Elenco Electronics AK-700 Guida utente

PULSE/TONE TELEPHONE KIT

MODEL AK-700/PT-323K

No partof this book shall be reproduced byanymeans; electronic, photocopying, or otherwise without written permission from the publisher.

Elenco®Electronics, Inc.

Assembly and Instruction Manual

-1-

SECTION 4 - PARTS LIST

If you are a student, and any parts are missing or damaged, please see instructor or bookstore.

If you purchased this kit from a distributor, catalog, etc., please contact Elenco®Electronics (address/phone/e-

mail is at the back of this manual) for additional assistance, if needed. DO NOT contact your place of purchase

as they will not be able to help you.

*BAG 1 *

Resistors (For identifying values, refer to page 8).

QTY. SYMBOL DESCRIPTION COLOR CODE PART #

1 R18 10Ω5% 1/4W brown-black-black-gold 121000

1 R19 120Ω5% 1/4W brown-red-brown-gold 131200

1 R7 2.2kΩ5% 1/4W red-red-red-gold 142200

4 R12, R13, R15, R20 3.3kΩ5% 1/4W orange-orange-red-gold 143300

2 R5, R23 10kΩ5% 1/4W brown-black-orange-gold 151000

3 R16, R17, R22 15kΩ5% 1/4W brown-green-orange-gold 151500

4 R1 - R4 47kΩ5% 1/4W yellow-violet-orange-gold 154700

4 R6, R9, R11, R21 100kΩ5% 1/4W brown-black-yellow-gold 161000

2 R10, R14 150kΩ5% 1/4W brown-green-yellow-gold 161500

1 R8 1MΩ5% 1/4W brown-black-green-gold 171000

Diodes

QTY. SYMBOL VALUE DESCRIPTION PART #

4 D1 - D4 1N4004 or 1N4007 Diode 314004

2 D5, D6 1N4148 Diode 314148

1 D8 55C2V7/1N5223 2.7V Zener Diode 315223

1D7 55C4V7/1N5230 4.7V Zener Diode 315230

* BAG2*

Capacitors(For identifying values, refer to page 8).

QTY. SYMBOL VALUE DESCRIPTION PART #

2 C10, C11 30pF Discap (30) 213010

1 C5 300pF Discap (300 or 301) 223017

1 C2 .01µF Discap (.01 or 103) 241031

1 C8 .02µF Discap (.02 or 203) 242010

1 C7 .04µF Discap (.04 or 403) 240417

1 C1 .47µF Mylar (474/470N) 254710

1C6 1µF50V Electrolytic (Lytic) 261047

3 C3, C4, C9 47µF10V Electrolytic (Lytic) 274742

*BAG 3 *

QTY. SYMBOL VALUE DESCRIPTION PART #

1 Q2 2N5401 Transistor PNP 325401

1 Q3 2N5551 Transistor NPN 325551

1Q4 9013H Transistor NPN 329013

2Q1, Q5 9014C Transistor NPN 329014

1 IC1 HM9102 Integrated Circuit (IC) 339102

1 X Resonator 3.58MHz 560358

4 LP1 - LP4 Neon Bulb 585021

1IC1 IC Socket 18-pin 664018

-2-

*BAG 4 *

QTY. DESCRIPTION PART #

1 Switch SPDT (Hook) (S2) 541108

2 Switch SPDT (S1, S3) 541109

2 Screw 1/4” (Keyboard) 642237

2 Screw 5/8” (Case) 642477

*BAG 5 *

QTY. DESCRIPTION PART #

1 Microphone (MIC) (without leads) 568001

1 Buzzer (B) 595223

1 Modular Jack 621019

1 Label Telephone # (2 parts) 721006

1 Microphone Pad 780126

1 Buzzer Pad 780125

*BAG 6 *

QTY. DESCRIPTION PART #

1BatterySnap 9V 590098

1 Wire 22AWG Solid Yellow 6” 814420

1 Wire 26AWG Stranded Red 2” 834520

1 Wire 26AWG Stranded Red 4” 834521

4 Wire 26AWG Stranded Gray 3” 834530

1 Wire 26AWG Stranded Orange 2” 834523

1 Ribbon Cable 1” (9 wires) 879009

1 Solder 9ST4

*The Wire 22AWG SolidYellow 6” is not used.

