VMware 4817V62 - vSphere - PC Manuale di istruzioni
vSphere Basic System Administration
vCenter Server 4.0
ESX 4.0
ESXi 4.0
This document supports the version of each product listed and
supports all subsequent versions until the document is replaced
by a new edition. To check for more recent editions of this
document, see http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs.
EN-000105-08
vSphere Basic System Administration
2 VMware, Inc.
You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at:
http://www.vmware.com/support/
The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates.
If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to:
Copyright ©2009–2011 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. This product is protected by U.S. and international copyright and
intellectual property laws. VMware products are covered by one or more patents listed at
http://www.vmware.com/go/patents.
VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks
and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.
VMware, Inc.
3401 Hillview Ave.
Palo Alto, CA 94304
www.vmware.com
Contents
Updated Information 9
About This Book 11
Getting Started
1vSphere Components 15
Components of vSphere 15
vSphere Client Interfaces 17
Functional Components 17
Managed Components 19
Access Privileges Components 21
vCenter Server Modules 21
vCenter Components That Require Tomcat 22
Optional vCenter Server Components 22
2Starting and Stopping the vSphere Components 25
Start an ESX/ESXi Host 25
Reboot or Shut Down an ESX/ESXi Host 25
Stop an ESX Host Manually 26
Starting vCenter Server 26
Start the vSphere Client and Log In 27
Stop the vSphere Client and Log Out 28
vSphere Web Access 28
VMware Service Console 29
3Using vCenter Server in Linked Mode 31
Linked Mode Prerequisites 31
Linked Mode Considerations 32
Join a Linked Mode Group After Installation 32
Reconciling Roles When Connecting vCenter Server to a Linked Mode Group 33
Isolate a vCenter Server Instance from a Linked Mode Group 34
Change the Domain of a vCenter Server System in a Linked Mode Group 34
Configure the URLs on a Linked Mode vCenter Server System 34
Linked Mode Troubleshooting 35
Monitor vCenter Server Services 37
4Using the vSphere Client 39
Getting Started Tabs 40
Status Bar, Recent Tasks, and Triggered Alarms 40
Panel Sections 40
VMware, Inc. 3
View Virtual Machine Console 41
Searching the vSphere Inventory 41
Using Lists 42
Custom Attributes 43
Select Objects 44
Manage vCenter Server Plug-Ins 45
Save vSphere Client Data 46
5Configuring Hosts and vCenter Server 47
Host Configuration 47
Configuring vCenter Server 48
Access the vCenter Server Settings 48
Configuring Communication Among ESX, vCenter Server, and the vSphere Client 49
Configure vCenter Server SMTP Mail Settings 49
Working with Active Sessions 49
SNMP and vSphere 50
System Log Files 65
6Managing the vSphere Client Inventory 71
Understanding vSphere Client Objects 71
Add an Inventory Object 73
Moving Objects in the Inventory 74
Remove an Inventory Object 74
Browsing Datastores in the vSphere Client Inventory 75
7Managing Hosts in vCenter Server 77
About Hosts 77
Add a Host 78
Completing the Add Host Process 79
Disconnecting and Reconnecting a Host 80
Remove a Host from a Cluster 81
Understanding Managed Host Removal 81
Remove a Managed Host from vCenter Server 82
Monitoring Host Health Status 83
Virtual Machine Management
8Consolidating the Datacenter 87
Consolidation First Time Use 88
Consolidation Prerequisites 88
About Consolidation Services 91
Configuring Consolidation Settings 91
Find and Analyze Physical Systems 92
Viewing Analysis Results 93
Converting Physical Systems to Virtual Machines 93
Viewing Consolidation Tasks 94
Troubleshooting Consolidation 95
vSphere Basic System Administration
4 VMware, Inc.
9Deploying OVF Templates 99
About OVF 99
Deploy an OVF Template 99
Browse VMware Virtual Appliance Marketplace 101
Export an OVF Template 101
10 Managing VMware vApp 103
Create a vApp 103
Populate the vApp 105
Edit vApp Settings 106
Configuring IP Pools 109
Clone a vApp 111
Power On a vApp 111
Power Off a vApp 112
Edit vApp Annotation 112
11 Creating Virtual Machines 113
Access the New Virtual Machine Wizard 113
Select a Path Through the New Virtual Machine Wizard 114
Enter a Name and Location 114
