Linear Technology DC2194A Guida rapida alla configurazione

dc2194af

DEMO MANUAL DC2194A

Description

LTM4642IY

20VIN, DUAL 4A or SINGLE 8A

DC/DC µMODULE REGULATOR

Demonstration circuit of DC2194A features the

LT M

4642IY, the wide input voltage, high efficiency and

power density, dual 4A or single 8A DC/DC step-down

µModule regulator. The step-down regulator operates

from an input voltage range of 4.5V to 20V (or 2.5V min.

with 5V external bias voltage at CPWR) and provides an

adjustable output voltage range from 0.6V to 5V at 4A load

current per channel. The part is capable of operating in

dual phase single output, delivers up to 8A load current

with interleaved two phases at 180 degrees. Differential

output voltage sensing is available on Channel 1 for ap-

plications requiring more accurate output load regulation.

A user-selectable mode input is provided to allow users to

trade off ripple noise for light load efficiency:Discontinu-

ous Mode (DCM) of operation delivers higher efficiency

at light load while Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) is

BoarD photo

preferred for noise sensitive applications. The mode pin

can also be used to sync the switching frequency to an

external clock. Programmable switching frequency range

is from 600kHz to 1400kHz with a ±30% synchronization

capture range. Constant on time, valley current mode

control architecture and integrated internal control loop

compensation allow very fast transient response to line

and load changes while maintaining loop stability.

It is recommended to read the data sheet and demo

manual of LTM4642 prior using or making any changes

to DC2194A.

Design files for this circuit board are available at

http://www.linear.com/demo/DC2194A

L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Linear

Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

dc2194af

DEMO MANUAL DC2194A

PARAMETER CONDITIONS VALUE

Dual Phase Dual Output Configuration (Default)

Input Voltage Range 4.5V to 20V

Input Voltage Range 2.5V to 20V

(with External CPWR Bias Supply)

Default Output Voltage

VOUT1

VOUT2

VIN=4.5V to 20V

ILOAD=0A to 4A

fSW=800kHz

1.8V ±1.5%

1.2V ±1.5%

Default Switching Frequency Programmed Frequency with an External Resistor

from FREQ Pin to SGND

800kHz ±10%

Maximum Continuous Output Current IOUT per Channel

(Dual Phase Dual Outputs)

VIN =4.5V to 20V

fSW=800kHz

Output Voltage Ripples

(Peak-to-Peak)

VOUT1,P-P

VOUT2,P-P

(Dual Phase Dual Outputs)

VIN=12V

fSW=800kHz

VOUT1=1.8V at IOUT1=4A

VOUT2=1.2V at IOUT2=4A

COUT= 1x150µF+1x22µF per Channel

VOUT1,P-P=27mV (Figure 8a)

VOUT2,P-P=17mV (Figure 8b)

Dynamic Load Transient Response

VOUT1,P-P

VOUT2,P-P

(Dual Phase Dual Outputs)

VIN=12V

fSW=800kHz

Mode=CCM

VOUT1=1.8V, IOUT_STEP=2A to 4A

VOUT2=1.2V, IOUT_STEP=2A to 4A

COUT=1x150µF+1x22µF per Channel

VOUT1,P-P=86mV (Figure 7a)

VOUT2,P-P=67mV (Figure 7b)

Efficiency

(Dual Phase Dual Outputs)

VIN=12V

fSW=800kHz

VOUT1=1.8V at IOUT1=4A

VOUT2=1.2V at IOUT2=4A

Channel 1: 87.8% (Figure 4)

Channel 2: 84.2% (Figure 4)

Thermal Performance

(Dual Phase Dual Outputs)

VIN=12V

fSW=800kHz

VOUT1=1.8V at IOUT1=4A

VOUT2=1.2V at IOUT2=4A

TA=25°C, No Forced Airflow/Heat Sink

57.2°C Peak Temperature

(Figure11a)

performance summary

Specifications are at TA=25°C

dc2194af

DEMO MANUAL DC2194A

performance summary

Specifications are at TA=25°C

PARAMETER CONDITIONS VALUE

Dual Phase Single Output Configuration (Optional)

