Novell SUSE LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 11 SP1 - 8-18-2010 VIRTUALIZATION WITH... Manuale utente

SUSE Linux Enterprise

Desktop

www.novell.com11 SP1

August18,2010 Virtualization with Xen

Virtualization with Xen

Legal Notice

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For Novell trademarks, see the Novell Trademark and Service Mark list http://www.novell

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All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this

does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither Novell, Inc., SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, the authors,

nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.

Contents

About This Manual vii

Part I Getting Started with Xen 1

1Introduction to Xen Virtualization 3

1.1 BasicComponents......................... 3

1.2 Understanding Virtualization Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3 Xen Virtualization Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.4 The Virtual Machine Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2Setting Up a Virtual Machine Host 9

2.1 Best Practices and Suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.2 Managing Domain0 Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.3 Network Card in Fully Virtualized Guests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.4 Starting the Virtual Machine Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.5 PCIPass-Through......................... 15

3Setting Up Virtual Machines 19

3.1 Creating a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.2 Installing an Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.3 Including Add-On Products in the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.4 Using the Command Line to Create Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.5 Deleting Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.6 Using an Existing SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop Virtual Machine . . . . . 27

3.7 Troubleshooting ......................... 28

4Updating SLE 10 Systems to SLE 11 29

4.1 Boot Loader Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Part II Advanced Congurations 31

5Managing a Virtualization Environment 33

5.1 Virtual Machine Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

5.2 Controlling the Host by Modifying Xend Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

5.3 Conguring a Virtual Machine by Modifying its Xend Settings . . . . . . 37

5.4 The xm Command......................... 38

5.5 Automatic Starting of Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

5.6 Migrating Xen VM Guest Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

6Virtual Networking 45

6.1 VirtualBridges.......................... 46

6.2 Network Devices for Guest Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

6.3 Host Based Routing in Xen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

6.4 Creating a Masqueraded Network Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

6.5 Special Congurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

7Block Devices in Xen 59

7.1 Mapping Physical Storage to Virtual Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

7.2 File-Backed Virtual Disks and Loopback Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

7.3 Resizing Block Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

8Virtualization: Conguration Options and Settings 63

8.1 VirtualCDReaders........................ 63

8.2 Remote Access Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

8.3 VNCViewer........................... 67

8.4 VirtualKeyboards......................... 69

8.5 UsingPVUSB........................... 72

8.6 UsingLockFiles.......................... 74

8.7 HVMFeatures.......................... 74

Part III Administration and Best Practices 77

9Administration Tasks 79

9.1 The Boot Loader Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

9.2 Sparse Image Files and Disk Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

9.3 Migrating Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

9.4 Passing Key Combinations to Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

9.5 MonitoringXen.......................... 85

9.6 Extra Guest Descriptions in Xen Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

9.7 Providing Host Information for VM Guest Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 88

10 Save and Restore of Virtual Machines 91

10.1 Saving Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

10.2 Restoring Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

10.3 Virtual Machine States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

11 Xen as High Availability Virtualization Host 95

11.1 Xen HA with Remote Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

11.2 Xen HA with Local Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

11.3 Xen HA and Private Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

12 SUSE Linux Virtual Machines 99

12.1 Using the Add-On Products Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

12.2 Virtual Machine Clock Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

12.3 Updating a Network Installation Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

13 Virtual Machine Drivers 105

Part IV Appendix 107

AVirtual Machine Initial Start-Up Files 109

BSXP Conguration Options 113

About This Manual

This manual offers an introduction to virtualization technology of your SUSE Linux

Enterprise Desktop. It features an overview of the various elds of application and in-

stallation types of each of the platforms supported by SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop

as well as a short description of the installation procedure.

Many chapters in this manual contain links to additional documentation resources. This

includes additional documentation that is available on the system as well as documen-

tation available on the Internet.

For an overview of the documentation available for your product and the latest docu-

mentation updates, refer to http://www.novell.com/documentation.

Quality service is also available. Experts can answer questions about installation or

conguration, make reliable security updates available, and support development

projects.

Documentation regarding the Open Enterprise Server 2 is found at http://www

.novell.com/documentation/oes2/index.html.

