Linear Technology DC2048A Manuale utente

dc2048afb

DEMO MANUAL DC2048A

Description

LTC3330EUH

Nanopower Buck-Boost DC/DC with

Energy Harvesting Battery Life Extender

Demonstration Circuit 2048A is a nanopower buck-

boost DC/DC with energy harvesting battery life extender

featuring the LT C

3330. The LTC3330 integrates a high

voltage energy harvesting power supply plus a DC/DC

converter powered by a primary cell battery to create a

single output supply for alternative energy applications.

The energy harvesting power supply, consisting of an

integrated low-loss full-wave bridge with a high voltage

buck converter, harvests energy from piezoelectric, solar

or magnetic sources. The primary cell input powers a

buck-boost converter capable of operating down to 1.8V

at its input. Either DC/DC converter can deliver energy to

a single output. The buck operates when harvested energy

is available, reducing the quiescent current drawn on the L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks and Dust

is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their

respective owners.

BoarD photo

battery to essentially zero. The buck-boost takes over

when harvested energy goes away.

A low noise LDO post regulator and a supercapacitor

balancer are also integrated, accommodating a wide range

of output storage configurations.

Voltage and current settings for both input and outputs

are programmable via pin-strapped logic inputs.

The LTC3330EUH is available in a 5mm × 5mm 32-lead

QFN surface mount package with exposed pad.

Design files for this circuit board are available at

http://www.linear.com/demo/DC2048A

Figure 1. DC2048A Demo Board

Figure 2. Typical Efficiency of DC2048A.

Buck Efficiency vs ILOAD

ILOAD (A)

EFFICIENCY (%)

DC2048A F02

100

01µ 10µ 10m 100m1m100µ

VOUT = 1.8V

VOUT = 2.5V

VOUT = 3.3V

VOUT = 5V

VIN = 6V, L = 22µH, DCR = 0.19Ω

dc2048afb

DEMO MANUAL DC2048A

performance summary

Specifications are at TA= 25°C

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN MAX UNITS

VIN Input Voltage Range 3.0 18.0 V

VBAT Battery Voltage Range 1.8 5.5 V

VOUT 1.8V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 0, OUT1 = 0, OUT2 = 0 1.728 1.872 V

VOUT 2.5V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 1, OUT1 = 0, OUT2 = 0 2.425 2.575 V

VOUT 2.8V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 0, OUT1 = 1, OUT2 = 0 2.716 2.884 V

VOUT 3.0V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 1, OUT1 = 1, OUT2 = 0 2.910 3.090 V

VOUT 3.3V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 0, OUT1 = 0, OUT2 = 1 3.200 3.400 V

VOUT 3.6V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 1, OUT1 = 0, OUT2 = 1 3.492 3.708 V

VOUT 4.5V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 0, OUT1 = 1, OUT2 = 1 4.365 4.635 V

VOUT 5.0V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 1, OUT1 = 1, OUT2 = 1 4.850 5.150 V

LDO 1.2V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 0, LDO1 = 0, LDO2 = 0 1.176 1.224 V

LDO 1.5V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 1, LDO1 = 0, LDO2 = 0 1.470 1.530 V

LDO 1.8V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 0, LDO1 = 1, LDO2 = 0 1.764 1.836 V

LDO 2.0V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 1, LDO1 = 1, LDO2 = 0 1.960 2.040 V

LDO 2.5V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 0, LDO1 = 0, LDO2 = 1 2.450 2.550 V

LDO 3.0V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 1, LDO1 = 0 ,LDO2 = 1 2.940 3.060 V

LDO 3.3V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 0, LDO1 = 1, LDO2 = 1 3.234 3.366 V

LDO LD0_IN LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 1, LDO1 = 1, LDO2 = 1 LDO_IN V

Refer to the block diagram within the LTC3330 data sheet

for its operating principle.

The LTC3330 combines a buck switching regulator and

a buck-boost switching regulator to produce an energy

harvestingsolutionwithbattery backup. The converters are

controlled by a prioritizer that selects which converter to

use based on the availability of abattery and/or harvestable

energy. If harvested energy is available, the buck regula-

tor is active and the buck-boost is off. With an optional

LDO and supercapacitor balancer and an array of different

configurations, the LTC3330 suits many applications.