Input Voltage Range 4.5V to 20V

Input Voltage Range 2.5V to 20V

(with External CPWR Bias Supply)

Default Output Voltage

VOUT

VIN=4.5V to 20V

ILOAD=0A to 8A

fSW=800kHz

1.8V ±1.5%

Default Switching Frequency Programmed Frequency with External Resistor from

FREQ Pin to SGND

800kHz ±10%

Maximum Continuous Output Current IOUT

(Dual Phase Single Output)

VIN =4.5V to 20V

fSW=800kHz

Output Voltage Ripples

(Peak-to-Peak)

VOUT,P-P

(Dual Phase Single Output)

VIN=12V

fSW=800kHz

VOUT=1.8V at IOUT=8A

COUT= 1x100µF+1x47µF per channel

VOUT,P-P=10mV (Figure 10a)

Dynamic Load Transient Response

VOUT,P-P

(Dual Phase Single Output)

VIN=12V

fSW=800kHz

Mode=CCM

VOUT=1.8V, IOUT_STEP=4A to 8A

COUT=1x100µF+1x47µF per Channel

VOUT,P-P=138mV (Figure 9b )

Efficiency

(Dual Phase Single Output)

VIN=12V

fSW=800kHz

Mode=CCM

VOUT=1.8V at IOUT=8A

87.9 % (Figure 6)

Thermal Performance

(Dual Phase Single Output)

VIN=12V

fSW=800kHz

VOUT=1.8V at IOUT=8A

TA=25°C, No Forced Airflow/Heat Sink

59.2°C Peak Temperature

(Figure12a)

dc2194af

DEMO MANUAL DC2194A

Quick start proceDure

DemonstrationcircuitDC2194Aiseasytosetuptoevaluate

the performance of the LTM4642. Please refer to Figure 1

for proper measurement equipment setup and follow the

procedures below:

1. With power off, connect the input power supply at VIN

(J4) and GND (J5)

2. Connect the ﬁrst load between VOUT1 (J6) and GND

(J7) for Channel1, connect the second load between

VOUT2 (J8) and GND (J3) for Channel2. Preset all the

loads to 0A.

3. Connect the DMMs at the input (E4 and E5) to moni-

tor input voltage. Connect DMMs at VO1+ (E6) and

VO1– (E7), VO2+ (E11) and VO2– (E9) to monitor DC

output voltages. These output voltage test points are

Kelvin sensed directly across COUT1 for Channel1 and

COUT4 for Channel2 to provide accurate measurement

of output voltages. Do not apply load current to any of

the above test points to avoid damage to the regulator.

Do not connect the ground leads of scope probes to

VO1– and VO2–.

4. Turn on the power supply at the input. Measure and

make sure the input supply voltage is 12V. Place the

RUN 1 (JP4) and RUN2 (JP5) in the “ON” position. The

output voltage should be 1.8V±1.5% for Channel1 and

1.2±1.5% for Channel2.

5. Once the input and output voltages are properly estab-

lished, adjust the input voltage between 4.5V and 20V

and the loads within the operating range of 0A to 4A

max per channel. Observe the output voltage regula-

tion, output voltage ripples, switch node waveform,

load transient response and other parameters. Refer to

Figure 2 for proper output voltage ripple measurement.

NOTE 1: To measure the input/output voltage ripple

properly, do not use the long ground lead on the

oscilloscope probe. See Figure2 for the proper scope

probe placement technique. Short, still leads need to

be soldered to the (+) and (–) terminals of an output

capacitor. The probe’s ground ring needs to touch the

(–) lead and the probe tip needs to touch the (+) lead.

6. DC2194A provides convenient on board BNC terminals

to accurately measure output ripples of Channel1 and

Channel 2. Connect short BNC cables from VOUT1,

VOUT2 to the scope inputs (Scope probe ratio 1:1, AC

coupling) to observe output voltage ripples.

