Cisco ONS 15454 SDH E1-75 Manuale utente

CHAPTER

15-1

Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Reference Manual, R4.6

April 2008

Performance Monitoring

Note The terms "Unidirectional Path Switched Ring" and "UPSR" may appear in Cisco literature. These terms

do not refer to using Cisco ONS 15xxx products in a unidirectional path switched ring configuration.

Rather, these terms, as well as "Path Protected Mesh Network" and "PPMN," refer generally to Cisco's

path protection feature, which may be used in any topological network configuration. Cisco does not

recommend using its path protection feature in any particular topological network configuration.

Performance monitoring (PM) parameters are used by service providers to gather, store, set thresholds,

and report performance data for early detection of problems. In this chapter, PM parameters and concepts

are defined for electrical cards, Ethernet cards, and optical cards in the Cisco ONS 15454 SDH.

For information about enabling and viewing PM values, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Procedure

Guide.

Chapter topics include:

•15.1 Threshold Performance Monitoring, page 15-1

•15.2 Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring, page 15-2

•15.3 Pointer Justification Count Performance Monitoring, page 15-3

•15.4 Performance Monitoring for Electrical Cards, page 15-3

•15.5 Performance Monitoring for Ethernet Cards, page 15-14

•15.6 Performance Monitoring for Optical Cards, page 15-21

•15.7 Performance Monitoring for the Fiber Channel Card, page 15-54

•15.8 Performance Monitoring for DWDM Cards, page 15-57

Note For additional information regarding PM parameters, refer to ITU G.826, and Telcordia documents

GR-820-CORE, GR-499-CORE, and GR-253-CORE.

15.1 Threshold Performance Monitoring

Thresholds are used to set error levels for each PM parameter. You can set individual PM threshold

values from the Cisco Transport Controller (CTC) card view Provisioning tab. For procedures on

provisioning card thresholds, such as line, path, and SDH thresholds, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 SDH

Procedure Guide.

15-2

Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Reference Manual, R4.6

April 2008

Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring

15.2 Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring

During the accumulation cycle, if the current value of a performance monitoring parameter reaches or

exceeds its corresponding threshold value, a threshold crossing alert (TCA) is generated by the node and

displayed by CTC. TCAs provide early detection of performance degradation. When a threshold is

crossed, the node continues to count the errors during a given accumulation period. If 0 is entered as the

threshold value, the performance monitoring parameter is disabled.

Change the threshold if the default value does not satisfy your error monitoring needs. For example,

customers with a critical E1 installed for 911 calls must guarantee the best quality of service on the line;

therefore, they lower all thresholds so that the slightest error raises a TCA.

15.2 Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring

Intermediate-path performance monitoring (IPPM) allows transparent monitoring of a constituent

channel of an incoming transmission signal by a node that does not terminate that channel. Many large

ONS 15454 SDH networks only use line terminating equipment (LTE), not path terminating equipment

(PTE). Table 15-1 shows ONS 15454 SDH cards that are considered LTE.

Software Release 3.0 (R3.0) and later allows LTE cards to monitor near-end PM data on individual

high-order paths by enabling IPPM. After enabling IPPM provisioning on the line card, service providers

can monitor high-order paths that are configured in pass-through mode on an ONS 15454 SDH operating

in SDH AU4 mode, thus making troubleshooting and maintenance activities more efficient.

IPPM occurs only on high-order paths that have IPPM enabled, and TCAs are raised only for PM

parameters on the IPPM enabled paths. The monitored IPPM parameters are HP-EB, HP-BBE, HP-ES,

HP-SES, HP-UAS, HP-ESR, HP-SESR, and HP-BBER.

Note The E1 card and STM-1 card can monitor far-end IPPM. For all other cards listed in Table 15-1, far-end

IPPM is not supported. However, SDH path PM parameters can be monitored by logging into the far-end

node directly.

The ONS 15454 SDH performs IPPM by examining the overhead in the monitored path and by reading

all of the near-end path PM values in the incoming direction of transmission. The IPPM process allows

the path signal to pass bidirectionally through the node completely unaltered.

