Linear Technology DC2077A Guida rapida alla configurazione

dc2077af

DEMO MANUAL DC2077A

DESCRIPTION

LTC6431-20

50Ω20dB Gain Block

IF Amplifier

Demonstration circuit 2077A features the LT C

6431-20

50Ω gain block IF amplifier. The LTC6431-20 has a power

gain of 20.8dB and it is part of the LTC6431-YY amplifier

series.

The DC2077A demo board supports the LTC6431-YY am-

plifier family. The DC2077A demo board is optimized for

a frequency range from 100MHz to 1200MHz. It incorpo-

rates a minimum of passive components to configure the

L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Linear

Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

amplifier for various applications. The LTC6431-20 pro-

vides 50Ω single-ended input and output impedances so

thatitcanbeeasilyevaluatedwithmostRFtestequipment.

Design files for this circuit board are available at

http://www.linear.com/demo

Figure 1. LTC6431-20 Device Block Diagram

24 18

20dB

GAIN

BIAS AND

TEMPERATURE

COMPENSATION

VCC

9, 22

OUTIN

GND

8, 17, 23,

25 (EXPOSED PAD)

T_DIODE

643122 BD

dc2077af

DEMO MANUAL DC2077A

PERFORMANCE SUMMARY

OPERATION

Table 1. Typical Demo Board Performance Summary

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VALUE / UNIT

Power Supply

VCC Operating Supply Range All VCC Pins Plus OUT 4.75V to 5.25V

ICC Current Consumption Total Current 95mA

TA= 25°C, VCC = 5V

FREQUENCY

(MHZ)

POWER GAIN

|S21|

OUTPUT

THIRD-ORDER

INTERCEPT

POINT1

OIP3

OUTPUT

THIRD-ORDER

INTERMODU-

LATION1

OIM3

SECOND

HARMONIC

DISTORTION2

HD2

THIRD HARMONIC

DISTORTION2

HD3

OUTPUT 1DB

COMPRESSION

POINT

P1DB

NOISE FIGURE3

100 20.2 47.2 –90.4 –56.8 –96.7 23.2 3.2

200 20.6 48.0 –91.9 –55.6 –92.9 22.4 2.7

240 20.6 47.9 –91.9 –52.5 –106.1 22.0 2.7

300 20.7 47.9 –91.9 –50.5 –83.1 21.8 2.8

400 20.6 46.9 –89.9 –50.4 –77.4 21.7 2.8

500 20.6 45.0 –86.0 –47.8 –72.6 21.8 2.9

600 20.6 42.5 –81.0 –43.7 –64.0 21.7 3.1

700 20.5 39.7 –75.5 –42.1 –60.7 21.4 3.3

800 20.5 38.6 –73.1 –40.6 –63.1 21.4 3.4

900 20.5 37.1 –70.3 –37.1 –60.4 21.1 3.7

1000 20.4 36.0 –68.0 –36.9 –55.1 20.8 3.8

1100 20.3 35.1 –66.2 –35.7 –54.5 20.4 3.9

1200 20.2 34.4 –64.8 –34.4 –53.6 20.3 4.1

Units dB dBm dBc dBc dBc dBm dB

Notes: All figures are referenced to J1 (Input Port) and J2 (Output Port).

1. Tw o -tone test conditions: Output power level = +2dBm/tone, tone spacing = 1MHz.

2. Single-tone test conditions: Output power level = +6dBm.

3. Small-signal noise figure.

The demo circuit 2077A is a high linearity, fixed gain

amplifier. It is designed for ease of use. Both the input

and output are internally matched to 50Ω single-ended

sourceandloadimpedance. Figure2showsthe DC2077A’s

S-parameters.

Figure4shows the demo circuit’s schematic. Theinputand

output DC blocking capacitors (C1 and C7) are required

because this device is internally DC biased for optimal

operation. The frequency appropriate choke (L1) and the

decoupling capacitors (C3 and C4) provide the proper

DC bias to the RF output node. Only a single 5V supply is

necessary for the VCC pins on the device.

L2andC6areoptionalparts. These additionalcomponents

allow for further optimization to lower or wider frequency

range applications.

A parallel 62pF (C2) and 348Ω (R1) input network has

been added to ensure low frequency stability. Note that the

input stability network does degrade performance below

150MHz. Low frequency performance can be improved

by increasing the value of capacitor C2.