7. DC2194A provides an optional onboard load transient

circuit to measure ∆VOUT peak-to-peak deviation dur-

ing rising or falling dynamic load transient. The simple

load step circuit consisting of a 30V N-channel power

MOSFET in series with a 10mΩ, 1W,1% current sense

resistor. The MOSFET is conﬁgured as a voltage control

current source (VCCS) device, therefore the output cur-

rent step and its magnitude is created and controlled by

adjusting the amplitude of the applied input voltage step

at the gate of the MOSFET. Use a function generator to

provide a voltage pulse between IOSTEP CLK (E17) and

GND (E18); the input voltage pulse should be set at the

frequency less than 10Hz and maximum duty cycle of

less than 5% to avoid excessive thermal stress on the

MOSFET device. The output current step is measured

directly across the 10mΩ current sense resistor and

monitored by connecting a BNC cable from IOSTEP to

the input of the oscilloscope (scope probe ratio 1:1,

DC coupling), the equivalent voltage to current scale

is 10mV/1A. The load step current slew rate dI/dt can

be set by adjusting the rising time and fall time of the

input voltage pulse.

The default load step circuit is connected to VOUT1 but

can be used for VOUT2 by simply removing the zero

Ohm jumper R27 and stufﬁng it at the position of R28

and vice versa. Repeat Step 7 to perform load step

transient evaluation for Channel2.

dc2194af

DEMO MANUAL DC2194A

Figure 1. Proper Measurement Equipment Setup

Figure 2. Scope Probe Placement for Measuring Input or Output Voltage Ripple

+–

VIN

4.5V TO 20V

+–

LOAD1

(0A TO 4A)

LOAD2

(0A TO 4A)

–

VOUT1 VOUT2

+ –

VOUT GND

COUT

Quick start proceDure

dc2194af

DEMO MANUAL DC2194A

Quick start proceDure

8. To program other output voltages for Channel 1 or

Channel2, insert correct values of the bottom feedback

resistors (Table1).

These values are calculated based on a typical feedback

referencevoltage of 0.6V and ﬁxed internaltopfeedback

resistor of 60.4kΩ.

Table 1. Bottom Resistive Divider Values (1%) for Setting

Typical Output Voltages

VOUT (V) 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.5 3.3 5.0

RBOT (kΩ) 90.9 60.4 40.2 30.1 19.1 13.3 8.25

* NOTE 2: LTM4642 has been internally compensated

for most of input, output voltages and frequency ranges.

However, to obtain the best efficiency, thermal and load

transient response performance when selecting output

voltages different than the demo boarddefaultset voltages,

thefollowingparameters need to be optimized accordingly:

input voltages, switching frequency, output capacitors

and optional external compensation values (Feedforward

Capacitors: C1, C12 and CCOMP: C3, C11). Please refer to

Table2 for more details.

Table 2. Suggested Optimized Switching Frequency for Typical

Input and Output Voltages

VIN

(V)

3.3V 5.0V 5V 12V 12V 12V 20V 20V 20V

VOUT

(V)

1.2V

1.5V

1.8V

1.2V

1.5V

1.8V

2.5V

3.3V

1.0V

1.2V

1.5V

1.8V

2.5V

3.3V

5.0V

1.2V

1.5V

1.8V

2.5V

3.3V

5.0V

fSW

(kHz)

600 650 800 650 800 1000

1200

650 800 1000

1200

(kΩ)

R_freq

68.1 66.5 49.9 66.5 49.9 39.2

32.4

66.5 49.9 39.2

32.4

Differential Output Voltage Sensing

The LTM4642 includes an internal low offset, high input

impedance, unity gain, high bandwidth differential ampli-

fier for applications that require true remote sensing. This

feature allows users to accurately sense the output voltage

across the output capacitor at the load point in a widely

distributed power system where power trace’s parasitic

voltage drops are always presented. The differential ampli-

fier’s output is internally connected to the error amplifier’s

inverting input. VOUTS1+ and VOUTS1–are Kelvin connected

directly across COUT1 on DC2194A.