The synchronous buck converter is an ultralow quiescent

currentpowersupplytailoredtoenergyharvestingapplica-

tions. It is designed to interface directly to a piezoelectric

or alternative A/C energy source, rectify and store the har-

vested energy on an external capacitor while maintaining a

regulated output voltage. It can also bleed off any excess

input power via an internal protective shunt regulator.

An internal full-wave bridge rectifier accessible via AC1

and AC2 inputs, rectifies AC sources such as those from

a piezoelectric element. The rectified output is stored on

a capacitor at the VIN pin and can be used as an energy

reservoir for the buck converter. The bridge rectifier has

a total drop of about 800mV at typical piezo-generated

currents, but is capable of carrying up to 50mA.

When the voltage on VIN rises above the UVLO rising

threshold the buck converter is enabled and charge is

transferred from the input capacitor to the output capaci-

tor. When the input capacitor voltage is depleted below

the UVLO falling threshold the buck converter is disabled.

These thresholds can be set according to Table 4 of the

data sheet which offers UVLO rising thresholds from 4V

to 18V with large or small hysteresis windows.

Tw o internalrails,CAPandVIN2,aregeneratedfromVIN and

are used to drive the high side PMOS and low side NMOS

of the buck converter, respectively. Additionally the VIN2

operating principle

dc2048afb

DEMO MANUAL DC2048A

rail serves as logic high for output voltage select bits UV

[3:0]. The VIN2 rail is regulated at 4.8V above GND while

the CAP rail is regulated at 4.8V below VIN. These are not

intended to be used as external rails. Bypass capacitors

should be connected to the CAP and VIN2 pins to serve

as energy reservoirs for driving the buck switches. When

VIN is below 4.8V, VIN2 is equal to VIN and CAP is held

at GND. VIN3 is an internal rail used by the buck and the

buck-boost. When the LTC3330 runs the buck, VIN3 will

be a Schottky diode drop below VIN2. When it runs as a

buck-boost VIN3 is equal to BAT.

The buck regulator uses a hysteretic voltage algorithm

to control the output through internal feedback from the

VOUT sense pin. The buck converter charges an output

capacitorthrough an inductor to avalue slightly higher than

the regulation point. It does this by ramping the inductor

current up to 250mA through an internal PMOS switch and

then ramping it down to 0mA through an internal NMOS

switch. When the buck brings the output voltage into

regulation, the converter enters a low quiescent current

sleep state that monitors the output voltage with a sleep

comparator. During this operating mode, load current is

provided by the buck output capacitor. When the output

voltage falls below the regulation point, the buck regulator

wakes up and the cycle repeats. This hysteretic method of

providingaregulatedoutput reduceslossesassociated with

FET switching and maintains an output at light loads. The

buck delivers a minimum of 100mA average load current

when it is switching. VOUT can be set from 1.8V to 5.0V

via the output voltage select bits OUT [2:0] according to

Table 1 of the data sheet.

The buck-boost uses the same hysteretic algorithm as

the buck to control the output, VOUT, with the same sleep

comparator. The buck-boosthas three modes of operation;

buck, buck-boost and boost. An internal mode compara-

tor determines the mode of operation based on BAT and

VOUT. In each mode, the inductor current ramps up to

IPEAK which is programmable via IPK [2:0]. See Table 3

of the data sheet.

An integrated low drop out regulator (LDO) is available

with its own input, LDO_IN. It will regulate LDO_OUT to

seven different output voltages based on the LDO [2:0]

selectionbits according to Table 2 of the data sheet. A mode

is provided to turn the LDO into a current-limited switch in

which the PMOS is always on. LDO_EN enables the LDO

when high and when low, eliminates all quiescent current

into LDO_IN. The LDO is designed to provide 50mA over

a range of LDO_IN and LDO_OUT combinations. The LDO

also features a 1ms soft-start for smooth output start-up.

Power good comparators, PGVOUT and PGLDO, produce

a logic high referenced to highest of VIN2, BAT and VOUT

less a Schottky diode drop. PGVOUT and PGLDO will

transition high the first time the respective converter

reaches the programmed sleep threshold, signaling that

the output is in regulation. The pin will remain high until

the voltage falls to 92% of the desired regulated voltage.

