Grandstream Networks GWN7610 Guida di riferimento rapido

Grandstream Networks, Inc.

GWN7610/GWN7600/GWN7600LR

Wireless Access Points

Deployment Guide

GWN7610

Enterprise 802.11ac

WiFi Access Point

GWN7600

Mid-Tier 802.11ac Wave-2

WiFi Access Point

GWN7600LR

Outdoor Long Range 802.11ac

Wave-2 WiFi Access point

DP750 User Manual

Table of Contents

OVERVIEW.....................................................................................................................4

WLAN Technical Features .....................................................................................................................4

WLAN Product Introduction ...................................................................................................................4

WLAN PLANNING AND DEPLOYMENT .......................................................................5

The Importance of Planning...................................................................................................................5

How to Plan Deployment .......................................................................................................................6

First Step: Plan Efficient Channel Multiplexing and Minimize Channel Sharing ............................6

Second Step: Improve the Air Interface Efficiency in a Single Channel Coverage Cell.................8

Significance of Radio Signal Parameter ................................................................................................9

SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio).........................................................................................................10

Channel Utilization........................................................................................................................12

Impact of Client Performance ..............................................................................................................19

How to Deploy with 802.11ac...............................................................................................................22

Advantages and Features of 802.11ac.........................................................................................22

How to Deploy with 802.11ac Wireless Products .........................................................................26

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Grandstream Wireless Product Deployment Guide

Table of Figures

Figure 1: Positions of Access Points deployed on the Floor Plan ................................................................5

Figure 2: Schematic Diagram of Efficient Channel Multiplexing ...................................................................7

Figure 3: WiFi SNR APP ............................................................................................................................. 11

Figure 4: Acrylic Wi-Fi Professional Software .............................................................................................12

Figure 5: Channels overlapping on the 2.4GHz..........................................................................................14

Figure 6: GWN SSH Menu..........................................................................................................................14

Figure 7: Band utilization.............................................................................................................................15

Figure 8: External interference caused by other wireless appliances ........................................................16

Figure 9: Control cellular size of the AP by lowering the transmission power ............................................18

Figure 10: Required SNR value in the 256QAM modulation mode ............................................................23

Figure 11: 5GHz channel numbers and distribution maps (GWN US model).............................................24

Figure 12: Diagram of downlink transmission of SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO ...............................................25

Figure 13: SU-MIMO Omnidirectional antenna vs MU-MIMO beamforming ..............................................26

Figure 14: 2.4G Channel Distribution map..................................................................................................28

Figure 15: Spectrum of the 20MHz channel ...............................................................................................28

Figure 16: Spectrum of the 40MHz channel ...............................................................................................29

Figure 17: 5G primary and secondary channels .........................................................................................30

Figure 18: Selection of 5G 20MHz primary channel ...................................................................................35

Table of Tables

Table 1: GWN76xx Features and Applications..............................................................................................4

Table 2: Transmission power of some smart phones..................................................................................20

Table 3: 802.11ac implementation speed boost factors ..............................................................................22

Table 4: Signal and energy detection threshold for the primary and secondary channels .........................31

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Grandstream Wireless Product Deployment Guide

OVERVIEW

WLAN Technical Features

The growth of WLAN technology began in the mid-1980s, and its technical standards were mainly

developed by the IEEE 802.11 working group. So far, the group has successively introduced many

standards such as 802.11a/b/g/i/e/k/n/ac, and those standards has been perfected in terms of user

bandwidth, wireless security, and manageability.

According to the latest commercial 802.11ac standard, the WLAN physical bandwidth can theoretically

reach 1.7 Gbps. Currently, 802.11ac mainstream products can achieve a bandwidth of up to 866 Mbps (2

spatial streams) / 1.3 Gbps (3 spatial streams), and the APs with 802.1ac support have become the first

choice for WLAN deployment.

This document describes the problems encountered in the deployment of 802.11ac enterprise-class

wireless networks and provides solutions from the perspective of 802.11ac technical details.

