Keysight Technologies U9361C Manuale utente

Keysight Technologies

U9361C/F/G/M RCal Receiver Calibrator

Measurement

Guide

Notices

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Keysight Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but

not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

Keysight Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or

consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Manual Part Number

U9361-90003

Edition

Edition 1, October 2022

Supersedes: February 2022

Printed in USA

Published by:

Keysight Technologies, Inc.

1400 Fountaingrove Parkway

Santa Rosa, CA 95403

U9361C/F/G/M RCal Receiver Calibrator Measurement Guide 3

What you will find in this Measurement Guide

Overview of RCal ........................................................................................................... page 4

RCal I/O ......................................................................................................................... page 5

USB Power & Control ............................................................................................... page 5

External 10 MHz Reference ..................................................................................... page 5

RF Output..................................................................................................................page 6

LED Indicators on RCal Module.....................................................................................page 7

RCal Software – Configuration ..................................................................................... page 8

Left-Panel Controls.................................................................................................. page 9

Configuration Table Overview................................................................................ page 10

RCal Configuration Table – Parameters................................................................ page 11

RCal Software – Calibration and Application............................................................. page 15

Running a Calibration ............................................................................................ page 15

Applying a Calibration ........................................................................................... page 16

Errors, Warnings, and Status................................................................................. page 17

Correcting State Mismatches ................................................................................ page 17

Best RCal Configuration Practices ........................................................................ page 17

Multiple SA Input Ports and RCal Modules........................................................... page 18

How to Utilize Match State.................................................................................... page 18

Multiple Rows, Overlap, and Dual Corrections ..................................................... page 18

Key Steps for Every RCal Calibration .................................................................... page 19

Demonstrations ........................................................................................................... page 20

Demo #1 – Simple Magnitude Calibration............................................................ page 22

Demo #2 – Magnitude Cal with Source Control, Multiple States ........................ page 28

Demo #3 – Complex Cal: Improving EVM in a 128 QAM Signal .......................... page 36

Demo #4 - Using RCal with the 89600 VSA Software.......................................... page 43

Demo #5 - RCal vs. Power Sensor Accuracy........................................................ page 47

Demo #6 - Using RCal as a CW Source and Comb Generator............................ page 54

Programming with MATLAB page 57

Magnitude Calibration and Comparison with Use Current Meas ........................ page 57

Calibration Table Setup for VMA ........................................................................... page 58

Appendix: Connector Care.......................................................................................... page 61

Resources .................................................................................................................... page 63

4 U9361C/F/G/M RCal Receiver Calibrator Measurement Guide

Overview of RCal

The U9361x RCal Receiver Calibrator provides accurate signal analysis at a remote measurement

plane when using an X-Series Signal Analyzer. This integrated solution allows you to correct for

signal path and analyzer magnitude and phase errors to provide a more accurate measurement of

your transmitter under test. This measurement guide provides the following resources for best

success when using RCal:

— Initial RCal setup, including connector care and an overview of RCal’s I/O.

—OverviewoftheRCalCalibration graphical user interface (GUI).

— Demonstrations of both magnitude and complex corrections that highlight the most important

RCal measurement practices.

— MATLAB scripts for RCal configuration and application.

Requirements

— X-Series Signal Analyzer Software Rev A.27.05 or higher (A.29.01 or higher recommended)

— U9361Y_RCL license installed on X-Series Signal Analyzer (two licenses come with each RCal

unit, and additional upgrade options are available as U9361YU_RCL)

— X-Series Signal Analyzer (N9020B, N9021B, N9030B, N9032B, N9040B, N9041B, N9042B) To

use the N9020B with RCal, you will need option DP2, MPB, or B40.

— Various signal generators. You can perform all demonstrations using either an N5173B, N5183B,

or any model of the N519xA UXG. Additional models can be used for demos 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Refer to each Demo for specific requirements.

— Option CPX adds magnitude/phase for IF flatness calibration.

Available RCal Models and Options

Model Frequency Range Connector Type

U9361C 10 MHz – 26.5 GHz 3.5 mm male (option MMM) or

3.5 mm female (option MMF)

U9361F 10 MHz – 50 GHz 2.4 mm male (option MMM) or

2.4 mm female (option MMF)

U9361G 10 MHz - 67 GHz 1.85 mm male (option MMM) or

1.85 mm female (option MMF)

U9361M 10 MHz – 110 GHz 1.0 mm male (option MMM)

U9361C/F/G/M RCal Receiver Calibrator Measurement Guide 5

RCal I/O

The typical RCal use case requires three connections: USB Power & Control, Ext Ref In, and RF Out.

USB Power & Control

RCal has a USB Type-C connector, which must be connected to the signal analyzer for both power

and control. Since RCal needs ample current to operate correctly, be sure to use one of the

following ports:

— The signal analyzer front-panel USB 2.0 port, marked with a lightning bolt symbol (bottom front

panel USB connector closest to RF input connector) or marked in blue (for the N9042B).

— A signal analyzer rear-panel USB 3.0 port, identified with “SS” or having a blue connector.

When plugged in, the RCal module will boot up, accompanied by an LED boot sequence. When

boot-up is complete, the LEDs will settle to Status = Green. For more information about RCal’s LED

codes, see “LED Indicators on RCal Module” on page 7.

External 10 MHz Reference

RCal’s signals are synthesized from an internal 100 MHz clock. For the best possible measurement

accuracy, it is recommended that RCal be connected to the external 10 MHz Ref Out from the

signal analyzer, or another reference that both RCal and the analyzer are locked to. The default

setting of the RCal is Ref = External.