Select a Resource Pool 114
Select a Datastore 115
Select a Virtual Machine Version 115
Select an Operating System 115
Select the Number of Virtual Processors 115
Configure Virtual Memory 116
Configure Networks 116
About VMware Paravirtual SCSI Adapters 116
Select a SCSI Adapter 117
Selecting a Virtual Disk Type 117
Complete Virtual Machine Creation 120
Installing a Guest Operating System 120
Installing and Upgrading VMware Tools 120
12 Managing Virtual Machines 133
Changing Virtual Machine Power States 134
Adding and Removing Virtual Machines 137
Configure Virtual Machine Startup and Shutdown Behavior 138
13 Virtual Machine Configuration 141
Virtual Machine Hardware Versions 141
Virtual Machine Properties Editor 142
Adding New Hardware 156
Converting Virtual Disks from Thin to Thick 163
14 Working with Templates and Clones 165
Creating Templates 165
Contents
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Edit a Template 167
Change Template Name 168
Deploy Virtual Machines from Templates 168
Convert Templates to Virtual Machines 169
Deleting Templates 169
Regain Templates 170
Clone Virtual Machines 170
Create a Scheduled Task to Clone a Virtual Machine 171
15 Customizing Guest Operating Systems 173
Preparing for Guest Customization 173
Customize Windows During Cloning or Deployment 175
Customize Linux During Cloning or Deployment 176
Create a Customization Specification for Linux 177
Create a Customization Specification for Windows 177
Managing Customization Specification 179
Completing a Guest Operating System Customization 180
16 Migrating Virtual Machines 183
Cold Migration 184
Migrating a Suspended Virtual Machine 184
Migration with VMotion 184
Migration with Storage VMotion 193
Migrate a Powered-Off or Suspended Virtual Machine 194
Migrate a Powered-On Virtual Machine with VMotion 195
Migrate a Virtual Machine with Storage VMotion 196
Storage VMotion Command-Line Syntax 198
17 Using Snapshots 201
About Snapshots 201
Using the Snapshot Manager 204
Restore a Snapshot 205
System Administration
18 Managing Users, Groups, Roles, and Permissions 209
Managing vSphere Users 209
Groups 210
Removing or Modifying Users and Groups 211
Best Practices for Users and Groups 211
Using Roles to Assign Privileges 211
Permissions 215
Best Practices for Roles and Permissions 222
Required Privileges for Common Tasks 223
19 Monitoring Storage Resources 225
Working with Storage Reports 225
vSphere Basic System Administration
6 VMware, Inc.
Working with Storage Maps 227
20 Using vCenter Maps 229
vCenter VMotion Maps 230
vCenter Map Icons and Interface Controls 230
View vCenter Maps 231
Print vCenter Maps 231
Export vCenter Maps 231
21 Working with Alarms 233
Alarm Triggers 234
Alarm Actions 243
Alarm Reporting 248
Creating Alarms 248
Managing Alarms 252
Managing Alarm Actions 256
Preconfigured VMware Alarms 259
22 Working with Performance Statistics 261
Statistics Collection for vCenter Server 261
vCenter Server Performance Charts 268
Monitoring and Troubleshooting Performance 273
23 Working with Tasks and Events 279
Managing Tasks 279
Managing Events 285
Appendixes
ADefined Privileges 291
Alarms 292
Datacenter 293
Datastore 293
Distributed Virtual Port Group 294
Distributed Virtual Switch 295
Extensions 296
Folders 296
Global 297
Host CIM 298
Host Configuration 298
Host Inventory 300
Host Local Operations 301
Host Profile 302
Network 302
Performance 303
Permissions 304
Resource 304
Contents
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Scheduled Task 306
Sessions 306
Tasks 307
vApp 307
Virtual Machine Configuration 309
Virtual Machine Interaction 313
Virtual Machine Inventory 316
Virtual Machine Provisioning 317
Virtual Machine State 320
BInstalling the Microsoft Sysprep Tools 321
Install the Microsoft System Preparation Tools from a Microsoft Web Site Download 321
Install the Microsoft Sysprep Tools from the Windows Operating System CD 322
CPerformance Metrics 325
Cluster Services Metrics 326
CPU Metrics 327
Disk Metrics 331
Management Agent Metrics 335
Memory Metrics 336
Network Metrics 344
Storage Utilization Metrics 346
System Metrics 347
Virtual Machine Operations Metrics 348
Index 351
vSphere Basic System Administration
8 VMware, Inc.
Updated Information
This Basic System Administration is updated with each release of the product or when necessary.
