Texas Instruments TI-86 - ViewScreen Calculator Manuale

TI-86 Financial Functions

Loading and Installing Finance Features on Your TI-86...............................2

Loading the Finance Features into TI-86 Memory..............................................................................2

Installing the Finance Features for Use...............................................................................................2

Displaying the FIN (Finance) Menu.....................................................................................................3

The FIN Menu.....................................................................................................................................3

Uninstalling the Finance Features.......................................................................................................3

Deleting the Finance Program from TI-86 Memory ............................................................................ 3

The TVM (Time-Value-of-Money) Variables................................................... 4

FIN VARS (Finance Variables) Menu...................................................................................................4

Setting the Payment Format........................................................................... 4

Payment Format Editor.......................................................................................................................4

Entering Cash Inflows and Cash Outflows..........................................................................................4

Using the TVM (Time-Value-of-Money) Solver..............................................5

FIN TVM Solver Menu.........................................................................................................................5

Solving for an Unknown TVM Variable (Payment Amount)................................................................5

Financing a Car...................................................................................................................................6

Computing Compound Interest...........................................................................................................6

Using the Financial Functions..........................................................................7

Entering Cash Inflows and Cash Outflows..........................................................................................7

FIN FUNC (Financial Functions) Menu................................................................................................7

Calculating Time-Value-of-Money......................................................................................................7

Calculating Cash Flows....................................................................................................................... 8

Calculating Amortization....................................................................................................................9

Amortization Example: Calculating an Outstanding Loan Balance...................................................10

Calculating Interest Conversion........................................................................................................11

Finding Days Between Dates............................................................................................................11

Defining the Payment Method..........................................................................................................11

Menu Map for Financial Functions ...............................................................12

MATH Menu (where FIN is automatically placed).............................................................................12

(MATH) FIN (Financial) Menu........................................................................................................... 12

FIN TVM (Time-Value-of-Money) Solver Menu.................................................................................12

FIN FUNC (Financial Functions) Menu..............................................................................................12

FIN VARS (Financial Variables) Menu...............................................................................................12

FIN FORMT (Financial Format) Menu................................................................................................12

Assembly Language Programming: Financial Functions

Loading and Installing Finance Features on Your TI-86

To load the financial features onto your TI-86, you need a computer and the TI-86

Graph Link software and cable. You also need to download the finance program

file from the Internet and save it on your computer.

Loading the Finance Features into TI-86 Memory

1 Start the TI-86 Graph Link on

your computer.

(WLink86.exe)

2 Turn on your TI-86 and display

the home screen.

-l

3 Click on the Send button on the

TI-86 Graph Link toolbar to

display the Send dialog box.

4 Specify the finance program file

as the file you want to send.

finance1.86g

5 Send the program to the TI-86.

The program and its associated

executable file become items on

the PRGM NAMES menu.

6 Exit Graph Link

Installing the Finance Features for Use

Use the assembly language program Finance to install the finance features directly

into the TI-86’s built-in functions and menus. After installation, the finance

features are available each time you turn on the calculator. You do not need to

reinstall them each time. When you run assembly language programs that do not

install themselves into the -Œ/menu, their features are lost when you

turn off the calculator.

All examples assume that Finance is the only assembly language program installed

on your TI-86. The position of FIN on the MATH menu may vary, depending on how

many other assembly language programs are installed.

1 Select Asm( from the CATALOG

to paste it to a blank line on the

home screen.

2 Select Financ from the PRGM

NAMES menu to paste Finance

to the home screen as an

argument.

-w&

#(move 4to

Asm( ) b

8&(select

Financ) E

3 Run the installation program.

Caution: If you have values

stored to variables used by the

finance features, they will be

overwritten. To save your

values, press *to exit and then

store them to different variables.

Then repeat this installation.

When sending a program

from your computer to the

TI-86, the calculator must no

be in Receive mode. The

Receive mode is used when

sending programs or data

from one calculator to

another.

The executable file

associated with the assembly

language program (

finexe

)

appears on the

PRGM

NAMES

menu, but you need

not do anything with it.

For assembly language

programs that must be

installed, up to three can be

installed at a time (although

the TI-86 can store as many

as permitted by memory). To

install a fourth, you must first

uninstall (page 3) one of the

others.

The variables that will be

overwritten are listed on the

FIN FUNC

and

FIN VARS

menus (page 12).

Assembly Language Programming: Financial Functions

4 Continue the installation. (Your

version number may differ from

the one shown in the example.)