1 Available Documentation

We provide HTML and PDF versions of our books in different languages. The following

manuals for users and administrators are available on this product:

KDE User Guide (↑KDE User Guide)

Introduces the KDE desktop of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop. It guides you

through using and conguring the desktop and helps you perform key tasks. It is

intended mainly for users who want to make efcient use of KDE as their default

desktop.

GNOME User Guide (↑GNOME User Guide)

Introduces the GNOME desktop of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop. It guides you

through using and conguring the desktop and helps you perform key tasks. It is

intended mainly for end users who want to make efcient use of GNOME desktop

as their default desktop.

Application Guide (↑Application Guide)

Learn how to use and congure key desktop applications on SUSE Linux Enterprise

Desktop. This guide introduces browsers and e-mail clients as well as ofce appli-

cations and collaboration tools. It also covers graphics and multimedia applications.

Deployment Guide (↑Deployment Guide)

Shows how to install single or multiple systems and how to exploit the product

inherent capabilities for a deployment infrastructure. Choose from various approach-

es, ranging from a local installation or a network installation server to a mass de-

ployment using a remote-controlled, highly-customized, and automated installation

technique.

Administration Guide (↑Administration Guide)

Covers system administration tasks like maintaining, monitoring and customizing

an initially installed system.

Security Guide (↑Security Guide)

Introduces basic concepts of system security, covering both local and network se-

curity aspects. Shows how to make use of the product inherent security software

like Novell AppArmor (which lets you specify per program which les the program

may read, write, and execute) or the auditing system that reliably collects informa-

tion about any security-relevant events.

System Analysis and Tuning Guide (↑System Analysis and Tuning Guide)

An administrator's guide for problem detection, resolution and optimization. Find

how to inspect and optimize your system by means of monitoring tools and how

to efciently manage resources. Also contains an overview of common problems

and solutions and of additional help and documentation resources.

Virtualization with Xen (page 1)

Offers an introduction to virtualization technology of your product. It features an

overview of the various elds of application and installation types of each of the

platforms supported by SUSE Linux Enterprise Server as well as a short description

of the installation procedure.

In addition to the comprehensive manuals, several quick start guides are available:

KDE Quick Start (↑KDE Quick Start)

Gives a short introduction to the KDE desktop and some key applications running

on it.

viii Virtualization with Xen

GNOME Quick Start (↑GNOME Quick Start)

Gives a short introduction to the GNOME desktop and some key applications

running on it.

OpenOfce.org Quick Start

Gives a short introduction into the OpenOfce.org suite and its modules for writing

texts, working with spreadsheets, or creating graphics and presentations.

Installation Quick Start (↑Installation Quick Start)

Lists the system requirements and guides you step-by-step through the installation

of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop from DVD, or from an ISO image.

Linux Audit Quick Start

Gives a short overview how to enable and congure the auditing system and how

to execute key tasks such as setting up audit rules, generating reports, and analyzing

the log les.

Novell AppArmor Quick Start

Helps you understand the main concepts behind Novell® AppArmor.

Find HTML versions of most product manuals in your installed system under /usr/

share/doc/manual or in the help centers of your desktop. Find the latest documen-

tation updates at http://www.novell.com/documentation where you can

download PDF or HTML versions of the manuals for your product.

2 Feedback

Several feedback channels are available:

Bugs and Enhancement Requests

For services and support options available for your product, refer to http://www

.novell.com/services/.

To report bugs for a product component, please use http://support.novell

.com/additional/bugreport.html.

Submit enhancement requests at https://secure-www.novell.com/rms/

rmsTool?action=ReqActions.viewAddPage&return=www.

About This Manual ix

User Comments

We want to hear your comments and suggestions about this manual and the other

documentation included with this product. Use the User Comments feature at the

bottom of each page in the online documentation or go to http://www.novell

.com/documentation/feedback.html and enter your comments there.

3 Documentation Conventions

The following typographical conventions are used in this manual:

•/etc/passwd: directory names and lenames

•placeholder: replace placeholder with the actual value

•PATH: the environment variable PATH

•ls,--help: commands, options, and parameters

•user: users or groups

•Alt,Alt +F1: a key to press or a key combination; keys are shown in uppercase as

on a keyboard

•File,File >Save As: menu items, buttons

•Dancing Penguins (Chapter Penguins, ↑Another Manual): This is a reference to a

chapter in another manual.

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