This table provides the update history of the Basic System Administration.
Revision Description
EN-000105-08 Changed a point in “Configuring Communication Among ESX, vCenter Server, and the vSphere Client,”
on page 49 section.
EN-000105-07 nThe topics “Windows Requirements for Guest Customization,” on page 174 and “Linux Requirements
for Guest Customization,” on page 175 now have reference to the vSphere Compatibility Matrixes
document for information on the list of operating system that are supported for guest OS cutomization.
nThe topic “About Snapshots,” on page 201 now reflects that VMware does not support snapshots of
virtual machines configured with bus-sharing.
nIn “Disk Metrics,” on page 331, corrected the table. The latency counters were marked as available for
V (virtual machines) and H (hosts), when they are actually only available for hosts.
nIn “Memory Metrics,” on page 336, corrected the table. The sharedcommon counter was marked as
available for V (virtual machines) and H (hosts), when it is actually only available for hosts.
EN-000105-06 nIn certain topics, removed references to Microsoft Outlook Express.
nIn “Upgrade VMware Tools Manually,” on page 128, updated Step 5to show that you do not have to
power-off the virtual machines when upgrading VMware Tools manually.
EN-000105-05 nIn “Specify an IP Address Range,” on page 109, updated the incorrect IPv4 address from 10.209.60.13
to 10.20.60.13.
nIn Chapter 17, “Using Snapshots,” on page 201, added information that you can use snapshot as a
restoration point during a linear or iterative process.
nIn “About Snapshots,” on page 201, added a link to a KB article.
nIn “Revert to Snapshot Command,” on page 205, added information about taking the snapshot when
the virtual machine is powered off.
nIn “Collection Intervals,” on page 263, updated that ESXi retains real-time statistics for one hour instead
of 30 minutes.
nIn “Disk Metrics,” on page 331, updated the Stats Type as rate and Unit as kiloBytesPerSecond in the
usage counter of the Table C-3.
EN-000105-04 nIn “Edit vApp Startup and Shutdown Options,” on page 106 the tab name is changed from Start up to
Start Order.
nA note added to “View vApp License Agreement,” on page 107 clarifies the condition required to view
the vApp license agreement.
nThe alarms Virtual Machine CPU Ready, Virtual machine disk commands canceled, and Virtual
machine disk reset are removed from the Default VMware Alarms table in “Preconfigured VMware
Alarms,” on page 259.
n“How Metrics Are Stored in the vCenter Server Database,” on page 267 now reflects that the maximum
number of years for which the vCenter Server Database can store statistical data is 5 years.
EN-000105-03 nThe list of supported guest operating systems in topic “Linux Requirements for Guest
Customization,” on page 175 has been revised.
VMware, Inc. 9
Revision Description
EN-000105-02 nThe following sentence has been removed from the note in“Change the Virtual Processor or CPU
Configuration,” on page 148: "Changing the number of processors an imported virtual machine uses
is not supported." This information no longer pertains to vSphere.
nAdded information to “About Snapshots,” on page 201 that clarifies the issue of using snapshots for
virtual machine backups.
EN-000105-01 nThe topic “Add a USB Controller to a Virtual Machine,” on page 163 now reflects that although you
can add a USB controller to a virtual machine, adding USB devices is not supported.
nChapter 16, “Migrating Virtual Machines,” on page 183 has been revised to remove references to
VMware Server. VMware Server hosts are not supported by vCenter Server.
nIn Table A-22 the description for the Host USB device privilege now reflects that adding USB devices
to virtual machines is not supported.
nMinor revisions.
EN-000105-00 Initial release.
vSphere Basic System Administration
10 VMware, Inc.
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