Table 15-1 Line Terminating Equipment (LTE)

Electrical LTE

STM1E-12 —

Optical LTE

OC3 IR 4/STM1 SH 1310 OC3 IR/STM1 SH 1310-8

OC12 IR/STM4 SH1310 OC12 LR/STM4 LH1310

OC12 LR/STM4 LH 1550 OC12 IR/STM4 SH 1310-4

OC48 IR/STM16 SH AS 1310 OC48 LR/STM16 LH AS 1550

OC48 ELR/STM16 EH 100 GHz OC192 SR/STM64 IO 1310

OC192 IR/STM64 SH 1550 OC192 LR/STM64 LH 1550

OC192 LR/STM64 LH ITU 15xx.xx TXP_MR_10G

MXP_2.5G_10G —

15-3

Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Reference Manual, R4.6

April 2008

Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring

15.3 Pointer Justification Count Performance Monitoring

For detailed information about specific IPPM parameters, locate the card name in the following sections

and review the appropriate definition.

15.3 Pointer Justification Count Performance Monitoring

Pointers are used to compensate for frequency and phase variations. Pointer justification counts indicate

timing errors on SDH networks. When a network is out of sync, jitter and wander occurs on the

transported signal. Excessive wander can cause terminating equipment to slip.

Slips cause different effects in service. Voice service has intermittent audible clicks. Compressed voice

technology has short transmission errors or dropped calls. Fax machines lose scanned lines or experience

dropped calls. Digital video transmission has distorted pictures or frozen frames. Encryption service

loses the encryption key causing data to be transmitted again.

Pointers provide a way to align the phase variations in VC4 payloads. The VC4 payload pointer is located

in the H1 and H2 bytes of the AU pointers section and is a count of the number of bytes the VC4 path overhead

(POH) J1 byte is away from the H3 byte, not including the section overhead bytes. Clocking differences are

measured by the offset in bytes from the pointer to the first byte of the VC4 POH called the J1 byte.

Clocking differences that exceed the normal range of 0 to 782 can cause data loss.

There are positive (PPJC) and negative (NPJC) pointer justification count parameters. PPJC is a count

of path-detected (PPJC-Pdet) or path-generated (PPJC-Pgen) positive pointer justifications. NPJC is a

count of path-detected (NPJC-Pdet) or path-generated (NPJC-Pgen) negative pointer justifications

depending on the specific PM name.

A consistent pointer justification count indicates clock synchronization problems between nodes. A

difference between the counts means the node transmitting the original pointer justification has timing

variations with the node detecting and transmitting this count. Positive pointer adjustments occur when

the frame rate of the POH is too slow in relation to the rate of the VC4.

You must enable PPJC and NPJC performance monitoring parameters for LTE cards. See Table 15-1 on

page 15-2 for a list of Cisco ONS 15454 SDH LTE cards. In CTC, the count fields for PPJC and NPJC

PM parameters appear white and blank unless they are enabled on the card view Provisioning tab.

For detailed information about specific pointer justification count PM parameters, locate the card name

in the following sections and review the appropriate definition.

15.4 Performance Monitoring for Electrical Cards

The following sections define performance monitoring parameters for the E1-N-14, E1-42, E3-12, and

DS3i-N-12 electrical cards.

15.4.1 E1-N-14 Card and E1-42 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 15-1 on page 15-4 shows the signal types that support near-end and far-end PM parameters for

the E1-N-14 card and the E1-42 card.

15-4

Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Reference Manual, R4.6

April 2008

Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring

15.4.1 E1-N-14 Card and E1-42 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 15-1 Monitored Signal Types for the E1-N-14 Card and E1-42 Card

Figure 15-2 shows where overhead bytes detected on the application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs)

produce performance monitoring parameters for the E1-N-14 card.

Note The E1-42 card uses the same PM read points. The only difference from the Figure 15-2 is that the

number of ports on the E1-42 equal 42.

Figure 15-2 PM Read Points on the E1-N-14 Card

The PM parameters for the E1-N-14 card and E1-42 card are described in Table 15-2 on page 15-5

through Table 15-4 on page 15-6.