*BAG 7 *

QTY. DESCRIPTION PART #

1 PC Board Keypad 517028

1 Push Button Set (12) 540103

1 Contact Pad Keypad 789032

*MAIN BAG *

QTY. DESCRIPTION PART #

1 PC Board Main 517027

1 Speaker (SP) 590102

1 Case Top Clear 623300

1 Case Bottom Clear 623400

1 Cradle Clear 626001

1 Hook Button Clear 626040

1Label Dial 721027

1Speaker Pad 780127

1 Telephone Cord 860900

-3-

PARTS IDENTIFICATION

DiodesResistor Capacitors

Transistor

Epoxy

Glass

BAG 2

Electrolytic Disc

Mylar

BAG 3

Integrated Circuit (IC) IC Socket

Resonator Neon Bulb

BAG 4

Switch SPDT

(S1, S3) Switch SPDT

(Hook) (S2)

5/8” Screw 1/4” Screw

BAG 5

Microphone

Microphone Pads

Buzzer

Buzzer Pad

Modular Jack

Label & Cover

BAG 6

Ribbon Cable Solder Wire

Battery Snap

BAG 7

Contact Keypad Push Button Set (12)

MAIN BAG

Main PC Board

Speaker (SP)

Clear Top Case

Clear Bottom Case

Keypad PC Board

Speaker

Pad

Label

Dial

Clear Cradle

Telephone Cord

Clear Hook

Button

BAG 1

-4-

IDENTIFYING RESISTOR VALUES

Use the following information as a guide in properly identifying the value of resistors.

BAND 1

1st Digit

Color Digit

Black 0

Brown 1

Red 2

Orange 3

Yellow 4

Green 5

Blue 6

Violet 7

Gray 8

White 9

BAND 2

2nd Digit

Color Digit

Black 0

Brown 1

Red 2

Orange 3

Yellow 4

Green 5

Blue 6

Violet 7

Gray 8

White 9

Multiplier

Color Multiplier

Black 1

Brown 10

Red 100

Orange 1,000

Yellow 10,000

Green 100,000

Blue 1,000,000

Silver 0.01

Gold 0.1

Resistance

Tolerance

Color Tolerance

Silver +10%

Gold +5%

Brown +1%

Red +2%

Orange +3%

Green +0.5%

Blue +0.25%

Violet +0.1%

BANDS

12 Multiplier Tolerance

IDENTIFYING CAPACITOR VALUES

Capacitors will be identified by their capacitance value in pF (picofarads), nF (nanofarads), or µF(microfarads). Most

capacitors will have their actual value printed on them. Some capacitors may have their value printed in the following

manner. The maximum operating voltage may also be printed on the capacitor.

Second Digit

First Digit

Multiplier

Tolerance The letter M indicates a tolerance of +20%

The letter K indicates a tolerance of +10%

The letter J indicates a tolerance of +5%

For the No. 01234589

Multiply By 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 0.01 0.1

Multiplier

Note: The letter “R” may be used at times

to signify a decimal point; as in 3R3 = 3.3

103K

100V

Maximum Working Voltage

The value is 10 x 1,000 = 10,000pF or .01µF100V

10µF 16V

METRIC UNITS AND CONVERSIONS

Abbreviation Means Multiply Unit By Or

p Pico .000000000001 10-12

n nano .000000001 10-9

µmicro .000001 10-6

m milli .001 10-3

– unit 1 100

k kilo 1,000 103

M mega 1,000,000 106

1. 1,000 pico units = 1 nano unit

2. 1,000 nano units = 1 micro unit

3. 1,000 micro units= 1 milli unit

4. 1,000 milli units = 1 unit

5. 1,000 units = 1 kilo unit

6. 1,000 kilo units= 1 mega unit

SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION

The Model AK-700 / PT-323K is a push button electronic telephone kit. Your telephone is equipped with the

following features: A) a tone/pulse switch, B) automatic redial (for pulse dialer) of up to 32 digits, C) a ringer

turn off switch, and D) four neon bulbs to give a visual indication that the telephone is ringing. The kit is built up

in three sections: 1) Ringer, 2) Transmit-Receive, and 3) Dialer. As each section is added, its function is

explained and tests are run to demonstrate its operation.

FCC regulations do not allow the Model AK-700 / PT-323K Telephone to be connected to the telephone network

unless it has been either assembled under the supervision of an instructor or been tested by Elenco®.

SECTION 2 - FCC REQUIREMENTS

For the last several years, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has provided the standards for the

protection of the telephone network from harm caused by the connection of terminal equipment. The rules

established require that all terminal equipment, such as your telephone, be registered with the FCC. The FCC

registration number of your telephone is GXA3PP-19545-TE-E.