An integrated supercapacitor balancer with 165nA of

quiescent current is available to balance a stack of two

supercapacitors. Typically the input, SCAP, will be tied to

VOUT to allow for increased energy storage at VOUT with

supercapacitors. The BAL pin is tied to the middle of the

stack and can source or sink 10mA to regulate the BAL

pin’s voltage to half that of the SCAP voltage. To disable

the balancer and its associated quiescent current, the

SCAP and BAL pins can be tied to ground.

operating principle

dc2048afb

DEMO MANUAL DC2048A

Quick start proceDure

Using short twisted pair leads for any power connections,

with all loads and power supplies off, refer to Figure 3 for

the proper measurement and equipment setup.

Follow the procedure below:

1. BeforeconnectingPS1 to the DC2048A, PS1 must have

its current limit set to 300mA and PS2 must have its

current limit set to 500mA. For most power supplies

with a current limit adjustment feature the procedure

to set the current limit is as follows. Turn the voltage

and current adjustment to minimum. Short the output

terminalsandturnthe voltage adjustment to maximum.

Adjust the current limit to 300mA for PS1 and 500mA

for PS2. Turn the voltage adjustment to minimum and

remove the short between the output terminals. The

power supply is now current limited to 300mA and

500mA respectively.

Verify that there is not a battery installed in the BH1

battery holder.

2. Initial Jumper, PS and LOAD settings:

JP1 = 0 JP2 = 0 JP3 = 0 JP4 = 0

JP5 = 0 JP6 = 0 JP7 = 0

JP8 = 0 JP9 = 0 JP10 = 0

JP11 = OFF

PS1 = OFF PS2 = OFF

LOAD1 = OFF LOAD2 = OFF

3. Connect PS1 to the VIN terminals, then turn on PS1

and slowly increase voltage to 2.0V while monitoring

the input current. If the current remains less than 5mA,

increase PS1 to 5.0V.

4. Set LOAD1 to 50mA. Verify voltage on VOUT is within

the VOUT 1.8V range in Table 1. Verify that the output

ripple voltage is between 20mV and 60mV. Verify that

PGVOUT is high. Decrease LOAD1 to 5mA.Verify that

PGVOUT is high. Decrease PS1 to 0V.

5. Set JP1, JP2, JP3, JP4 to 1. Slowly increase PS1 to

16V and verify that VOUT is off. Increase PS1 to 19V

and verify that VOUT is within the VOUT 1.8V range of

Table 1.

6. Decrease PS1 to 0V and disconnect PS1 from VIN. Set

the current limit of PS1 to 25mA as described above.

7. Connect PS1 to AC1 and slowly increase PS1 volt-

age to 2.0V while monitoring the input current. If the

current remains less than 5mA, increase PS1 to 19V.

Verify voltage on VOUT is within the VOUT 1.8V range in

Table 1.Decrease PS1 to 0V, swap the AC1 connection

to AC2 and repeat the test. Decrease PS1 to 0V and

disconnect PS1 from AC2.

8. Set JP5 to 1, JP6 to 1, and JP7 to 1. Connect PS1 to

the VIN turret. Increase PS1 to 19V and set LOAD1 to

50mA. Verify voltage on VOUT is within the VOUT 5.0V

range in Table 1. Verify that the output ripple voltage is

between 20mV to 60mV. Set PS1 to 0V and disconnect

PS1.

9. Set JP1 to 1; JP2, JP3, JP4 and JP5 to 0; JP6 and JP7

to 1; PS1 to 0V and disconnectPS1. Connect PS2 to the

BAT Terminals, then turn on PS2 and slowly increase

voltage to 1.0V while monitoring the input current. If

the current remains less than 5mA, increase PS2 to

2.0V. Verify voltage on VOUT is within the VOUT 3.0V

range in Table 1. Verify that the output ripple voltage

is between 20mV to 60mV.

10. Increase PS2 to 3.0V. Verify voltage on VOUT is within

the VOUT 3.0V range in Table 1. Verify that the output

ripple voltage is between 20mV to 60mV.