5 Display the home screen. :

Displaying the FIN (Finance) Menu -Œ/

When you install the financial program on your TI-86 and activate it, FIN becomes

the last item on the MATH menu.

NUM PROB ANGLE HYP MISC 4INTER FIN

Finance Menu

The FIN Menu -Œ/'

TVM FUNC VARS FORMT Uninst

TVM Finance Uninstall

Solver Variables Menu Instruction

Financial Payment

Functions Menu Format Editor

Uninstalling the Finance Features

1 Display the FIN menu, and then

select Uninst.

-Œ/'

2 If you are sure you want to

uninstall, select Yes from the

confirmation menu. The FIN

menu is removed and the home

screen is displayed. (Your

version number may differ from

the one shown in the example.)

)

Deleting the Finance Program from TI-86 Memory

1 Select DELET from the MEM

menu.

-™'

2 Select PRGM from the MEM

DELET menu.

3 Move the selection cursor to

Finance, and then delete it.

#(as needed)

4 Move the selection cursor to

finexec, and then delete it.

#(as needed)

If other assembly language

programs are installed,

FIN

may be in a menu cell other

than

-Œ/'

When you uninstall the

finance features, the finance

assembly language program

(

Finance

and

finexec

) remain

in memory, but the

FIN

optio

is removed from the

MATH

menu.

Deleting the program does

not delete the variables

associated with the program.

Assembly Language Programming: Financial Functions

The TVM (Time-Value-of-Money) Variables

FIN VARS (Finance Variables) Menu -Œ/'(

TVM FUNC VARS FORMT Uninst

çI PV PMT FV 4PY CY

NNumber of payment periods FV Future value of loan or lease

IInterest rate (I%=)PY Payments per year (P/Y=)

PV Present value of loan or lease CY Compounding periods per year(C/Y=)

PMT Payment amount

♦ When you enter a value at prompts in the payment format editor (page 4) or

the TVM Solver (page 5), the corresponding variable values are updated.

♦ When you solve for a TVM variable using the TVM Solver, the corresponding

variable value is updated.

♦ When you enter numbers as arguments for a TVM function, the corresponding

variable values are not updated.

♦ When you solve for a TVM variable using a TVM function, the corresponding

variable value is not updated.

Setting the Payment Format

Payment Format Editor -Œ/')

TVM FUNC VARS FORMT Uninst

The payment format settings define the number

of payments per year (P/Y), the number of

compounding periods per year (C/Y), and

whether the payments are received at the end or

beginning of each period (PMT:END BEGIN).

The payment format editor to the right shows

the defaults. To change payments per year or compounding periods per year, enter a

new value. To change the payment due setting, move the cursor onto END or BEGIN,

and then press b.

Entering Cash Inflows and Cash Outflows

When using the financial functions, you must enter cash inflows (cash received) as

positive numbers and cash outflows (cash paid) as negative numbers. The financial

functions follow this convention when computing and displaying answers.

Prompts that correspond to

some TVM variables are

shown in parentheses.

You also can change a

setting by storing a value to

or by executing

pEnd

pBegin

(page 11).

Assembly Language Programming: Financial Functions

Using the TVM (Time-Value-of-Money) Solver

FIN TVM Solver Menu -Œ/'&

TVM FUNC VARS FORMT SOLVE

The TVM Solver displays prompts for the five

time-value-of-money (TVM) variables.

To solve for an unknown variable, enter the four

known variable values, move the cursor to the

unknown variable prompt, and then select SOLVE

(*) from the FIN TVM Solver menu. Values

displayed on the TVM Solver are stored to corresponding TVM variables.

Solving for an Unknown TVM Variable (Payment Amount)

You want to buy a $100,000 house with a 30-year mortgage. If the annual

percentage rate (APR) is 18%, what are the monthly payments?

1 Set the fixed-decimal mode to 2

decimal places to display all

numbers as dollars and cents.

-m#

"""b

2 Select FIN from the MATH menu

to display the FIN menu.

-Œ/'

3 Select FORMT from the FIN

menu to display the payment

format editor. Set 12 payments

per year, 12 compounding

periods per year, and payments

received at the end of each

payment period.

)12 #12 #

4 Display the TVM Solver and

enter the known values for four

TVM variables. The Nvalue of

360 was derived from 30 (years)

M12 (months).

&360 #18 #

100000 ##0

5 Move the cursor to the PMT

TVM variable.

6 Select SOLVE to compute the

answer. A small square is

displayed next to the solution

variable. The answer is stored to

the corresponding TVM variable.