This document applies to people: enterprise wireless network integrator, wireless network operation and

maintenance administrator.

WLAN Product Introduction

Grandstream offers 802.11ac series wireless products, including GWN7610, GWN7600 and GWN7600-LR

product features and applications as shown in Table 1 below:

Table 1: GWN76xx Features and Applications

Product

Model

Indoor/Outdoor

Feature Description

Application

GWN7610

Indoor, ceiling

installation

Support 802.11ac-wave1

Dual-band 3x3:3 MIMO, up to 1.75Gbps

Support 802.3af and 802.3at Power-over-

Ethernet (PoE/PoE+)

Indoor installation for

enterprise office,

hotel, and etc.

GWN7600

Indoor, ceiling

installation

Support 802.11ac-wave2

Dual-band 2x2:2 MIMO, up to 1.27Gbps

Support 802.3af and 802.3at Power-over-

Ethernet (PoE/PoE+)

Indoor installation for

enterprise office,

hotel, and etc.

GWN7600LR

Outdoor, pole

installation

Support 802.11ac-wave2

Dual-band 2x2:2 MIMO, up to 1.27Gbps

Support 802.3af and 802.3at Power-over-

Ethernet (PoE/PoE+)

Outdoor installation

for squares, park and

etc.

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Grandstream Wireless Product Deployment Guide

WLAN PLANNING AND DEPLOYMENT

The Importance of Planning

With the tremendous growth of WiFi clients and mobile Internet applications, wireless LANs have evolved

from pursuit of connectivity and coverage to the goal of high-capacity access.

High capacity is meant to support as many wireless clients as possible, and guarantees the experience of

its key business applications. This is not easy to do.

The process of wireless network deployment as planning → construction deployment → network

optimization → operation and maintenance is very different from our previous experience on the wired

network. In the actual deployment, there is such a typical case:

Figure 1 is a floor plan of an Internet company (totally they have 3 floors), each floor has about 100

workstations, each station uses 2-3 terminals, including smart phones, APP tests and office laptops, etc.

By conservatively estimation, there could be 250 terminals per layer.

The company requires wireless deployment for all office phone and laptops, and requires seamless

roaming. In order to achieve the strongest signal coverage, the administrator deployed access points with

full coverage of all workstations (shown by red dots), and added access point installation for outdoor

terraces, elevator halls and corridor (shown by blue dots).

As the result, Wi-Fi signal strength can be detected with over -50dBm at any location on this single floor.

Figure 1: Positions of Access Points deployed on the Floor Plan

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Grandstream Wireless Product Deployment Guide

Before the network deployment is delivered, people ran test at night time after work, and network speed

can always reach to the full speed of their ISP bandwidth.

However, after the wireless network is put into use at daytime, the user experience is unexpected terrible,

and employees continuously complain the slow network. However, the measured export bandwidth

utilization on the ISP router is low. So, what is the problem?

Signal strength (dBm) is the basic requirement for guaranteed service. However, the service is not

guaranteed to be good, even the signal quality is strong. Signal strength will finally be converted to SNR

(signal-to-noise ratio, ie the difference between signal and noise, in dB), and then reflect on user

experience.

How to understand the signal-to-noise ratio? For example, when you are at home, you can talk softly and

whispering, but in a pop concert, you have to talk loudly to the person even next to you. The reason is,

often times, and even if the signal is strong, but the background noise is also high, communication is still

hard. Even more, this company has three floors, and all floors are deployed in a high density, while no RF

power and channel planning were done!

When the network is put into operation, where does the noise come from?

Some of them come from some wireless devices, such as microwave ovens, Bluetooth phones, and non-

Wi-Fi co-frequency networks such as frequency hopping wireless networks, and radar interference, but

many of them are derived from the "Friends Wi-Fi Network" and the system in the system. The same-

frequency and adjacent-frequency interference of the manufacturer's Wi-Fi network can also be subdivided

into inter-AP interference, inter-terminal interference, and interference between terminals and APs,

especially in multi-user and multi-path environments.