11. Increase PS2 to 5.0V. Verify voltage on VOUT is within

the VOUT 3.0V range in Table 1. Verify that the output

ripple voltage is between 20mV to 60mV. Decrease

PS2 to 0V and disconnect PS2.

12. Set the current limit of PS1 to 300mA as described

above. Connect PS1 to the VIN terminals. Set JP5 to

1, JP6 to 1 and JP7 to 1. Set PS1 to 14V.Connect a

jumper lead from VOUT to LDO_IN. Verify that LDO is

off. Move JP11 jumper to EN and verify that LDO_OUT

is now 1.2V. Increase Load 2 to 50mA and verify than

LDO is within the 1.2V range in Table 1. Verify that

PGLDO is high.

13. Set JP8 to 1, JP9 to 1, JP10 to 1, verify that LDO_OUT

is slightly below VOUT. Verify that PGLDO is low.

dc2048afb

DEMO MANUAL DC2048A

Quick start proceDure

14. Add a jumper lead from VOUT to SCAP. Verify that BAL

is approximately ½ of VOUT.

15. Set JP8 to 0, JP9 to 0 and JP10 to 0 and verify that

LDO_OUT is now 1.2V. Quickly remove PS1 + lead

from VIN and verify that LDO_OUT remains at 1.2V

for approximately 5 seconds.

16. Turn off PS1, PS2, LOAD1 and LOAD2.

Figure 3. Proper Measurement Equipment Setup

dc2048afb

DEMO MANUAL DC2048A

connection to a Dust mote (Dc9003a-B)

Remove the battery from the BH1 holder on the bottom

side of the DC2048A. Attach a Dust mote to J1 of the

DC2048A, refer to Figure 4 for the proper setup. J1 is a

keyed connector and is connected to the left side of the

P1 connector on the Dust mote. Figure 12 is a schematic

of the Dust mote and the DC2048A interconnections plus

three extra connections which; 1) connect the SCAP to

VOUT, 2) connect BAL to the middle of the supercapacitors

and 3) connect EH_ON to OUT2. The DC2048A contains

NC7SZ58P6X universal configurable 2-input logic gates

that are input voltage tolerant and allow level shifting

between the LTC3330 and the Dust mote.

On the DC2048A set JP1 to 0, JP2 to 0, JP3 to 1, JP4 to

0, JP5 to 1, JP6 to 0, JP7 to 0, JP8, JP9 and JP10 to 0,

JP11 to OFF.

Piezoelectric Transducer Evaluation

Mount a series connected MIDE V25W to a vibration

source and connect the electrical connections to the

AC1 and AC2 turrets. Activate the vibration source to

an acceleration of 1G and a frequency of 60Hz. Figure 5

shows an open circuit voltage of 10.6V for the Mide V25W

piezoelectric device that was tuned to 60Hz. In order to

set the VIN_UVLO_RISING and VIN_UVLO_FALLING

thresholds, the open circuit voltage of the piezoelectric

device must be measured. The internal bridge network of

the LTC3330 will have approximately 800mV drop at an

input current of 300µA.

The peak power load voltage of a purely resistive source

is at one half (½) of the rectified no load voltage. In this

case, the optimal average input voltage regulation level

would be 4.9V. Using a VIN_UVLO_RISING threshold of

6V and a VIN_UVLO_FALLING threshold of 5V(UV3 = 0,

UV2 = 0, UV1 = 1, UV0 = 0) yields an average input voltage

close to the theoretical optimal voltage.

Figure 4. DC2048A with Dust™ Mote

dc2048afb

DEMO MANUAL DC2048A

Figure 5. MIDE V25W Open Circuit AC Voltage

with 1grms, 60Hz Acceleration Applied

connection to a Dust mote (Dc9003a-B)

Figure 7. Mide V25W Charging the 18µF Input

Capacitance from 4.48V to 5.92V in 208ms

Figure 6 is a plot of the output power and load voltage

of the V25W piezoelectric transducer into a 42.2kΩ load

for various rms acceleration levels. The output power

compares well with the input power that is charging CIN

during the sleep cycle between VIN_UVLO_FALLING and

VIN_UVLO_RISING thresholds at an acceleration force of

1grms, shown in Figure 7.