When the TVM Solver is

displayed,

SOLVE

replaces

Uninst

on the

FIN

menu.

Enter cash inflows as positiv

numbers and cash outflows

as negative numbers.

You cannot leave a variable

blank. If you do not have a

value, set it to zero.

Assembly Language Programming: Financial Functions

Financing a Car

You have found a car you would like to buy. The car costs $9,000. You can afford

payments of $250 per month for four years. What annual percentage rate (APR)

will make it possible for you to afford the car?

1 Set the fixed-decimal mode to 2

decimal places to display all

numbers as dollars and cents.

-m#

"""b

2 Display the payment format

editor. Set payments per year

and compounding periods per

year to 12. Set payment due at

the end of each period.

-Œ/'

)12 ##b

3 Display the TVM Solver. Enter

48 monthly payments, present

value of $9,000, payment amount

of L$250 (negation indicates

cash outflow), and future value

of $0. The Nvalue (48) was

derived from 4 (years) M

12 (months).

&48 ##9000

#a250 #0

4 Move the cursor to æ=(interest

rate) and then select SOLVE

from the TVM Solver menu. A

small square is displayed next to

the solution. The solution value

is stored to the TVM variable I.

$$$*

Computing Compound Interest

At what annual interest rate, compounded monthly, will $1,250 accumulate to

$2,000 in 7 years?

1 Display the payment format

editor. Set payments per year to

1 and compounding periods per

year to 12. Set payment due at

the end of each period.

-Œ/'

)1#12 #

2 Display the TVM Solver. Enter 7

annual payments, present value

of L$1,250 (negation indicates

cash outflow), payment amount

of $0, and future value of $2,000.

&7##a1250

#0#2000 b

3 Move the cursor to æ=(interest

rate) and then select SOLVE

from the TVM Solver menu. A

small square is displayed next to

the solution. The solution value

is stored to the TVM variable I.

$$$*

When you change

P/Y

C/Y

changes automatically.

As you enter a value at any

TVM Solver prompt, the

corresponding TVM variable

value is updated.

Because there are no

payments when you solve

compound interest problems,

you must set

PMT

and

set

P/Y

The decimal mode is fixed at

from the previous example.

Assembly Language Programming: Financial Functions

Using the Financial Functions

Entering Cash Inflows and Cash Outflows

When using the financial functions, you must enter cash inflows (cash received) as

positive numbers and cash outflows (cash paid) as negative numbers. The financial

functions follow this convention when computing and displaying answers.

FIN FUNC (Financial Functions) Menu -Œ/'

TVM FUNC VARS FORMT Uninst

tvmN tvmI tvmPV tvmP tvmFV 4npv irr bal Gprn Gint

4nom eff dbd pBegin pEnd

Calculating Time-Value-of-Money

The first five items on the FIN FUNC menu are the time-value-of-money (TVM)

functions. You can use them to analyze financial instruments, such as annuities,

loans, mortgages, leases, and savings, on the home screen or in a program.

tvmN [(

,PV,PMT,FV,P/Y,C/Y)] Computes the number of payment periods

tvmI[(N,PV,PMT,FV,P/Y,C/Y)] Computes the annual interest rate

tvmPV [(N,

,PMT,FV,P/Y,C/Y)] Computes the present value

tvmP [(N,

,PV,FV,P/Y,C/Y)] Computes the amount of each payment

tvmFV [(N,

,PV,PMT,P/Y,C/Y)] Computes the future value

Each TVM function takes zero to six arguments. Each argument must be a real

number or a TVM variable. The values that you specify as arguments for these

functions are not stored to the TVM variables.

If you enter less than six arguments, you must enter arguments in the order of the

syntax, up to the last argument you want to enter. The program substitutes a

previously stored TVM variable value for each subsequent unspecified argument.

If you enter any arguments with a TVM function, you must place the argument or

arguments in parentheses. The following examples show some ways to use the

TVM functions.

All arguments and

punctuation inside the

[

]

brackets are optional.

To store a value to a TVM

variable, use the TVM Solver

or use

and any TVM

variable on the

FIN

VARS

menu.

Assembly Language Programming: Financial Functions

Assume these values are stored to the TVM variables in the payment format editor and TVM Solver.

When you execute a TVM

function on the home screen

with no specified arguments,

the TVM function (

tvmPMT

the example) uses stored TVM

variable values.

To change an argument without

changing the value stored to a

TVM variable, enter arguments

up to the argument you want to

change. In the example, the

interest rate is changed to

9.5

You can enter arguments

directly on the home screen.

Remember, neither the answer

nor the arguments are stored to

the TVM variables.

