Moxa Technologies UC-7400-LX Plus Manuale utente

UC-7400-LX Plus User’s Manual

Sixth Edition, December 2010

www.moxa.com/product

Reproduction without permission is prohibited.

UC-7400-LX Plus User’s Manual

The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in

accordance with the terms of that agreement.

Reproduction without permission is prohibited.

Trademarks

MOXA is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc.

All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers.

Disclaimer

Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the

part of Moxa.

Moxa provides this document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but

not limited to, its particular purpose. Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes to this

manual, or to the products and/or the programs described in this manual, at any time.

Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable. However, Moxa assumes no

responsibility for its use, or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use.

This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the

information herein to correct such errors, and these changes are incorporated into new editions of the

publication.

Technical Support Contact Information

www.moxa.com/support

Moxa Americas:

Toll-free: 1-888-669-2872

Tel: +1-714-528-6777

Fax: +1-714-528-6778

Moxa China (Shanghai office):

Toll-free: 800-820-5036

Tel: +86-21-5258-9955

Fax: +86-10-6872-3958

Moxa Europe:

Tel: +49-89-3 70 03 99-0

Fax: +49-89-3 70 03 99-99

Moxa Asia-Pacific:

Tel: +886-2-8919-1230

Fax: +886-2-8919-1231

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction..................................................................................................1-1

Overview.................................................................................................................................. 1-2

Software Architecture .............................................................................................................. 1-2

Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2).......................................................................... 1-3

Software Package ......................................................................................................... 1-4

Chapter 2 Getting Started.............................................................................................2-1

Powering on the UC-7400-LX Plus......................................................................................... 2-2

Connecting the UC-7400-LX Plus to a PC .............................................................................. 2-2

Serial Console............................................................................................................... 2-2

Telnet Console.............................................................................................................. 2-3

SSH Console................................................................................................................. 2-4

Configuring the Ethernet Interface .......................................................................................... 2-5

Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console.................................................. 2-5

Modifying Network Settings over the Network............................................................ 2-6

Using IPv6 Command Utilities..................................................................................... 2-6

Configuring the WLAN through the PCMCIA Interface ............................................. 2-8

Connecting to 3G Networks through the PCMCIA Interface..................................... 2-14

Test Program—Developing Hello.c....................................................................................... 2-16

Installing the Tool Chain (Linux)............................................................................... 2-16

Checking the Flash Memory Space............................................................................ 2-17

Compiling Hello.c ...................................................................................................... 2-17

Uploading and Running the “Hello” Program............................................................ 2-18

Developing Your First Application ........................................................................................ 2-18

Testing Environment .................................................................................................. 2-18

Compiling tcps2.c....................................................................................................... 2-19

Uploading and Running the “tcps2-release” Program................................................ 2-20

Testing Procedure Summary....................................................................................... 2-22

Chapter 3 Managing Embedded Linux ........................................................................3-1

System Version Information..................................................................................................... 3-2

System Image Backup.............................................................................................................. 3-2

Upgrading the Firmware............................................................................................... 3-2

Loading Factory Defaults............................................................................................. 3-5

Enabling and Disabling Daemons............................................................................................ 3-5

Starting a ProgramAutomatically at Run-Level...................................................................... 3-8

Adjusting the System Time...................................................................................................... 3-9

Setting the Time Manually ........................................................................................... 3-9

Write current system time to RTC................................................................................ 3-9

NTP Client.................................................................................................................. 3-10

Updating the Time Automatically .............................................................................. 3-10

Cron—Daemon for Executing Scheduled Commands............................................................3-11

Connecting Peripherals..........................................................................................................3-12

USB Mass Storage...................................................................................................... 3-12

CF Mass Storage......................................................................................................... 3-12

Chapter 4 Managing Communications........................................................................4-1

Telnet / FTP ............................................................................................................................. 4-2

DNS ......................................................................................................................................... 4-2

Web Service—Apache............................................................................................................. 4-3

IPTABLES............................................................................................................................... 4-4

NAT.......................................................................................................................................... 4-8

NAT Example............................................................................................................... 4-9

Enabling NAT at Bootup.............................................................................................. 4-9

Dial-up Service—PPP............................................................................................................ 4-10

PPPoE.................................................................................................................................... 4-13

NFS (Network File System)................................................................................................... 4-15

Setting up the UC-7400-LX Plus as an NFS Server................................................... 4-15

Setting up the UC-7400-LX Plus as an NFS Client.................................................... 4-17

Mail........................................................................................................................................ 4-17

SNMP .................................................................................................................................... 4-18

OpenVPN............................................................................................................................... 4-19

IPv6 to IPv4 Tunneling..........................................................................................................4-26

Chapter 5 Programmer’s Guide....................................................................................5-1

Before Programming Your Embedded System ........................................................................ 5-2

Caution When Using File Systems............................................................................... 5-2

Using RAM File System Instead of Flash File System ................................................ 5-2

Flash Memory Map.................................................................................................................. 5-2

Linux Tool Chain Introduction................................................................................................. 5-3