In Figure 7, the input capacitor is being recharged from

the V25W piezoelectric transducer. The input capacitor is

charging from 4.48V to 5.92V in 208 milli-seconds. The

power delivered from the V25W is 648µW.

Assuming that the circuit is configured as shown in

Figure 8, it will take a significant amount of time for the

piezo transducer to charge the 0.09F supercapacitor on

the output of the LTC3330. As used above, the 22µF input

capacitor is only 18µF at an applied voltage of 5V, so

every VIN_UVLO_RISING and FALLING event produces

26 micro-coulombs [(5.92V– 4.48V) • 18µF)] that may be

transferredfromthe input capacitor to the

outputcapacitor,

minus the losses of the buck regulator in the LTC3330.

The buck regulator efficiency is approximately 90% at VIN

equal to 5V and VOUT between 2.5V and 3.6V. Thus, for

every UVLO event, 23.3 microcoulombs are added to the

outputsupercapacitor. Given a0.09Foutput supercapacitor

charging to 3.6V, 324 millicoulombs are required to fully

chargethesupercapacitor.Assumingnoadditionalload on

the output, it takes 13,906 (.324/23.3e-6) UVLO events to

charge the output supercapacitor to 3.6V. From Figure 7, it

can be observed that each VIN_UVLO event takes 208ms

so the total time to charge the output capacitor from 0V

to 3.6V will be greater than 2900s. Figure 9 shows the no

load charging of the output supercapacitor, which takes

approximately 3300s. The above calculation neglects the

lower efficiency at low output voltages and the time it

takes to transfer the energy from the input capacitor to

the output supercapacitor so predicting the actual value

within –12% is to be expected.

Figure 6. Mide V25W Output Power Into a 42.2kΩ Load

with 1grms, 60Hz Acceleration Applied to the Mide V25W

Piezoelectric Transducer, [√2 • sin(2π • 60Hz • t)]

1ms/DIV DC2048A F05

VAC

OC 10

FORGE (g)

POWER (µW)

LOAD VOLTAGE (VRMS)

DC2048A F02

700

600

400

500

200

100

300

0.25 0.375 0.75 0.875 10.6250.5

POWER (µW)

LOAD VOLTAGE (VRMS)

42.2k LOAD 60Hz

455µs/DIV DC2048A F07

BH_ON

5V/DIV

VOUT

1V/DIV

VIN

2V/DIV

dc2048afb

DEMO MANUAL DC2048A

connection to a Dust mote (Dc9003a-B)

Figure 8. LTC3330 Circuit Charging Supercapacitor

at No Load without a Battery (VOUT = 3.6V)

Figure 9. Scope Shots of LTC3330 Charging

Supercapacitor at No Load without a Battery

(VOUT = 3.6V)

PIEZO

MIDE V25W

1µF

4.7µF, 6.3V

GND

LTC3330

DC2048A F08

AC1

VIN

CAP

VIN2

BAT

IPK2

IPK1

IPK0

UV3

UV2

UV1

UV0

OUT2

AC2

SWA

22µH

SWB

VOUT

SCAP

BAL

OUT1

OUT0

EH_ON

PGVOUT

VIN3

22µF

25V

22µF

1µF

180mF

2.5V

180mF

2.5V

HZ202F

100µF

10V

500s/DIV DC2048A F09

EH_ON

5V/DIV

VOUT

2V/DIV

VIN

2V/DIV

dc2048afb

DEMO MANUAL DC2048A

connection to a Dust mote (Dc9003a-B)

Figure 10. LTC3330 Circuit with a Supercapacitor, a Battery Installed

and a Pulsed Load Applied (VOUT = 3.6V)

Figure 11. Charging a Supercapacitor with a Battery Installed and a

Pulsed Load (VOUT = 3.6V)

Figure 10 shows the LTC3330 with a supercapacitor on

the output, a battery installed and the output voltage set

to 3.6V. The scope shots in Figure 11 were taken after

applying a pulsed load of 15mA for 10ms. With the battery

attached and a pulsed load applied, the EH_ON signal will

switch back and forth from high to low every time the

VIN voltage transitions from the VIN_UVLO_RISING to

VIN_UVLO_FALLING threshold. When the pulsed load is

applied, the output capacitor is depleted slightly and the

input capacitor must recharge the output cap. Because the

inputcapacitanceis much less than the output capacitance,

theinput capacitor will gothroughmany UVLO transitions to

charge the output capacitor back up to the sleep threshold.