The T_DIODE Pin (Turret E1) can be forward biased to

ground with 1mA of current. The measured voltage will

be an indicator of the chip junction temperature (TJ).

dc2077af

DEMO MANUAL DC2077A

OPERATION

Please note that a number of DNC pins are connected on

the demo board. These connections are not necessary for

normal operation. Failure to float these pins may impair

the operation of the device. Table 2 shows the function of

each input and output on the board.

Table 2. DC2077A Board I/O Descriptons

CONNECTOR FUNCTION

J1 (IN) Single-ended input. Impedance matched to 50Ω. Drive

from a 50Ω network analyzer or signal source.

J2 (OUT) Single-ended output. Impedance matched to 50Ω.

Drives a 50Ω network analyzer or spectrum analyzer.

E1 (T_DIODE) The measured voltage will be an indicator of the chip

junction temperature.

E2 (VCC) Positive supply voltage source.

E3 (GND) Supply ground.

Additional Information

As with any RF device, minimizing ground inductance is

critical. Care should be taken during the board layout when

usingtheseexposed pad packages. Themaximumnumber

of small-diameter vias should be placed underneath the

exposed pad. This will ensure a good RF ground and low

thermal impedance. Maximizing the copper ground plane

will also improve heat spreading and lower the inductance

to ground. It is a good idea to cover the via holes with

solder mask on the back side of the PCB to prevent solder

from wicking away from the critical PCB to exposed pad

interface.

The DC2077A is a wide bandwidth demo board, but it is not

intended for operation down to DC. The lower frequency

cutoff is limited by on-chip matching elements.

FREQUENCY (MHz)

|S21| (dB)

|S11|, |S12|, |S22| (dB)

NOMINAL WORKING

FREQUENCY RANGE

1600

–12

–4

–20

–28

–16

–8

–24

–32

–36

400 800 1200 2000

|S21|

|S22|

|S11|

|S12|

Figure 2. Demo Board S-Parameters

Table 3 shows the LTC643X-YY amplifier series and its

associateddemoboards. Each demo board liststhetypical

working frequency range and the input and output imped-

ance of the amplifiers.

Setup Signal Sources and Spectrum Analyzer

The LTC6431-20 is an amplifier with high linearity perfor-

mance.Therefore, the outputintermodulationproducts are

very low. Even using high dynamic range test equipment,

third-order intercept (IP3) measurements can drive test

setups to their limits. Consequently, accurate measure-

ment of IP3 for a low distortion IC such as the LTC6431-20

requires certain precautions to be observed in the test

setup as well as the testing procedure.

Table 3. The LTC643X-YY Amplifier Family and Corresponding Application Demo Boards

DEMO BOARD NUMBER

FREQUENCY RANGE

(MHz) NOTES/APPLICATIONS

BOARD’S IN/OUT

IMPEDANCE AMPLIFIER

AMPLIFIER’S

IMPEDANCE

DC1774A-A 50 to 350 Low Frequency 50Ω LTC6430-15 Differential 100Ω

DC1774A-B 400 to 1000 Mid Frequency 50Ω LTC6430-15 Differential 100Ω

DC1774A-C 100 to 1200 Wide Frequency 50Ω LTC6431-15 Single-Ended 50Ω

DC2032A 50 to 1000 Cable Infrastructure 75Ω LTC6430-15 Differential 100Ω

DC2077A 100 to 1200 Wide Frequency 50Ω LTC6431-20 Single-Ended 50Ω

DC2153A 700 to 1700 High Frequency 50Ω LTC6430-15 Differential 100Ω

dc2077af

DEMO MANUAL DC2077A

OPERATION

Setup Signal Sources

Figure 4 shows a proposed IP3 test setup. This setup has

low phase noise, good reverse isolation, high dynamic

range, sufficient harmonic filtering and wideband imped-

ance matching. The setup is outlined below:

a. Highperformance signalgenerators1 and 2(HP8644A)

are used. These suggested generators have low har-

monic distortion and very low phase noise.

b. High linearity amplifiers are used to improve the reverse

isolation.Thisprevents crosstalk betweenthetwosignal

generators and provides higher output power.

c. Alowpass filterisused tosuppressthe harmoniccontent

from interfering with the test signal. Note that second

order inputs can “mix” with the fundamental frequency

to form intermodulation (IM) products of their own. We

suggest filtering the harmonics to -50dBc or better.