If trouble is experienced, the telephone must be removed from the telephone network to determine if it is

malfunctioning. If it is malfunctioning, the telephone must not be reconnected to the telephone network until

repairs are made. Repairs should be made by Elenco®. To arrange for repairs, contact Elenco®at the address

given on the backof this manual.

SECTION 3 - GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The primary purpose of the telephone is to transmit and receive voice signals allowing two people with

telephones to communicate with each other. To be of practical value, the telephone must be connected to a

switching network capable of connecting each telephone to many other telephones. To accomplish this switching,

each subscriber telephone is connected to the telephone company’s Central Office by two wires referred to as

the “Local Loop”. A simplified diagram of this connection is shown in Figure 3-1. The Tip and Ring designation

of the + and – leads come from the days of the manual switchboard. The tip of the plug the operator used to

connect telephones carried the (+) lead and the ring immediately behind the tip carried the (–) lead.

When a subscriber wishes to place a call, they merely pick up the telephone and a small current flows in the

local loop. This current picks a relay in the Central Office indicating that service is being requested. When the

Central Office is ready to accept the number being called, a dial tone is sent to the calling telephone. The dial

pulses, or tones, then signal to the Central Office the number of the telephone being called. A path is then

established to that telephone. This path may be a simple wire connection to a telephone connected to the same

Central Office or it maygo via wire, microwave link, or satellite to a telephone connected to a distant Central

Office. To signal the incoming call, a ringing signal is placed on the local loop of the called telephone. The

ringing signal is a 90 VAC 20Hz signal superimposed on the 48VDC present on the local loop. A ringing tone

is also sent to the calling telephone. When the called party picks up the telephone, voice communication is

established.

-5-

The Rotary Dial Telephone

Asimplified schematic diagram of the

traditional rotary dial telephone is shown in

Figure 3-2. The major parts of this telephone

are explained below. Your kit is a newer

electronic type telephone. When you build

your telephone in Section 6, you will notice

several differences between the traditional and

electronic type telephones.

Hook Switch

When the hook switch is open (on hook) no

current flows in the local loop. The 48VDC

from the battery in the Central Office appears

on the tip and ring input to the telephone set.

When the receiver is lifted, the hook switch

closes and a current of about 20 to 120mA

flows in the local loop. The resistance of the

local loop drops the voltage at the telephone to

about 6 volts. The current picks a relay in the

Central Office which tells other equipment

there that service is being requested. When

the Central Office is ready to accept the

number being called, a dial tone is sent to the

calling telephone. The dial tone stops when

the first digit is dialed.

Dialer

There are twotypes of dialers, pulse and tone.

Pulse Dialer

Pulse dialing is accomplished by the familiar rotary dial shown in Figure 3-2. The dial is rotated to the stop and

then released. A spring in the dialer returns the dial to its null position. As the dial returns, the dial switch (S2)

opens and closes at a fixed rate. This switch is in series with the hook switch. Opening the switch interrupts the

current in the local loop. A series of current pulses is thus sent out on the local loop as shown in Figure 3-3. The

number of pulses sent corresponds to the digit dialed. Dialing “0” sends ten pulses. The dial pulses are sent at

a rate of 10 pulses per second (100 ms. between pulses). Each pulse consists of a mark interval (loop current)

and a space interval (no loop current). In America, the mark interval is 40 ms. and the space interval is 60 ms.

giving a mark/space ratio of 40/60. In Europe, the mark space ratio is usually 33/67.

-6-

Figure 3-1

Figure 3-2

Figure 3-3

Tone Dialer

Tone dialing is accomplished with a keyboard of 12

keys arranged in 4 rows and 3 columns. As seen in

Figure 3-4, low frequencies of 697, 770, 852 and

941 are associated with rows R1 through R4 and

high frequencies of 1209, 1336 and 1477Hz are

associated with columns C1 through C3. To send

each digit, two frequencies are sent to the Central

Office simultaneously. For this reason, this method

of dialing is referred to as Dual Tone Multifrequency

(DTMF). The different frequencies are generated by

connecting a capacitor to different taps of a

transformer to establish a resonant circuit of the

correct frequency. Each of the 3 keys of row 1 are

mechanically connected to switch SR1. Similarly,

each of the other rows and columns are connected

to their corresponding switch. Thus, pressing any

key closes two switches and generates two

frequencies. Pressing a 6 for example, closes

switches SR2 and SC3 and generates 770 and

1477Hz.

Transmitter

The Transmitter consists of a metal diaphragm and a metal case insulated from each other as shown in Figure 3-5.