How to Plan Deployment

How to carry out reasonable planning and design?

For wireless LAN, the key is to increase the channel multiplexing efficiency and air interface utilization

efficiency, thereby reducing media competition and radio frequency interference. The specific operation

requires two steps:

First Step: Plan Efficient Channel Multiplexing and Minimize Channel Sharing

What is channel multiplexing?

Channel multiplexing is the use of non-overlapping channels for coverage to reduce the behavior of co-

channel interference. Since the wireless spectrum resources are not infinite, it is necessary to use the

channel (or channel combination) multiple times when implementing full coverage of the wireless network

in enterprise deployment.

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Grandstream Wireless Product Deployment Guide

In the United States, for example, there are only 3 non-overlapping channels (CH1/CH6/CH11) in the 2.4

GHz band, and the resources are more abundant in the 5 GHz band. Under normal circumstances, there

are 9 non-overlapping channels, respectively CH36/CH40/CH44/CH48, and CH149/CH153/CH157/

CH161/CH165.

However, in a high-density deployment, more than usual numbers of APs are required to offer connection

to a large number of clients in a certain area.

In this case, efficient channel multiplexing is basically impossible to achieve on the 2.4GHz spectrum and

can only be realized at 5 GHz with rich spectrum resources. Therefore, in a high-density environment, in

order to improve the user experience, the 2.4G frequency band is often shut down to prevent user

access.

Figure 2 below is a schematic diagram of efficient channel multiplexing. AP1 and AP2 use the same

frequency CH42 channel (that is, the center channel frequency of the 80MHz channel width). If the two APs

can detect each other, they share the same channel and cannot transmit data at the same time.

However, the coverage of the two APs does not overlap, so the two APs will not hear each other. Therefore,

the client connected to AP1 and Client2 connected to the same frequency of AP2 can simultaneously send

to their respective APs. Data does not affect each other.

This picture down below is also a good example of channel multiplexing. In real deployment, channel

usages should be planned in such principle.

Figure 2: Schematic Diagram of Efficient Channel Multiplexing

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Grandstream Wireless Product Deployment Guide

How to achieve an efficient channel multiplexing of dense microcells deployment? There are few methods:

•Control the transmit power of the AP on a minimum level, as long as AP transmit power can cover

the size of the planned cell.

•Turn off low data rates support, that is turning off 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps (without 802.11b) data rates. In

a scenario where it is particularly necessary to control the size of the coverage cell, in addition to

turning off the 802.11b rate, the number of 11ag management frames is limited to a minimum of 18

Mbps (or even 24 Mbps). It is actually limiting the AP's cell size by controlling the lowest data

connection rate (this feature will be supported in GWN future version).

It should be noted that this feature will affect the connection efficiency of clients from a distance away of

the AP. This should only be considered when deploying the network at a high-density case without far

distance connection requirement. Generally, the Wi-Fi network does not need to do this.

•In some specific scenarios, we can use buildings (eg, concrete thick walls, elevator shafts, pillars,

or natural partitions such as large landscapes) to control the main lobe energy radiation of the

wireless channel and let unintended direction of the target's wireless energy attenuates rapidly, in

order to complete the efficient multiplexing of the channel, prevent the omnidirectional antenna

from spreading the signal everywhere, and reduce the possibility of co-channel interference.

Second Step: Improve the Air Interface Efficiency in a Single Channel Coverage Cell

To improve the efficiency of the air interface is actually to establish a higher data rate connection between

the client and AP.

The client does not always establish the highest data connection rate anywhere within the coverage cell.

Since 802.11 protocol dynamically adjusts the data rate established between client and AP to adapt the

changing wireless environment. The farther the client is away from the AP, the lower the data rate can be

established. Modulation mode always considers redundancy prior to performance.

Therefore, the most important thing for this case is to examine the location and behavior of target clients,

and plan a reasonable AP installation place, so that clients can get as close as possible to the AP.

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Grandstream Wireless Product Deployment Guide

Significance of Radio Signal Parameter

Wireless networks have been closely integrated with people's lives, work, and entertainment. However,

users of WLAN wireless networks may think that wireless network should have the same stable as wired

networks.

