NXP Semiconductors PN7150 Manuale utente

UM10936

PN7150 User Manual

Rev. 1.1 — 24 May 2016

348111

User manual

COMPANY PUBLIC

Document information

Info

Content

Keywords

PN7150, NFC, NFCC, NCI 1.0

Abstract

This is a user manual for the PN7150 NFC Controller.

The aim of this document is to describe the PN7150

interfaces, modes of

operation and possible configurations.

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Contact information

For more information, please visit:

http://www.nxp.com

Revision history

Rev

Date

Description

1.1

20160524

Security status changed into COMPANY PUBLIC

1.0

20141124

First official release of the document

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1. Introduction

The PN7150 is a full features NFC controller for contactless communication at

13.56 MHz.

The User Manual describes the software interfaces (API), based on the NFC FORUM

standard, NCI.

Note: this document includes cross-references, which can be used to directly access the

section/chapter referenced in the text. These cross-references are indicated by the

following sign: ‘→’. This sign is positioned right before the section/chapter reference. The

way to jump to the referenced section/chapter depends on the file format:

• In the word format, you have to first press the key “Ctrl” on the key board and then

to click on the section/chapter reference number pointed by the ‘→’ sign. The

mouse symbol changes to a small hand when it is positioned on the

section/chapter reference number.

• In .pdf format, you only have to click on the section/chapter reference number

pointed by the ‘→’ sign : the mouse symbol automatically changes to a small hand

when it is positioned on the section/chapter reference number

As this document assumes pre-knowledge on certain technologies please check section

→16: References to find the appropriate documentation.

For further information please refer to the PN7150 data sheet [PN7150_DS].

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2. The PN7150 architecture overview

The PN7150 is an NFC Controller, which is briefly described in Fig 1:

• The top part describes the Device Host (DH) architecture with Higher Layer Driver

(e.g. Android stack) hosting the different kind of applications (Reader/Writer, Peer

to Peer, Card Emulation in the DH-NFCEE), the NCI driver & the transport layer

driver.

• The PN7150 is the NFCC in the Fig 1. It is connected to the DH through a physical

interface which is an I²C. The PN7150 firmware supports the NCI specification but

also provides support for additional extensions that are not contained in the NCI

specification. These additional extensions are specific to the PN7150 chip and are

proprietary to NXP.

• The bottom part of the figure contains the RF antenna connected to the PN7150,

which can communicate over RF with a Tag (Card) and a Reader/Writer or a Peer

device.

Antenna

NFCC

NCI driver

Card

Emulat°

Transport

Layer FW

NCI

firmware

Transport layer

driver

TAG

Card

Reader/Writer

P2P

Reader

/ Writer P2P

DH-NFCEE

I²C host interface

Fig 1. PN7150 system architecture

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For contactless operation, several Modes of operation are possible, based on the overall

system described above.

2.1 Reader/Writer Operation in Poll Mode

This mode of operation is further detailed in chapter →7.

The Reader/Writer application running on the DH is accessing a remote contactless

Tag/Card, through the PN7150.

Antenna

NFCC

Transport

Layer FW

NCI

firmware

TAG

Card

Reader/Writer

P2P

NCI driver

Card

Emulat°

Transport layer

driver

Reader

/ Writer P2P

DH-NFCEE

I²C host interface

Fig 2. Reader/Writer

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2.2 Card Emulation Operation in Listen Mode

This mode of operation is further detailed in chapter →8.

An external Reader/Writer accesses the DH-NFCEE emulating a contactless card, through

the PN7150.

Antenna

NFCC

Transport

Layer FW

NCI

firmware

TAG

Card

Reader/Writer

P2P

NCI driver

Card

Emulat°

Transport layer

driver

Reader

/ Writer P2P

DH-NFCEE

I²C host interface

Fig 3. Card Emulation

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2.3 Peer to Peer Operation in Listen & Poll Mode

This mode of operation is further detailed in chapter →9

The P2P application running on the DH is accessing a remote Peer device, through the

PN7150.