71101

ONS 15454

SDH

E1 STM16

Fiber

Near End

E1 Signal

CRC4 Framing Path PMs Near + Far End Supported

ONS 15454

SDH

E1STM16

Far End

E1 Signal

VC-12 Low-Order Path PMs Near End Supported

71100

ONS 15454 SDH

E1 Card

LIU

Framer

BTC

Tx/Rx

Cross-Connect

Card STM-N

CV-L

ES-L

SES-L

Rx P-EB

Rx P-BBE

Rx P-ES

Rx P-SES

Rx P-UAS

Rx P-ESR

Rx P-SESR

Rx P-BBER

Tx P-EB

Tx P-BBE

Tx P-ES

Tx P-SES

Tx P-UAS

Tx P-ESR

Tx P-SESR

Tx P-BBER

E1 Side

Low-

Order

Path

Level

SDH Side

LP-EB

LP-BBE

LP-ES

LP-SES

LP-UAS

LP-ESR

LP-SESR

LP-BBER

PMs read on Framer

PMs read on LIU

15-5

Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Reference Manual, R4.6

April 2008

Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring

15.4.1 E1-N-14 Card and E1-42 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Table 15-2 Line PM Parameters for the E1-N-14 Card and E1-42 Card, Near-End

Parameter Definition

Note SDH path PMs do not increment unless IPPM is enabled. See the “15.2 Intermediate-Path

Performance Monitoring” section on page 15-2.

E1 CV-L Code Violation Line (CV-L) indicates the number of coding violations

occurring on the line. This parameter is a count of bipolar violations

(BPVs) and excessive zeros (EXZs) occurring over the accumulation

period.

E1 ES-L Errored Seconds Line (ES-L) is a count of the seconds containing one or

more anomalies (BPV + EXZ) and/or defects (loss of signal) on the line.

E1 SES-L Severely Errored Seconds Line (SES-L) is a count of the seconds

containing more than a particular quantity of anomalies (BPV + EXZ >

2048) and/or defects on the line.

E1 LOSS-L Line Loss of Signal (LOSS-L) is a count of one-second intervals

containing one or more LOS defects.

Table 15-3 Transmit and Receive CEPT and CRC4 Framing Path PM Parameters

for the Near-End and Far-End E1-N-14 Cards and E1-42 Cards

Parameter Definition

Note Under the Provisioning > Threshold tab, the E1-N-14 card and the E1-42 card have

user-defined thresholds for the E-1 Rx path PM parameters. In the Threshold tab, they are

displayed as EB, BBE, ES, SES, and UAS without the Rx prefix.

E1 (Tx or Rx) P-EB Path Errored Block (P-EB) indicates that one or more bits are in error

within a block.

E1 (Tx or Rx) P-BBE Path Background Block Error (P-BBE) is an errored block not occurring

as part of an SES.

E1 (Tx or Rx) P-ES Path Errored Second (P-ES) is a one-second period with one or more

errored blocks or at least one defect.

E1 (Tx or Rx) P-SES Path Severely Errored Seconds (P-SES) is a one-second period containing

30 percent or more errored blocks or at least one defect; SES is a subset

of ES.

E1 (Tx or Rx) P-UAS Receive Path Unavailable Seconds (E1 Rx P-UAS) is a count of

one-second intervals when the E-1 path is unavailable on the signal

receive end. The E-1 path is unavailable when ten consecutive SESs occur.

The ten SESs are included in unavailable time. After the E-1 path becomes

unavailable, it becomes available when ten consecutive seconds occur

with no SESs. The ten seconds with no SESs are excluded from

unavailable time.

Transmit Path Unavailable Seconds (E1 Tx P-UAS) is a count of

one-second intervals when the E-1 path is unavailable on the transmit end

of the signal. The E-1 path is unavailable when ten consecutive SESs

occur. The ten SESs are included in unavailable time. After the E-1 path

becomes unavailable, it becomes available when ten consecutive seconds

occur with no SESs. The ten seconds with no SESs are excluded from

unavailable time.

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Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Reference Manual, R4.6

April 2008

Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring

15.4.1 E1-N-14 Card and E1-42 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

E1 (Tx or Rx) P-AISS AIS Seconds Path (P-AISS) is a count of one-second intervals containing

one or more AIS defects.

E1 (Tx or Rx) P-ESR Path Errored Second Ratio (P-ESR) is the ratio of errored seconds to total

seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

E1 (Tx or Rx) P-SESR Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (P-SESR) is the ratio of SES to total

seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

E1 (Tx or Rx) P-BBER Path Background Block Error Ratio (P-BBER) is the ratio of BBE to total

blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval. The count

of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.

Table 15-4 VC-12 Low-Order Path PM Parameters for the Near-End and Far-End E1-N-14 Cards

and E1-42 Cards

Parameter Definition

LP-EB Low-Order Path Errored Block (LP-EB) indicates that one or more bits

are in error within a block.