The case is filled with carbon granules. When you speak into the transmitter, the sound waves of your voice strike

the diaphragm and causes it to vibrate. This causes the carbon granules to compress and expand. When

compressed, the resistance of the carbon granules is less than when expanded. The change of resistance causes

acorresponding change in the current. The current thus varies in step with the sound waves of your voice.

-7-

Figure 3-4

Figure 3-5

-8-

Receiver

There are several different types of receivers. In principle, they

work the same as the speakers in your radio andTV. The speaker

consists of a small coil attached to a diaphragm. The coil is

mounted over a permanent magnet as shown in Figure 3-6. Coil

current in one direction causes the coil and diaphragm to be

repelled from the permanent magnet. Coil current in the other

direction causes the coil and diaphragm to be attracted to the

permanent magnet. If a current of audio frequency is sent

through the coil, the diaphragm vibrates and generates sound

waves in step with the current. Thus, if the current from the

transmitter is sent through the coil, the sound produced will

duplicate the sound striking the transmitter.

Ringer

As shown in Figure 3-2, the ringer is connected across the tip

and ring inputs in series with a capacitor to block the 48VDC.

The ringer consists of a permanent magnet attached to an

armature as shown in Figure 3-7. When an alternating current

of 20Hz is passed through the coils, the armature is alternately

attracted to one coil and then the other. The hammer attached

to the armature thus strikes one bell and then the other to

produce the ringing sound.

Induction Coil / Balance Network

When transmitting and receiving is done over the same two

wires,the problem arises that current from the transmitter flows

through the receiver. The speaker then hears their own voice

from the receiver. This is called sidetone. Too much sidetone

maybe objectionable to the speaker and cause them to speak

too softly. A small amount of sidetone is desirable to keep the

telephone from sounding dead.

The induction coil and balance network limit the sidetone. The impedance of the balance network shown in

Figure 3-2 approximately matches the impedance of the local loop. Thus, about half of the current from the

transmitter flows through L1 and the local loop and the other half flows through L2 and the balance network. The

currents in L1 and L2 induce voltages in L3 of opposite polarity which limits the voltage across the receiver to an

acceptable level. When receiving a signal from the local loop, the currents in L1 and L2 induce voltages in L3 of

the same polarity. These voltages combine to drive the receiver.

Figure 3-6

Figure 3-7

-9-

Introduction

The most important factor in assembling your Tone/Pulse Telephone Kit is good soldering techniques. Using

the proper soldering iron is of prime importance. A small pencil type soldering iron of 25 - 40 watts is

recommended.The tip of the iron must be kept clean at all times and well tinned.

Safety Procedures

• Wear eye protection when soldering.

•

Locate soldering iron in an area where you do not have to go around it or reach over it.

•Do not hold solder in your mouth. Solder contains lead and is a toxic substance. Wash your hands

thoroughly after handling solder.

• Be sure that there is adequate ventilation present.

Assemble Components

In all of the following assembly steps, the components must be installed on the top side of the PC board unless

otherwise indicated. The top legend shows where each component goes. The leads pass through the

corresponding holes in the board and are soldered on the foil side.

Use only rosin core solder of 63/37 alloy.

DO NOT USE ACID CORE SOLDER!

CONSTRUCTION

Solder Soldering Iron

Foil

Solder

Soldering Iron

Foil

Component Lead

Soldering Iron

Circuit Board

Foil

Rosin

Soldering iron positioned

incorrectly.

Solder

Gap

Component Lead

Solder

Soldering Iron

Drag

Foil

1. Solder all components from

the copper foil side only.

Push the soldering iron tip

against both the lead and

the circuit board foil.

2. Apply a small amount of

solder to the iron tip. This

allows the heat to leave the

iron and onto the foil.

Immediately apply solder to

the opposite side of the

connection, away from the

iron. Allow the heated

component and the circuit

foil to melt the solder.

1. Insufficient heat -the

solder will not flowonto the

lead as shown.

3. Allowthe solder to flow

around the connection.

Then, remove the solder

and the iron and let the

connection cool. The

solder should have flowed

smoothly and not lump

around the wire lead.

Here is what a good solder

connection looks like.

2. Insufficient solder -let the

solder flow over the

connection until it is

covered. Use just enough

solder to cover the

connection.

3. Excessive solder -could

make connections that you

did not intend to between

adjacent foil areas or

terminals.

4. Solder bridges -occur

when solder runs between

circuit paths and creates a

short circuit. This is usually

caused by using too much

solder. To correct this,

simply drag your soldering

iron across the solder

bridge as shown.

What Good Soldering Looks Like

Agood solder connection should be bright, shiny,

smooth, and uniformly flowed over all surfaces.

Types of Poor Soldering Connections

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