(Optional) Output Voltage Tracking

TRK/SS1 and TRK/SS2 allow users to program output

voltage supply tracking during start-up or shutdown while

operating several voltage supply rails at the same time.

Channel 1 is configured as a master and Channel2 is a

slave channel on DC2194A. Coincident tracking mode

can be implemented by connecting TRK/SS2 of the

slave channel to the mid-point of an additional resistive

divider (R19, R20) to the master channel’s output volt-

age. The ratio of this divider is identical to that of the

slave’s channel feedback divider

. In this tracking mode,

output voltage of the master channel must be higher

than the output voltage of the slave channel. The rising

time of the output voltage can be adjusted by changing

the soft start capacitor’s values of the master channel.

Coincident tracking mode can be activated by inserting

JP6 between Pin 1 and 2 of TRACK2SEL and perform-

ing start-up/shutdown by releasing RUN1 from GND

and pulling RUN1 to GND accordingly. Tracking mode

can be observed by monitoring VOUT1, VOUT2 and FB1,

FB2 using scope probes. The same method can be used

to configure VOUT1 or VOUT2 tracking an external supply

voltage by inserting JP3 (TRK1 SEL) to TRACK or JP6

(TRK2 SEL) to EXT, applying an external voltage supply

at TRACK1 (E8) or TRACK2 (E13) and repeating start-up/

shutdown test to evaluate the tracking function of the

regulator. Ratiometric tracking mode can be achieved by

connecting TRK/SS2 to FB1. Ratiometric tracking mode

can save two resistors while coincident tracking mode

offers better voltage regulation. It is optional for users

to determine the most appropriate tracking method for

the power supply design.

(Optional) External Frequency Synchronization

The MODE/PLLIN pin can be used to synchronize the

internal oscillator clock frequency to the external clock

signal. Place JP2 (MODE/PLLIN) to CLKIN, apply an

external clock at CLKIN (E10) to vary the switching fre-

quency within ±30% of the set frequency. The external

clock input high threshold is 2V typical, while the input

low threshold is 0.5V.

dc2194af

DEMO MANUAL DC2194A

(Optional) Lower the Default Current Limit Setting for

Channel 1

The default current limit setting for Channel 1 is 7A

peak current limit with VRNG1 tied to INTVCC. DC2194A

provides an option to lower the peak current limit setting

for Channel 1 (applications that required lower peak

current limit to effectively protect the power devices during

temporary output overloaded condition or output shorted

circuit) by adjusting the DC voltage level at VRNG1. An

external resistive divider from INTVCC can be used to set

the voltage on VRNG pin between 1V to 0.6V, lower the

VRNG1 voltage than 1V resulting in a lower maximum

sense voltage and peak current limit.

(Optional) Operation with Low VIN Range

(2.5V≤VIN≤4.5V)

LTM4642 is equipped with CPWR pin, allowing VIN to

operate down to VIN=3.3V typical. CPWR pin is the main

input power to the control IC and can be disconnected from

the default VIN supply voltage (Remove R13) and tied to

an external 5V bias supply voltage at E14. If the DC bias

supply voltage for CPWR is less than 5.3V, DRVCC can

also be tied to this pin by stuffing R15=0Ω. Since the

RUN pins of Channel1 and Channel2 are directly tied to

VIN, pull up resistors at the RUN pins (R9, R23) should

be re-calculated and inserted to make sure the part can

start up at low VIN. A good value to start with is 115kΩ

using internal RUN pin pull-down resistor of 100k, RUN

Pin On threshold of 1.1V min. to 1.3V max and RUN pin

absolute max voltage of 6V. Care should be taken by not

exceeding maximum voltage rating on DRVCC/INTVCC pin

when operating in this mode. Refer to Table2. for recom-

mended optimized switching frequency while operating at

low VIN voltage range.