d. The signal combiner from Mini-Circuits (ADP-2-9)

combines the two isolated input signals. This combiner

has a typical isolation of 27dB. For improved VSWR and

isolation, the H-9 signal combiner from MA/COM is an

alternative which features >40dB isolation and a wider

frequency range. Passive devices (e.g. combiners) with

magnetic elements can contribute nonlinearity to the

signal chain and should be used cautiously.

e. The attenuator pads on all three ports of the signal

combiner will further support isolation of the two input

signalsources.They alsoreducereflections andpromote

maximum power transfer with wideband impedance

matching.

Setup the Spectrum Analyzer

a. Adjust the spectrum analyzer for maximum possible

resolution of the intermodulation products’ amplitude

in dBc. A narrower resolution bandwidth will take a

longer time to sweep.

b. Optimize the dynamic range of the spectrum analyzer

by adjusting the input attenuation. First increase the

spectrum analyzer’s input attenuation (normally in

steps of 5dB or 10dB). If the IM product levels decrease

when the input attenuation is increased, then the input

power level is too high for the spectrum analyzer to

make a valid measurement. Most likely, the spectrum

analyzer’s 1st mixer was overloaded and producing its

own IM products. If the IM reading holds constant with

increased input attenuation, then a sufficient amount

of attenuation was present. Adding too much attenua-

tion will bury the intended IM signal in the noise floor.

Therefore, select just enough attenuation to achieve a

stable and valid measurement.

c. In order to achieve this valid measurement result, the

test system must have lower total distortion than the

DUT’s intermodulation. For example, to measure a

48dBm OIP3, the measured intermodulation products

will be –92dBc below the –18dBm per tone input level

andthetest system musthaveintermodulation products

approximately –98dBc or better. For best results, the

IM products and noise floor should measure at least

–102dBc before connecting the DUT.

dc2077af

DEMO MANUAL DC2077A

QUICK START PROCEDURE

Demo circuit 2077A can be set up to evaluate the perfor-

mance of the LTC6431-20. Refer to Figure 3 for proper

equipment connections and follow the procedure below:

Tw o -Tone Measurement

Connect all test equipment as suggested in Figure 3.

1. The power labels of VCC 4.75V-5.25V and GND directly

correspond to the power supply. Typical current con-

sumption of the LTC6431-20 is about 95mA.

2. Apply two independent signals f1 and f2 from signal

generator 1 and signal generator 2 at 240MHz and

241MHz, while setting the amplitude to –18dBm/tone

at the demo board input (J1).

3. Monitor the output tone level on the spectrum analyzer.

Adjust the signal generator levels such that the output

power measures +2dBm/tone at the amplifier output J2,

aftercorrectingforexternalcablelossesandattenuations.

4. Change the spectrum analyzer’s center frequency and

observe the two IM3 tones at 1 MHz below and above

theinputfrequencies.The frequencies of IM3_LOW and

IM3_HIGH are 239 MHz and 242 MHz, respectively. The

measurement levels should be approximately –92dBc;

+48dBmis typicalOIP3performance fortheLTC6431-20

at 240MHz.

The OIP3 calculation is:

OIP3 = POUT + ∆IMD3/2

where:

POUT is the lower output signal power of the funda-

mental products.

∆IMD3 = POUT – PIM3; PIM3 is the higher third-order

intermodulation product.

Single-Tone Measurement

5. Continue with Step 4 above, turn off one signal source

to measure gain and harmonic distortions.

COMBINER

Mini-Circuits

ADP-2-9

SIGNAL

GENERATOR 1 HP8644A

HP8644A

LOWPASS FILTER

VCC = 4.75V TO 5.25V

6dB ATTN PAD

(OPTIONAL)

6dB ATTN PAD

(OPTIONAL)

3dB ATTENUATION

PAD

20dB ATTENUATION

PAD

COAXIAL

CABLE

SPECTRUM

ANALYZER

Rohde & Schwarz

FSEM30

AMPLIFIER

Mini-Circuits

ZHL-2 OR EQUIVALENT

AMPLIFIER

Mini-Circuits

ZHL-2 OR EQUIVALENT

SIGNAL

GENERATOR 2

DC POWER SUPPLY

GND V+

Figure 3. Proper Equipement Setup for IP3 Measurement

dc2077af

DEMO MANUAL DC2077A

PARTS LIST

ITEM QTY REFERENCE PART DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURER/PART NUMBER

