Yamaha Clavinova CVP-403 Guida all'installazione

MIDI Basics

1. What’s MIDI? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2. What You Can Do With MIDI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3. MIDI Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

4. MIDI Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1. What’s MIDI?

MIDI is an acronym that stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a technology that allows

electronic musical instruments to communicate with each other, by sending and receiving performance infor-

mation.

Just what do we mean by “performance information”? Let’s consider what happens when a pianist per-

forms.

The pianist presses a key on a piano or presses a pedal.

These actions are instances of “performance information” and

reﬂect how the pianist played the instrument. MIDI is used to

capture and express this information electronically. When you

strongly play middle C on a MIDI keyboard, MIDI indicates the

key number as 60, and the strength of playing as 120, for exam-

ple. In this way, MIDI precisely describes your performance infor-

mation in digital form.

This performance information—MIDI data—can be

transmitted between MIDI-compatible musical instruments, or

saved as a ﬁle for later playback. No matter what instrument or

computer you use, the MIDI data will reproduce the original per-

formance exactly the same. (Keep in mind that the actual sound

of the performance may differ from instrument to instrument—

for example, the acoustic piano sound on one instrument may

sound more full and rich than on another—but the basic perfor-

mance will be identical.)

The MIDI data saved as a ﬁle can easily be changed. For

example, you can change an incorrectly played note to the cor-

rect one, change the song tempo, transpose the song to a desired

key, etc. This feature of MIDI is very effective for creating a song

or practicing with a musical instrument.

2. What You Can Do With MIDI

By connecting multiple MIDI devices (musical instruments and/or computer) with a cable, the MIDI data

can be transmitted and received. For example, if you record your keyboard performance as a MIDI data, the

recorded data can be transmitted to another instrument (or computer) and played back on it. You can even edit

that data on the computer. You can also buy MIDI data (computer ﬁles) of your favorite songs from Internet

websites (such as yamahamusicsoft.com) and listen to the data by playing it back on your instrument or com-

puter.

Generally, MIDI cable is used for connecting an instrument to another instrument, and USB cable is used for

connecting instruments to a computer. For details, refer to the owner’s manual of your instrument.

MIDI data has the following advantages over audio data:

• The data size is much smaller than audio data such as mp3, wav, etc.

• The data can be effectively and easily edited.

(Example 1) Using one keyboard to control a second, connected keyboard

(Example 2) Recording your keyboard performance to computer and editing the data

Edited data can be played back on the keyboard again.

Proper sequencer software must be installed to the computer in order to edit MIDI data.

(Example 3) Playing back MIDI data which you have bought from an Internet website on

your instrument

The MIDI data can be loaded to your instrument via USB ﬂash memory.

In order to connect USB ﬂash memory, your instrument must have a USB TO DEVICE terminal.

NOTE

MIDI instrument MIDI transmit

MIDI OUT MIDI IN

MIDI instrument

USB cable

USB TO HOST USB

Computer

NOTE

USB ﬂash memory

USB USB TO DEVICE

Internet website

MIDI instrument

NOTE

3. MIDI Channels

MIDI performance data is assigned to one of sixteen MIDI channels. Using these channels, 1–16, the

performance data for sixteen different instrument parts can be simultaneously sent over one cable.

For example, when you play a song on your keyboard, the song contains many parts—right-hand part, left-

hand part, rhythm part, bass part, etc. On most instruments, different MIDI channels are assigned automatically

to each part. When this MIDI song is transmitted to another instrument via a MIDI cable, each part is transmit-

ted simultaneously, yet over separate channels.

Part (track) of

your instrument

MIDI Transmit

Channel

MIDI Receive

Channel

Track of instrument

receiving MIDI data

Right-hand part Ch. 1 Ch. 1 Track 1

Left-hand part Ch. 2 Ch. 2 Track 2

:: ::

Rhythm 1 part Ch. 9 Ch. 9 Track 9

Rhythm 2 part Ch. 10 Ch. 10 Track 10

Bass part Ch. 11 Ch. 11 Track 11

:: ::

: Ch. 16 Ch. 16 Track 16

MIDI instrument

MIDI transmit

MIDI cable

MIDI OUT MIDI IN

MIDI sequencer

4. MIDI Messages

MIDI data (messages) can be divided into two groups: Channel messages and System messages.

The following explanation shows an example of MIDI messages. For more details about MIDI messages—for

example, when you want to edit the recorded MIDI data—please refer to any of the ﬁne MIDI guidebooks that

are commercially available.

■Channel Messages

When you perform on a MIDI instrument, the following messages are generated.

Channel Message Examples

■System Messages

This is data that is used in common by the entire MIDI system. These include System Exclusive Messages for

transferring data unique to each instrument manufacturer and Realtime Messages for controlling the MIDI

devices.

The messages transmitted/received by your instrument are shown in the MIDI Data Format and MIDI Implementa-

tion Chart included in your instrument.

Instrument Operation Messages

Playing the keyboard Note On/Off (When the key was played/released)

Note Number (Which key was played)

Velocity (How strong the key was played)

Selecting a Voice Program Change

Changing the volume, pressing Sustain Pedal, etc. Control Change

Moving the Pitch Bend Wheel Pitch Bend

Pressing the key down after the note is played After Touch

NOTE

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