In fact, evaluating the performance of a wireless network is very different from evaluating the performance

of a wired network. For example, if your laptop is connected to a wired network switch through a network

cable, the data connection rate between the links is 1000Mbps, then you will use the performance test tool

to test the throughput of the physical link will basically get the same result, the physical layer efficiency is

above 90%, and very stable. However, if your laptop is connected to the AP wirelessly, the data rate of the

link may show 1300Mbps, but what the result will be if you run a throughput test tool?

You may only get about 65%, and this throughput result is only based on 1 on 1 connection between AP

and client. As the number of terminals/clients increases, the aggregate throughput of all clients will continue

to decline. The reasons for this phenomenon are:

1. Objective factors such as unstable and unreliable air media;

2. The wireless network uses the CSMA/CA mechanism for access, and data collision and access

retreat are common events;

3. The MAC layer uses an acknowledgment mechanism so that data retransmission is inevitable;

4. In order to be compatible with old terminals such as 802.11a/n, the physical layer design increases

the overhead of the leader

The 802.11 protocol exchanges a large amount of system overhead for reliability of the data transmission.

In addition, the diversity of the clients will also cause a huge difference in system throughput.

Let’s say we have an 802.11ac supported AP with three spatial streams is deployed on the 80MHz channel,

and when the client also with three spatial streams (usually a laptop) connected, a 1300 Mbps connection

data rate can be negotiated. But when a client (a smartphone or tablet) with single spatial stream connects

to the AP, you can only establish a connection with data rate of 433 Mbps. Obviously, the huge difference

in peak throughput between the two will affect the performance of the entire system.

In short, to ensure the performance and user experience of the wireless network. Its planning, design, and

maintenance are very different from wired networks. So what parameters or key factors we need to focus

on in wireless deployment?

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Grandstream Wireless Product Deployment Guide

SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio)

For the client, the most important indicator to evaluate its performance is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Following SNR, we can focus on the received signal strength and retransmission rate.

The signal-to-noise ratio is the difference between the signal and the noise floor. The larger the difference

is, the better the signal quality will be. For example, if a client receives a signal strength of -65dBm, while

the noise floor is -92dBm, the signal-to-noise ratio is -65dBm-(-92dBm)=27dB.

If the received signal strength of the client is -60dBm, the noise floor is -80dBm, and the signal-to-noise

ratio is -60dBm-(-80dBm)=20dB. Although the received signal strength of the second example is stronger,

its signal quality is poor.

We often encounter a misunderstanding that the stronger the signal, the better the signal quality, which is

a wrong impression. The stronger signal does not necessarily mean a better performance, and at the same

the noise is often stronger. The result is poor signal-to-noise ratio and poor signal quality.

It’s SNR that determines what channel bandwidth can be used, how many spatial streams, and what

modulation method is going to be used. All these will determine the data rate of your connection. That is,

the use of 80MHz channel width requires a much higher signal-to-noise ratio than the 20MHz channel width.

Establishing three-space stream communication requires a higher signal-to-noise ratio than establishing a

single spatial stream. And the same applies to the modulation method upon SNR requirement.

Furthermore, to establish a high data connection rate for traditional 802.11a/g clients and APs, 20 dB of

SNR is generally required; 25 dB is required for 802.11n; and 30 dB or more is required for 802.11ac.

In general, you can follow the following guidelines to determine your SNR number readings:

1. SNR > 40 dB, signal quality is excellent, client can always associate with AP, and the highest data

connection rate can be established;

2. SNR between 25-40 dB, signal quality is good, client can always associate with AP to establish a

high data connection rate.

3. SNR between 15-25 dB, signal quality is OK, client can always be associated with AP, and a good

data connection rate can be established;

4. SNR between 10-15 dB, signal quality is fair, client can be associated with AP but with a low data

connection rate;

5. SNR between 0-10 dB, signal quality is poor, client and AP can hardly associate each other.

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