1 3 C1, C3, C7 CAP., X7R, 1000pF, 50V 5%, 0603 AVX, 06035C102JAT2A

2 1 C2 CAP., NPO, 62pF, 25V, 5%, 0402 AVX, 04023A620JAT

3 1 C4 CAP., X5R, 0.1µF, 10V, 10%, 0603 AVX, 0603ZD104KAT2A

4 2 C5, C8 CAP., X7R, 1000pF, 50V 5%, 0402 AVX, 04025C102JAT2A

5 1 C6 CAP., OPT, 0603

6 3 E1-E3 TESTPOINT, TURRET, 0.093" MILL-MAX, 2501-2-00-80-00-00-07-0

7 2 J1-J2 CONN., SMA 50Ω EDGE-LAUNCH E.F.JOHNSON, 142-0701-851

8 1 L1 INDUCTOR, CHIP, 560nH, 5%, 0603LS-1608 COILCRAFT, 0603LS-561XJLB

9 1 L2 RES., CHIP, 0Ω, 0603 VISHAY, CRCW06030000Z0ED

10 1 R1 RES., CHIP, 348Ω, 1%, 1/16W, 0402 VISHAY,CRCW0402348RFKED

11 0 R3 RES., OPT, 0402

12 1 U1 BALANCED AMPLIFIER LTC6431AIUF-20, QFN24UF-4X4 LINEAR TECH., LTC6431AIUF-20

dc2077af

DEMO MANUAL DC2077A

Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.

However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representa-

tion that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.

Figure 4. DC2077A Demo Board Schematic

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

D D

C C

B B

A A

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TECHNOLOGY

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





TECHNOLOGY





























































 

 









TECHNOLOGY





































































































  























 



















 





 















  

 

 

 

 

 

 

















 





 





 

 































 







 











 



 













dc2077af

DEMO MANUAL DC2077A

Linear Technology Corporation

1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417

(408) 432-1900 ●FAX: (408) 434-0507 ●www.linear.com

 LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2014

LT 0314 • PRINTED IN USA

DEMONSTRATION BOARD IMPORTANT NOTICE

Linear Technology Corporation (LT C ) provides the enclosed product(s) under the following AS IS conditions:

This demonstration board (DEMO BOARD) kit being sold or provided by Linear Technology is intended for use for ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT

OR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONLY and is not provided by LT C for commercial use. As such, the DEMO BOARD herein may not be complete

in terms of required design-, marketing-, and/or manufacturing-related protective considerations, including but not limited to product safety

measures typically found in finished commercial goods. As a prototype, this product does not fall within the scope of the European Union

directive on electromagnetic compatibility and therefore may or may not meet the technical requirements of the directive, or other regulations.

If this evaluation kit does not meet the specifications recited in the DEMO BOARD manual the kit may be returned within 30 days from the date

of delivery for a full refund. THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS THE EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY MADE BY THE SELLER TO BUYER AND IS IN LIEU

OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS

FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT OF THIS INDEMNITY, NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER FOR

ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.

The user assumes all responsibility and liability for proper and safe handling of the goods. Further, the user releases LT C from all claims

arising from the handling or use of the goods. Due to the open construction of the product, it is the user’s responsibility to take any and all

appropriate precautions with regard to electrostatic discharge. Also be aware that the products herein may not be regulatory compliant or

agency certified (FCC, UL, CE, etc.).

No License is granted under any patent right or other intellectual property whatsoever. LT C assumes no liability for applications assistance,

customer product design, software performance, or infringement of patents or any other intellectual property rights of any kind.

LT C currently services a variety of customers for products around the world, and therefore this transaction is not exclusive.

Please read the DEMO BOARD manual prior to handling the product. Persons handling this product must have electronics training and

observe good laboratory practice standards. Common sense is encouraged.

This notice contains important safety information about temperatures and voltages. For further safety concerns, please contact a LT C applica-

tion engineer.

Mailing Address:

Linear Technology

1630 McCarthy Blvd.

Milpitas, CA 95035

X-ON Electronics

Largest Supplier of Electrical and Electronic Components

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