To store an answer to the

appropriate TVM variable, use

and the

FIN VARS

menu.

If you prefer, you can store

values to the TVM variables on

the home screen. When you execute a TVM

function (

tvmPV

in the

example), it uses the newly

stored TVM variable values.

Calculating Cash Flows

The next FIN FUNC menu items are cash flow functions. Use them to analyze the

value of money over equal time periods. You can enter unequal cash flows. You

can enter cash inflows or outflows.

npv(interestRate,cashFlow0,

cashFlowList[,cashFlowFrequency])Returns the sum of the present values for the

cash inflows and outflows

irr(cashFlow0,cashFlowList

[,cashFlowFrequency])Returns the interest rate at which the net

present value of the cash flows is equal to 0

♦ interestRate is the rate by which to discount the cash flows (the cost of

money) over one period.

♦ cashFlow0 is the initial cash flow at time 0; it must be a real number.

♦ cashFlowList is a list of cash flow amounts after the initial cash flow cashFlow0.

♦ cashFlowFrequency is a list in which each element specifies the frequency of

occurrence for a grouped (consecutive) cash flow amount, which is the

corresponding element of cashFlowList. The default is 1; if you enter values,

they must be positive integers <10,000.

Assembly Language Programming: Financial Functions

The uneven cash flow below is expressed in lists. cashFlowFrequency indicates

that the first element in cashFlowList (2000) occurs twice (2), the second element

(L3000) occurs once (1), and the third element (4000) occurs twice (2).

cashFlow0 = 2000

cashFlowList = {2000,L3000,4000}

cashFlowFrequency = {2,1,2}

I% = 6

cashFlow0 = L2000

cashFlowList = {L2000,1000, L2500,0,5000,3000}

cashFlowFrequency = N/A

Calculating Amortization

Items eight, nine, and ten are the amortization functions. Use them to calculate

balance, sum of principal, and sum of interest for an amortization schedule.

bal(nPayment[,roundValue])Computes the balance for an amortization schedule;

nPayment (the number of the payment at which to

calculate a balance) must be a positive integer

<10,000

GPrn(paymentA,paymentB

[,roundValue])Computes the sum of the principal during a specified

period for an amortization schedule; paymentA (the

starting payment) and paymentB (the ending

payment in the range) must be positive integers

<10,000

GInt(paymentA,paymentB

[,roundValue])Computes the sum of the interest during a specified

period for an amortization schedule; paymentA (the

starting payment) and paymentB (the ending

payment in the range) must be positive integers

<10,000

roundValue

specifies the

internal precision used to

calculate the balance.

effectiveRate

nominalRate

and

compoundingPeriods

must be real numbers;

compoundingPeriods

must

be > 0.

bal(

GPrn(

, and

GInt(

use

stored values for

, and

PMT

. You must store values

to these variables before

computing the principal.

2000 2000 2000 4000 4000

L3000

CF0CF1CF2CF3CF4CF5

L2000 L2000

1000 5000 3000

L2500

CF0CF1CF2CF3CF4CF5

CF6

Assembly Language Programming: Financial Functions

Amortization Example: Calculating an Outstanding Loan Balance

You want to buy a home with a 30-year mortgage at 8 percent annual percentage

rate (APR). Monthly payments are $800. Calculate the outstanding loan balance

after each payment and display the results in a graph and in the table.

1 Display the mode screen and set

the fixed-decimal setting to 2, as

in dollars and cents. Also, set

Param graphing mode.

-m#

"""b

###""

2 Display the payment format

editor, and then set payments

and compounding periods per

year to 12, to be received at the

end of each period.

-Œ/'

)12 ##b

3 Display the TVM Solver, and

then enter the known TVM

variable values:

N=360 PMT=L800

I=8 FV=0

&360 #8##

a800 #0b

4 Move the cursor to the PV=

prompt and solve for the present

value of the loan. A small square

specifies the solution.

$$*

5 Display the parametric equation

editor. Turn off all stat plots.

6 Define xt1 as tand yt1 as bal(t).

6&(if a plot

is on, press $, "

to highlight it, and

b; then #)

&#-Œ

/''/

(-&E

7 Display the window variable

editor, and then enter these

window variable values as

shown.

6'0#360

#12 #0#360

#50 #0#

125000 #10000

8 Draw the graph and activate the

trace cursor. Explore the graph

of the outstanding balance over

time.

)

9 Enter a value for tto view the

balance at a specific time.

24 b

A stat plot is turned on if it is

highlighted with a box.

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