(Optional) Operation with EXTVCC

EXTVCC pin is available for optional external 5V bias supply

to power INTVCC/DRVCC. The advantage of using EXTVCC

is to shut down the internal LDO powered from VIN, turn

on the internal EXTVCC switch and directly source the ex-

ternal 5V bias supply to power INTVCC/DRVCC, therefore

improving overall efficiency and reducing temperature

rise of the part, especially at high input voltage range. An

onboardturret (E3) is available for EXTVCC with a minimum

of 4.7µF decoupling ceramic capacitor to PGND. Do not

exceed the maximum rated voltage for EXTVCC and make

sure VIN is powered up before applying EXTVCC.

(Optional) Dual Phase Single Output Circuit

Configuration:

DC2194A can be configured as dual phase single output

to provide up to 8A total load current.

The following simple modification is required:(Channel1

is master, Channel2 is slave). Please refer to Table3 for

more details.

Table 3. Dual Phase Single Output Circuit Configuration

PIN NAME CONNECTIONS MODIFIED COMPONENTS

1 VOUT1

VOUT2

Tie VOUT1, VOUT2 together. Stuff R35=0Ω and short the exposed copper pads at VOUT1, VOUT2 on the

bottom layer of the board .

2 FB2 Tie to INTVCC to disable the EA of the slave channel. Remove FB2 bottom divider resistor (R17) and stuff R26=0Ω. Note: To

calculate the required bottom feedback resistor divider for the master

channel, use RTOP_EQUIV=(60.4k//60.4k) for dual phase single output.

3 COMP2 Left open or externally tied to COMP1. Remove C11.

4 RUN1

RUN2

Tie RUN1, RUN2 together. Stuff R25=0Ω, R9=115kΩ, remove R23.

5 TRSK/SS2 Left open. Remove JP6.

6 PHASMD Tie to SGND or FLOAT: set phase interleaved 180°

between CH1 and CH2.

JP1=SNGD or FLOAT.

7 PGOOD2 Left open. Remove R12.

Quick start proceDure

dc2194af

DEMO MANUAL DC2194A

Quick start proceDure

Figure 3. Measured Efficiency at 5VIN, 800kHz,

Dual Phase Dual Outputs

Figure 7a. Load Transient Response (CH1)

Dual Phase Dual Outputs

Figure 5. Measured Efficiency at 20VIN, 800kHz,

Dual Phase Dual Outputs

Figure 4. Measured Efficiency at 12VIN, 800kHz,

Dual Phase Dual Outputs

Figure 7b. Load Transient Response (CH2)

Dual Phase Dual Outputs

Figure 6. Measured Efficiency at 12VIN, 800kHz,

Dual Phase Single Output

LOAD CURRENT (A)

EFFICIENCY (%)

100

50 3

DC2194 F03

421

1.0VOUT

1.2VOUT

1.5VOUT

1.8VOUT

2.5VOUT

3.3VOUT

LOAD CURRENT (A)

EFFICIENCY (%)

50 3

DC2194 F04

421

1.0VOUT

1.2VOUT

1.5VOUT

1.8VOUT

2.5VOUT

3.3VOUT

LOAD CURRENT (A)

EFFICIENCY (%)

50 3

DC2194 F05

421

1.2VOUT

1.5VOUT

1.8VOUT

2.5VOUT

LOAD CURRENT (A)

EFFICIENCY (%)