LP-ES Low-Order Path Errored Second (LP-ES) is a one-second period with one

or more errored blocks or at least one defect.

LP-SES Low-Order Path Severely Errored Seconds (LP-SES) is a one-second

period containing greater than or equal to 30 percent errored blocks or at

least one defect. SES is a subset of ES.

LP-UAS Low-Order Path Unavailable Seconds (LP-UAS) is a count of the seconds

when the VC path was unavailable. A low-order path becomes unavailable

when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as LP-SESs, and it

continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not

qualify as LP-SESs.

LP-BBE Low-Order Path Background Block Error (LP-BBE) is an errored block

not occurring as part of an SES.

LP-ESR Low-Order Path Errored Second Ratio (LP-ESR) is the ratio of errored

seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement

interval.

LP-SESR Low-Order Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (LP-SESR) is the ratio of

SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement

interval.

LP-BBER Low-Order Path Background Block Error Ratio (LP-BBER) is the ratio of

BBE to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.

Table 15-3 Transmit and Receive CEPT and CRC4 Framing Path PM Parameters

for the Near-End and Far-End E1-N-14 Cards and E1-42 Cards (continued)

Parameter Definition

15-7

Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Reference Manual, R4.6

April 2008

Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring

15.4.2 E3-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 15-3 shows the signal types that support near-end and far-end PM parameters for the E3-12 card.

Figure 15-4 shows where overhead bytes detected on the ASICs produce performance monitoring

parameters for the E3-12 card.

Figure 15-3 Monitored Signal Types for the E3-12 Card

Figure 15-4 PM Read Points on the E3-12 Card

The PM parameters for the E3-12 card are described in Table 15-5 on page 15-8 through Table 15-8 on

page 15-9.

71105

ONS 15454

SDH

E3 STM16

Fiber

Near End

E3 Signal

E3 Path Near End PMs Supported

ONS 15454

SDH

E3STM16

Far End

E3 Signal

VC3 Low-Order Path PMs Supported for Near and Far-End

VC4 High-Order Path PMs Supported for Near and Far-End

71102

ONS 15454 SDH

E3 Card

LIU Mux/Demux ASIC

BTC

ASIC

Cross-Connect

Card STM-N

E3 Side

Low-

Order

Path

Level

SDH Side

LP-EB

LP-BBE

LP-ES

LP-SES

LP-UAS

LP-ESR

LP-SESR

LP-BBER

HP-EB

HP-BBE

HP-ES

HP-SES

HP-UAS

HP-ESR

HP-SESR

HP-BBER

CV-L

ES-L

SES-L

LOSS-L

P-ES

P-SES

P-UAS

P-ESR

P-SESR

PMs read on Mux/Demux ASIC

PMs read on LIU High-

Order

Path

Level

15-8

Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Reference Manual, R4.6

April 2008

Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring

15.4.2 E3-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Table 15-5 Line PM Parameters for the Near-End E3-12 Card

Parameter Definition

E3 CV-L Code Violation Line (CV-L) indicates that the number of coding

violations occurring on the line. This parameter is a count of BPVs and

EXZs occurring over the accumulation period.

E3 ES-L Errored Seconds Line (ES-L) is a count of the seconds containing one or

more anomalies (BPV + EXZ) and/or defects (loss of signal) on the line.

E3 SES-L Severely Errored Seconds Line (SES-L) is a count of the seconds

containing more than a particular quantity of anomalies (BPV + EXZ >

44) and/or defects on the line.

E3 LOSS-L Line Loss of Signal (LOSS-L) is a count of one-second intervals

containing one or more LOS defects.

Table 15-6 Path PM Parameters for the Near-End E3-12 Card

Parameter Definition

E3 P-ES Path Errored Second (P-ES) is a one-second period with at least one

defect.

E3 P-SES Path Severely Errored Seconds (P-SES) is a one-second period containing

at least one defect. SES is a subset of ES.

E3 P-UAS Path Unavailable Seconds (P-UAS) is a count of the seconds when the

path was unavailable. A path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive

seconds occur that qualify as P-SESs, and it continues to be unavailable

until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as P-SESs.

E3 P-ESR Path Errored Second Ratio (P-ESR) is the ratio of errored seconds to total

seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

E3 P-SESR Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (P-SESR) is the ratio of SES to total

seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

Table 15-7 VC3 Low-Order Path PM Parameters for the Near-End and Far-End E3-12 Card

Parameter Definition

LP-EB Low-Order Path Errored Block (LP-EB) indicates that one or more bits

are in error within a block.