6 U9361C/F/G/M RCal Receiver Calibrator Measurement Guide

RCal I/O

RF Output

The RF Output connector on the RCal module is the physical point where the calibration data

applies.

An adapter may be needed between the RCal output and test port where calibration is desired. Use

the shortest and highest quality connectors possible. Mismatch errors can be reduced with small

fixed attenuators, such as a 6 dB attenuator.

Higher frequencies require smaller connector geometries, such as 1 mm. To avoid damaging these

fragile connectors, please follow the recommendations in “Appendix: Connector Care” on page 61.

U9361C/F/G/M RCal Receiver Calibrator Measurement Guide 7

LED Indicators on RCal Module

At startup, all LEDs on the RCal will blink with the firmware revision code and sequence through

three colors. If problems occur on startup, the LED pattern may indicate self-test codes for use by

support experts. Contact Keysight customer support, via email, at csg.servicedesk@keysight.com

if you encounter any issues.

After startup, the LEDs indicate the following status messages:

Status LED RF Out LED 10 MHz Ref LED

Off = No USB Connection Off = No RF Output Off: Internal Reference Used

Green = On, Ready, Stable

Green Blink = Busy

Green = RF Out On Green = External Ref locked successfully

Amber Blink = Temperature

Unstable (during warm-up period) - -

Red = USB Power Failure

Red Blink = Processor Error

Red Blink = USB Power Failure Red Blink = External Ref unlocked

Blue Blink = Self Identification - -

8 U9361C/F/G/M RCal Receiver Calibrator Measurement Guide

RCal Software – Configuration

The RCal controls can be accessed in the X-Series application by selecting Input/Output,

Calibration, Configuration. If this tab is missing, then the instrument is most likely using an older

software revision, missing a license, or is unsupported. (See “Available RCal Models and Options”

on page 4).

This section provides an overview of how to perform the RCal configuration, calibration, and

application.

RCal calibrations are created and applied within the calibration configuration window.

U9361C/F/G/M RCal Receiver Calibrator Measurement Guide 9

RCal Software – Configuration

Left-Panel Controls

Cal Group: Stores and groups combinations of user-created calibration states. This is useful for

test setups involving multiple external paths that multiplex into a single output; each path may

need its own individual calibration. The desired Cal Group can be specified here.

Cal Input: Specifies the desired input for instruments that have more than one input. Each Cal

Group can only support one Cal Input at the same time. If multiple inputs are desired, create a

Cal Group for each input.

Calibrate Checked Rows: Starts the RCal calibrations for each selected row according to all

user-specified parameters. (See “Configuration Table Overview” on page 10 for information on

how to set calibration parameters).

Copy From Cal Group: Allows you to import Cal Group settings into the current Cal Group. This

is useful for calibrating text fixtures that use the same parameters across multiple signal paths.

Apply Cal Group: Applies all active calibration states for the selected Cal Group.

Select Calibrator: Selects the RCal module for use. A single signal analyzer can have multiple

RCal modules connected to different ports, but only one module can be used and controlled at a

time. The RCal Model and Serial numbers will appear below this tab.

RCal Reference: Selects whether RCal is using its internal 100 MHz clock or is locked to an

external 10 MHz reference. The default (and strongly recommended) setting is to use an external

reference in order to synchronize the RCal module with the signal analyzer for complex

calibrations.

Identify RCal Module: Identifies the active RCal module. If multiple RCal modules are

connected to the signal analyzer, touching this key will cause LEDs on the active unit to flash.

10 U9361C/F/G/M RCal Receiver Calibrator Measurement Guide

RCal Software – Configuration

RCal Status: Opens the RCal status and error message dialogue. See “Errors, Warnings, and

Status” on page 17 for more details.

Configuration Table Overview

The RCal configuration table is where you define the measurement parameters for your RCal

correction. The table is initially empty. Click on Insert Row below, or Use Current Meas1(located at

the top of the configuration window), to start populating the table.

The simplest and fastest configuration option is to define one, single state (row). If you anticipate

the need to make measurements that involve changing the analyzer’s state, you can provide ranges

within a row or define additional rows within the same Cal Group. Calibrating for multiple states will

require a longer calibration time, but allows for the RCal to match a wider range of states.

Rows

A row contains a collection of settings or ranges for RCal operation. A row is linked to the analyzer’s

settings or “state” which can be viewed as an internal path through the analyzer. The row with a

blue border is active for editing. To change the active editing row, use the Go to Row button or

touch/click within the desired row. The Insert, Duplicate, and Delete buttons operate on the active

row.

Columns

The columns contain the state settings or ranges that RCal needs for calibration. Some column

groups allow you to define a range of settings; e.g. Frequency and Attenuation have

Start/Stop/Step parameters. Other columns contain On/Off settings or provide a drop-down table

of options, such as for IF Path or μW Path Ctrl. If you want to calibrate more than one of these

choices, add another row and select each alternative in separate rows.

1. Use Current Meas automatically populates the Cal Row using parameters from the current X-Series Signal

Analyzer application. This feature is supported by the Signal Analyzer mode and many others, but it is not

supported by every X-Series Signal Analyzer application.

Not all columns fit on the display screen. Use a finger or mouse to grab

the scroll bar (just below the bottom of the active row) and scroll to the

left, or right to see all columns.

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