has a program or list by the

same name as the one you are sending, the receiving calculator will show a

DuplicateName menu. Select 1:Rename or 2:Overwrite from this menu. If you choose

to rename, you must enter a new program name. (See Note 0G, step b.)

Note 0G • Entering a Program

Your calculator is like a small computer. You can instruct (or program) it to

do calculations or to communicate with other devices. What follows are not

instructions on how to write a program—they are instructions on how to enter

into your calculator a program that has already been written. You must be very

careful to enter the commands exactly as they are written. Changing the

program in any way will alter how it runs or may cause an error.

There are three ways to enter a program into your calculator. Two easy ways are

to download the program from either a computer or another calculator. To use

a computer, download the program from a CD-ROM or website directly into

your calculator by using TI Connect™ software. You will need the proper cable

to link your computer to your calculator. To use another calculator that has the

program in its memory, link the two calculators with a link cable and transfer

the program. (See Note 0F.) The third way is to enter a program manually by

following the steps below:

a. Press and arrow to

NEW.

PRGM

ENTER

DA2CN_773_00.qxd 10/19/05 9:51 Page 5

Note 0G • Entering a Program (continued) TI-83 and TI-83/84 Plus

b. Press and enter the name of the program. You are already in

Alpha-Lock so do not press unless you want to enter a number

into the program’s name.

c. Enter the program exactly as you see it. Lowercase letters in the

commands of the program indicate that you must find this command

on the calculator. You can find many programming commands by

pressing and looking under CTL and I/O.To find other

commands, functions, and symbols, either look in the menu of the

appropriate calculator key, or press [CATALOG] and enter the letter

that begins the command you want. (You are in still in alpha mode so

don’t press .) Then arrow to the command and press .

If you enter a command from the calculator keypad using

characters, the letters will all be uppercase. The command won’t look

the same as how it’s been written and it won’t work.

d. Use [INS] to insert a new line between two lines. Use on

a blank line to delete that line.

e. Press [QUIT] when you finish entering the program.

Errors

You can edit the program if there is an error or if you need to make a change.

a. Press and arrow to

EDIT.Arrow down to the program and

press .

b. Scroll down through the program to find the error. Studying the entire

program on paper is often easier than working from the calculator

screen where you can only see a small portion at one time. Use [INS]

or as needed to make changes. Press [QUIT] when finished.

c. If,when you execute a program, you get an error message that has a

Goto option, choose this option. The calculator will automatically

switch to EDIT mode and scroll to the line with the error. Then proceed

as in step c.

Note 0H • Generating Random Integers

You can generate random integers within an interval using the randInt command.

Press , arrow to PRB,and select 5:randInt( to access the randInt command.

To randomly generate integers between 1 and 3 inclusive, enter randInt(1,3).

Pressing will generate as many of these integers as you like.

To randomly generate a particular number of integers in an interval, for

example, four integers between 1 and 3, enter randInt(1,3,4).

ENTER

MATH

2ndDEL

2nd

ENTER

PRGM

2nd

DEL

ENTER2nd

ALPHA

ENTERALPHA

2nd

PRGM

ALPHA

ENTER

DA2CN_773_00.qxd 10/19/05 9:51 Page 6

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