LP-BBE Low-Order Path Background Block Error (LP-BBE) is an errored block

not occurring as part of an SES.

LP-ES Low-Order Path Errored Second (LP-ES) is a one-second period with one

or more errored blocks or at least one defect.

LP-SES Low-Order Path Severely Errored Seconds (LP-SES) is a one-second

period containing 30 percent or more errored blocks or at least one defect.

SES is a subset of ES.

15-9

Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Reference Manual, R4.6

April 2008

Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring

15.4.2 E3-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

LP-UAS Low-Order Path Unavailable Seconds (LP-UAS) is a count of the seconds

when the VC path was unavailable. A low-order path becomes unavailable

when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as LP-SESs, and it

continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not

qualify as LP-SESs.

LP-ESR Low-Order Path Errored Second Ratio (LP-ESR) is the ratio of errored

seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement

interval.

LP-SESR Low-Order Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (LP-SESR) is the ratio of

SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement

interval.

LP-BBER Low-Order Path Background Block Error Ratio (LP-BBER) is the ratio of

BBE to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.

Table 15-8 VC4 High-Order Path PM Parameters for the Near-End and Far-End E3-12 Card

Parameter Definition

HP-EB High-Order Path Errored Block (HP-EB) indicates that one or more bits

are in error within a block.

HP-BBE High-Order Path Background Block Error (HP-BBE) is an errored block

not occurring as part of an SES.

HP-ES High-Order Path Errored Second (HP-ES) is a one-second period with one

or more errored blocks or at least one defect.

HP-SES High-Order Path Severely Errored Seconds (HP-SES) is a one-second

period containing 30 percent or more errored blocks or at least one defect.

SES is a subset of ES.

HP-UAS High-Order Path Unavailable Seconds (HP-UAS) is a count of the seconds

when the VC path was unavailable. A high-order path becomes

unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as HP-SESs,

and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that

do not qualify as HP-SESs.

HP-ESR High-Order Path Errored Second Ratio (HP-ESR) is the ratio of errored

seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement

interval.

HP-SESR High-Order Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (HP-SESR) is the ratio

of SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement

interval.

HP-BBER High-Order Path Background Block Error Ratio (HP-BBER) is the ratio

of BBE to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement

interval. The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.

Table 15-7 VC3 Low-Order Path PM Parameters for the Near-End and Far-End E3-12 Card (continued)

Parameter Definition

15-10

Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Reference Manual, R4.6

April 2008

Chapter 15 Performance Monitoring

15.4.3 DS3i-N-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 15-5 shows the signal types that support near-end and far-end PM parameters for the DS3i-N-12

card. Figure 15-6 shows where overhead bytes detected on the ASICs produce performance monitoring

parameters for the DS3i-N-12 card.

Figure 15-5 Monitored Signal Types for the DS3i-N-12 Card

Figure 15-6 PM Read Points on the DS3i-N-12 Card

71108

ONS 15454

SDH

DS3i STM16

Fiber

Near End

DS3 Signal

C-Bit and M23 Framing DS3 Path Near-End PMs Are Supported

ONS 15454

SDH

DS3iSTM16

Far End

DS3 Signal

VC3 Low-Order Path PMs Supported for Near and Far-End

VC4 High-Order Path PMs Supported for Near and Far-End

71103

ONS 15454 SDH

DS3i Card

LIU

Mux/Demux ASIC

BTC

ASIC

Cross-Connect

Card STM-N

DS3 Side SDH Side

CV-L

ES-L

SES-L

LOSS-L

AISS-P

CVP-P

ESP-P

SASP-P

SESP-P

UASP-P

CVCP-P

ESCP-P

SASCP-P

SESCP-P

UASCP-P

CVCP-PFE

ESCP-PFE

SASCP-PFE

SESCP-PFE

UASCP-PFE PMs read on Mux/Demux ASIC

PMs read on LIU

Low-

Order

Path

Level

SDH Side

LP-EB

LP-BBE

LP-ES

LP-SES

LP-UAS

LP-ESR

LP-SESR

LP-BBER

HP-EB

HP-BBE

HP-ES

HP-SES

HP-UAS

HP-ESR

HP-SESR

HP-BBER

High-

Order

Path

Level

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