DC2194 F06

8642 5 731

1.0VOUT

1.2VOUT

1.5VOUT

1.8VOUT

2.5VOUT

3.3VOUT

50µs/DIV

VOUT

50mV/DIV

ILOAD

2A/DIV

DC2194 F07a

VO_P-P = 86mV

2A TO 4A

fSW = 800kHz

VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.8V

ILOAD STEP = 2A TO 4A AT 2A/µs

COUT_POSCAP = 1×150µF/4V/7mΩ

COUT_CERAMIC = 1×22µF/10V/X7R/1206

CFF = 220pF

50µs/DIV

VOUT

50mV/DIV

ILOAD

2A/DIV

DC2194 F07b

VO_P-P = 67mV

2A TO 4A

fSW = 800kHz

VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.2V

ILOAD STEP = 2A TO 4A AT 2A/µs

COUT_POSCAP = 1×150µF/4V/7mΩ

COUT_CERAMIC = 1×22µF/10V/X7R/1206

CFF = 220pF

dc2194af

DEMO MANUAL DC2194A

Quick start proceDure

5µs/DIV

VOUT

50mV/DIV

DC2194 F08a

20MHz BWL

fSW = 800kHz

VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.8V

ILOAD = 4A

COUT_POSCAP = 1×150µF/4V/7mΩ

COUT_CERAMIC = 1×22µF/10V/X7R/1206

CFF = 220pF

VO_P-P = 27mV

5µs/DIV

VOUT

50mV/DIV

DC2194 F08b

20MHz BWL

fSW = 800kHz

VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.2V

ILOAD = 4A

COUT_POSCAP = 1×150µF/4V/7mΩ

COUT_CERAMIC = 1×22µF/10V/X7R/1206

CFF = 220pF

VO_P-P = 17mV

Figure 8a. Output Ripple Voltage (CH1),

Dual Phase Dual Outputs

Figure 8b. Output Ripple Voltage (CH2)

Dual Phase Dual Outputs

Figure 9a. Load Transient Response,

Dual Phase Single Output

Figure 9b. Load Transient Response,

Dual Phase Single Output

Figure 10a. Output Ripple Voltage,

Dual Phase Single Output

Figure 10b. Output Ripple Voltage,

Dual Phase Single Output

50µs/DIV

VOUT

50mV/DIV

ILOAD

2A/DIV

DC2194 F09a

VO_P-P = 73mV

4A TO 6A

fSW = 800kHz

VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.8V

ILOAD STEP = 4A TO 6A AT 2A/µs

COUT_CERAMIC = 1×100µF/6.3V/X5R/1206

+ 1×47µF/6.3V/X5R/1206

CFF = 220pF

50µs/DIV

VOUT

100mV/DIV

ILOAD

5A/DIV

DC2194 F09b

VO_P-P = 138mV

fSW = 800kHz

VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.8V

ILOAD STEP = 4A TO 8A AT 4A/µs

COUT_CERAMIC = 1×100µF/6.3V/X5R/1206

+ 1×47µF/6.3V/X5R/1206

CFF = 220pF

4A TO 8A

5µs/DIV

VOUT

20mV/DIV

DC2194 F10a

20MHz BWL

fSW = 800kHz

VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.8V

ILOAD = 8A

COUT_CERAMIC = 1×100µF/6.3V/X5R/1206

+ 1×47µF/6.3V/X5R/1206

CFF = 220pF

VO_P-P = 10mV

5µs/DIV

VOUT

20mV/DIV

DC2194 F10b

20MHz BWL

fSW = 800kHz

VIN = 20V, VOUT = 1.8V

ILOAD = 8A

COUT_CERAMIC = 1×100µF/6.3V/X5R/1206

+ 1×47µF/6.3V/X5R/1206

CFF = 220pF

VO_P-P = 10.6mV

dc2194af

DEMO MANUAL DC2194A

Quick start proceDure

Figure 11a. Thermal Performance at 12VIN,

Dual Phase Dual Outputs

Figure 11b. Thermal Performance at 20VIN,

Dual Phase Dual Outputs

Figure 12a. Thermal Performance at 12VIN,

Dual Phase Single Output

Figure 12b. Thermal Performance at 20VIN,

Dual Phase Single Output

SW = 800kHz

OUT1 = 1.8V, VOUT2 = 1.2V

IN = 12V, ILOAD = 4A PER PHASE

TA = 25°C, NO FORCED AIRFLOW, NO HEAT SINK

SW = 800kHz

OUT1 = 1.8V, VOUT2 = 1.2V

IN = 20V, ILOAD = 4A PER PHASE

TA = 25°C, NO FORCED AIRFLOW, NO HEAT SINK

fSW = 800kHz

VOUT = 1.8V

VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 8A

TA = 25°C, NO FORCED AIRFLOW, NO HEAT SINK

SW = 800kHz

OUT = 1.8V

IN = 20V, ILOAD = 8A

TA = 25°C, NO FORCED AIRFLOW, NO HEAT SINK

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