Debugging with GDB..............................................................................................................5-4

Device API............................................................................................................................... 5-5

RTC (Real-time Clock)............................................................................................................ 5-5

Buzzer...................................................................................................................................... 5-5

WDT (Watch dog Timer)......................................................................................................... 5-6

UART....................................................................................................................................... 5-9

LCM........................................................................................................................................5-11

KeyPad....................................................................................................................................5-11

Make File Example................................................................................................................ 5-12

Chapter 6 Software Lock...............................................................................................6-1

Appendix A System Commands.....................................................................................A-1

Linux normal command utility collection............................................................................... A-1

System ......................................................................................................................... A-1

File Manager................................................................................................................ A-1

Editor........................................................................................................................... A-2

Network....................................................................................................................... A-2

Process.........................................................................................................................A-2

Other............................................................................................................................ A-3

Moxa Special Utilities ................................................................................................. A-3

Chapter 1 Introduction

The Moxa UC-7400-LX Plus series of RISC-based commnication platforms are ideal for your

embedded applications.All models come with 8 RS-232/422/485 serial ports, dual 10/100 Mbps

Ethernet ports, a PCMCIA interface for wireless LAN communication, and CompactFlash and

USB ports for mass storage for disk expansion.

The following topics are covered in this chapter:

Overview

Software Architecture

Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2)

Software Package

UC-7400-LX Plus User’s Manual Introduction

1-2

Overview

The UC-7400-LX Plus series of RISC-based communication platforms are ideal for embedded

applications. Features include 8 RS-232/422/485 serial ports, dual 10/100 Mbps Ethernet ports, a

PCMCIA interface for wireless LAN communication, and CompactFlash and USB ports for mass

storage disk expansion.

The UC-7400-LX Plus uses an Intel XScale IXP425 533 Mhz RISC CPU. Unlike the X86 CPU,

which uses a CISC design, the IXP425’s RISC design architecture and modern semiconductor

technology provide the UC-7400-LX Plus with a powerful computing engine and communication

functions, but without generating a lot of heat. The built-in 32 MB NOR Flash ROM and 128 MB

SDRAM give you enough memory to put your application software directly on UC-7400-LX Plus.

In addition, since the dual-LAN ports are built right into the IXP425 CPU, the UC-7400-LX Plus

is an ideal communication platform for network security applications. If your application requires

placing the UC-7400-LX Plus in a location that is not near an Ethernet LAN connection, you can

use the UC-7400-LX Plus’s PCMCIA port to attach a wireless LAN card.

The pre-installed Linux operating system provides an open software operating system for your

software program development. Software written for desktop PCs can be easily ported to the

UC-7400-LX Plus platform with a GNU cross compiler, without needing to modify the source

code. All of the necessary device drivers, such as a PCMCIAwireless LAN module and keypad,

LCM, and buzzer control, are also included with the UC-7400-LX Plus. The operating system,

device drivers, and the software you develop for your own application, can all be stored in the

UC-7400-LX Plus’s Flash memory.

Software Architecture

The Linux operating system that is pre-installed in the UC-7400-LX Plus follows the standard

Linux architecture, making it easy to port programs that follow the POSIX standard to the

UC-7400-LX Plus. Porting is done with the GNU Tool Chain provided by Moxa. In addition to the

Standard POSIXAPI, device drivers for the buzzer and CompactFlash mass storage, UART, digital

input, digital output, and wireless LAN PCMCIA card are also included in the UC-7400-LX Plus

Linux system.

API

Protocol

Stack

Device

Driver

Microkernel

User Application Daemon (Apache, Telnet, FTPD, SNMP)

Application Interface (POSIX, Socket, Secure Socket)

TCP, IP, UDP, CMP, ARP, HTTP, SNMP, SMTP

PCMCIA, CF, WLAN, USB, UART, RTC, LCM, Keypad

Memory control, Schedule, Process

RS-232/422/485, Ethernet, PCMCIA, CompactFlash, USB

File

System

Hardware

lenreKSO

UC-7400-LX Plus User’s Manual Introduction

1-3

The UC-7400-LX Plus’s built-in Flash ROM is partitioned into Boot Loader, Linux Kernel, Root

File System, and User Root File System partitions.

In order to prevent user applications from crashing the Root File System, the UC-7400-LX Plus

uses a specially designed Root File System with protected configuration for emergency use. This

Root File System comes with serial and Ethernet communication capability for users to load the

Factory Default Image file. The user directory saves the user’s settings and applications.

To improve system reliability, the UC-7400-LX Plus has a built-in mechanism that prevents the

system from crashing. When the Linux kernel boots up, the kernel will mount the root file system

for read only, and then enable services and daemons. During this time, the kernel will start

searching for system configuration parameters via rc or inittab.

Normally, the kernel uses the Root File System to boot up the system. Since the Root File System

is protected and cannot be changed by the user, this provides a “safe” zone.

For more information about the memory map and programming, refer to Chapter 5,

“Programmer’s Guide.”

Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2)

The User Root File System in the flash memory is formatted with the Journaling Flash File

System (JFFS2). The formatting process places a compressed file system in the flash memory,

transparent to the user.

The Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2), which was developed byAxis Communications in

Sweden, puts a file system directly on the flash, instead of emulating a block device. It is designed

for use on flash-ROM chips and recognizes the special write requirements of a flash-ROM chip.

JFFS2 implements wear-leveling to extend the life of the flash disk, and stores the flash directory

structure in the RAM. A log-structured file system is maintained at all times. The system is always

consistent, even if it encounters crashes or improper power-downs, and does not require fsck (file

system check) on boot-up.

JFFS2 is the newest version of JFFS. It provides improved wear-leveling and garbage-collection

performance, improved RAM footprint and response to system-memory pressure, improved

concurrency and support for suspending flash erases; marking of bad sectors with continued use of

the remaining good sectors (which enhances the write-life of the devices), native data compression

inside the file system design, and support for hard links.

The key features of JFFS2 are:

Targets the Flash ROM directly

Robustness

Consistency across power failures

No integrity scan (fsck) is required at boot time after normal or abnormal shutdown

Explicit wear leveling

Transparent compression

Although JFFS2 is a journaling file system, this does not preclude the loss of data. The file system

will remain in a consistent state across power failures and will always be mountable. However, if

the board is powered down during a write then the incomplete write will be rolled back on the next

boot, but writes that have already been completed will not be affected.

Additional information about JFFS2 is available at:

http://sources.redhat.com/jffs2/jffs2.pdf

http://developer.axis.com/software/jffs/

http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/

UC-7400-LX Plus User’s Manual Introduction

1-4

Software Package

Boot Loader Redboot (v1.92)

Kernel Monta Vista embedded Linux 2.6.10

Protocol Stacks ARP, PPP, CHAP, PAP, IPv4, ICMP, TCP, UDP, DHCP, FTP, SNMP V1,

HTTP, NTP, NFS, SMTP, SSH 1.0/2.0, SSL, Telnet, PPPoE, OpenVPN

File System JFFS2, NFS, Ext2, Ext3, VFAT/FAT

OS shell command bash

Busybox Linux normal command utility collection

Utilities

tinylogin login and user manager utility

telnet telnet client program

ftp FTP client program

smtpclient email utility

scp Secure file transfer Client Program

Daemons

pppd dial in/out over serial port daemon

snmpd snmpd agent daemon

telnetd telnet server daemon

inetd TCP server manager program

ftpd ftp server daemon

apache web server daemon

sshd secure shell server

nfs-user-server network file system server

openvpn virtual private network

openssl open SSL

Linux Tool Chain

Gcc (V3.4.3) C/C++ PC Cross Compiler

GDB (V6.3) Source Level Debug Server

Glibc (V2.2.5) POSIX standard C library

Chapter 2 Getting Started

In this chapter, we explain how to connect the UC-7400-LX Plus, turn on the power, and then get

started using the programming and other functions.

The following topics are covered in this chapter:

Powering on the UC-7400-LX Plus

Connecting the UC-7400-LX Plus to a PC

Serial Console

Telnet Console

SSH Console

Configuring the Ethernet Interface

Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console

Modifying Network Settings over the Network

Using IPv6 Command Utilities

Configuring the WLAN through the PCMCIA Interface

Connecting to 3G Networks through the PCMCIA Interface

Test Program—Developing Hello.c

Installing the Tool Chain (Linux)

Checking the Flash Memory Space

Compiling Hello.c

Uploading and Running the “Hello” Program

Developing Your First Application

Testing Environment

Compiling tcps2.c

Uploading and Running the “tcps2-release” Program

Testing Procedure Summary

UC-7400-LX Plus User’s Manual Getting Started

2-2

Powering on the UC-7400-LX Plus

Connect the SG wire to the Shielded Contact located in the upper left corner of the UC-7400-LX

Plus, and then power on the computer by connecting it to the power adaptor. It takes about 30 to

60 seconds for the system to boot up. Once the system is ready, the Ready LED will light up, and

the model name of the computer will appear on the LCM display.

NOTE After connecting the UC-7400 LX Plus to the power supply, it will take about 30 to 60 seconds for

the operating system to boot up. The green Ready LED will not turn on until the operating system

is ready.

Connecting the UC-7400-LX Plus to a PC

There are two ways to connect the UC-7400-LX Plus to a PC: (1) Through the serial console port,

and (2) via Telnet over the network.

Serial Console

The serial console port gives users a convenient way of connecting to the UC-7400-LX Plus

console utility. This method is particularly useful when using the computer for the first time. The

signal is transmitted over a direct serial connection, so that you do not need to know any of the IP

addresses in order to connect to the serial console utility.

Use the serial console port settings shown below.

Baudrate 115200 b

Parit

one

Data bits 8

Sto

bits: 1

Flow Control

one

Terminal VT100

Once the connection is established, the following window will open.

To log in, type the Login name and password as requested. The default values are both root:

Password: root

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