Once the output is charged to the output sleep threshold,

the EH_ON signal will again be consistently high indicating

that the energy harvesting source is powering the output.

PIEZO

MIDE V25W

1µF

4.7µF, 6V

GND

LTC3330

DC2048A F10

AC1

VIN

CAP

VIN2

BAT

IPK2

IPK1

IPK0

UV3

UV2

UV1

UV0

OUT2

AC2

SWA

22µH

SWB

VOUT

SCAP

BAL

OUT1

OUT0

EH_ON

PGVOUT

VIN3

22µF

25V

22µF

PRIMARY

CELL

3.2V

1µF

180mF

2.5V

180mF

2.5V

HZ202F

100µF

10V

PULSED

15mA

10ms

1s/DIV DC2048A F11

EH_ON

5V/DIV

VOUT

50mV/DIV

VIN

2V/DIV

LOAD CURRENT

20mA/DIV

dc2048afb

DEMO MANUAL DC2048A

connection to a Dust mote (Dc9003a-B)

Figure 12 shows the LTC3330 with an output superca-

pacitor,a Dustmoteattached,a battery installedandEH_ON

connected to OUT2. In this configuration, when EH_ON

is low, VOUT will be set to 2.5V and when EH_ON is high,

VOUT will be set to 3.6V. The first marker in Figure 13 is

where the vibration source was activated; VIN then rises

above the VIN_UVLO_RISING threshold. EH_ON will then

go high causing VOUT to rise towards 3.6V(VOUT started

at 2.5V because the battery had charged it up initially).

At the same time EH_ON goes high, PGVOUT will go low,

since the new VOUT level of 3.6V has not been reached.

As the charge on VIN is being transferred to VOUT, VIN is

discharging and when VIN reaches its UVLO_FALLING

threshold, EH_ON will go low, causing the targeted VOUT

to again be 2.5V. Given that the output capacitor is very

large and the average load is less than the input power

supplied by the Mide piezoelectric transducer, the output

voltage will increase to the higher set-point of 3.6V over

many cycles. During the transition from the BAT set-point

Figure 12. Dust Mote Setup with a Supercapacitor,

a Battery and EH_ON Connected to OUT2

of 2.5V to the energy harvester set-point of 3.6V, VOUT is

above the 2.5V PGVOUT threshold, hence, PGVOUT will

go high every time EH_ON goes low. This cycle will be

repeated until VOUT reaches the PGVOUT threshold for the

VOUT setting of 3.6V. When a pulse load is applied that is

greater than the energy supplied by the input capacitor,

VIN will drop below the VIN_UVLO_FALLING threshold,

EH_ON will go low and the buck-boost regulator will be

ready to support the load requirement from the battery,

but will not start to switch until the supercapacitor is

discharged to 2.5V. In this way, the circuit can store a

lot of harvested energy and use it for an extended period

of time before switching over to the battery energy. The

supercapacitor could be sized to accommodate known

repeated periods of time that the energy harvester source

will not be available, such as overnight when a vibrating

machine is turned off or in the case of a solar application,

when the lights are turned off or the sun goes down.

PIEZO

MIDE V25W

1µF

4.7µF, 6V

GND

LTC3330

DC2048A F12

AC1

VIN

CAP

VIN2

BAT

IPK2

IPK1

IPK0

UV3

UV2

UV1

UV0

OUT2

AC2

SWA

22µH

SWB

VOUT

SCAP

BAL

OUT1

OUT0

EH_ON

PGVOUT

VIN3

22µF

25V

22µF

CR2032

1µF

180mF

2.5V

180mF

2.5V

HZ202F

100µF

10V

EHORBAT

PGOOD

VSUPPLY

VOUT = 3.6V FOR EH_ON = 1

VOUT = 2.5V FOR EH_ON = 0

GND

LINEAR TECHNOLOGY DC9003A-A/B

DUST MOTE FOR WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS

NC7SZ58P8X

(x2)

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