Antenna

NFCC

Transport

Layer FW

NCI

firmware

TAG

Card

Reader/Writer

P2P

NCI driver

Card

Emulat°

Transport layer

driver

Reader

/ Writer P2P

DH-NFCEE

I²C

host interface

Fig 4. Peer to peer

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2.4 Combined Modes of Operation

The PN7150 firmware is able to combine the basic modes of operation described above,

using the RF Discovery as defined in [NCI]. As the PN7150 offers more features than what

[NCI] addressed, NXP has defined some proprietary extensions.

The principle used to combine the various modes of operation is to build a cyclic activity

which will sequentially activate various modes of operation. This cyclic activity is called the

polling loop. This loop alternates listening phase (NFCC behaves as card or target) and

polling phase (NFCC behaves as a reader/writer or an initiator). A cycle of the polling loop

is called RF discovery sequence; it is made of 3 steps:

1. Start a Polling phase to look for a remote Tag/Card or a remote Target. If several

technologies are enabled by the DH, PN7150 will poll sequentially for all the

enabled technologies.

2. If no card or tag or target was detected, PN7150 enters a Listening phase, to

potentially be activated as a Card / Tag emulator or a P2P target by an external

Reader/Writer or external Initiator.

3. If no device to interact is detected during polling phase (step 1) or listening phase

(step 2), then after a programmable timeout, PN7150 switches back to polling

phase (step 1).

A combination of the 3 different steps defines a polling loop profile.

The RF discovery sequence is usually drawn as below (here applied for the NFC forum

polling loop profile where technologies NFC-A, NFC-B & NFC-F are activated in Poll

Mode):

NFC-F

NFC-A

NFC-B

Polling phase

Listening phase

Fig 5. RF discovery sequence (NFC FORUM profile)

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Please note that when the PN7150 is in Poll phase, it consumes a significant amount of

current: in the range of 30mA (depending on the antenna characteristics). This applies at

least for the 3 polled technologies drawn on the Fig 5, above (NFC-A, NFC-B and NFC_F)

and it is due to the fact that the PN7150 has to generate the RF carrier (13.56MHz).

However, during the Listen phase, the PN7150 current consumption is reduced to around

20µA when standby mode is enabled, due to the fact that it is waiting for the detection of

an externally generated RF carrier.

Here is a figure illustrating a RF Discovery sequence, where polling is enabled only for

NFC-A & NFC-B, for simplicity:

RF Field

Poll A Poll B Poll A Poll B

~30 mA

~20 µA

~20ms ~300ms

Poll Phase Poll PhaseListen Phase Listen

Phase

Listen

Phase

One complete RF Discovery Sequence

Current

consumption

Fig 6. Power consumption during RF discovery sequence (NFC forum profile)

In a typical set-up, the polling phase is approximately 20ms long while the listening phase

is usually in the range 300ms to 500ms long (this is configured thanks to the NCI parameter

called TOTAL_DURATION).

For 500ms this gives an average power consumption of:

[30x20 + 0.02x500] / 520 = 1.17mA.

This average consumption can even be further optimized, using the PN7150 feature called

“Tag Detector”. See chapter →10.4 for more details.

See chapter →10 for further details on the RF discovery activity.

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3. NCI Overview

The aim of this section is to give an overview of the key points of the [NCI] specification.

3.1 NCI Components

Here below are described the NCI component as defined in [NCI] which are located in the

NFCC embedded FW.

NCI modules

NCI Core

Transport

Mapping 1

Transport

Mapping 2

Transport

Mapping n

Transport 1 Transport 2 Transport n

(...)

RF Discovery

NFCEE

Discovery

NFCEE

Interfaces

RF Interfaces

(...)

Fig 7. NCI components

3.1.1 NCI Modules

NCI modules are built on top of the functionality provided by the NCI Core. Each module

provides a well-defined functionality to the DH. NCI modules provide the functionality to

configure the NFCC and to discover and communicate with Remote NFC Endpoints (see

[NCI] for definition) or with DH-NFCEEs.

Some NCI modules are mandatory parts of an NCI implementation, others are optional.

There can also be dependencies between NCI modules in the sense that a module may

only be useful if there are other modules implemented as well. For example all modules

that deal with communication with a Remote NFC Endpoint (the RF Interface modules)

depend on the RF Discovery to be present.

3.1.2 NCI Core

The NCI Core defines the basic functionality of the communication between a Device Host

(DH) and an NFC Controller (NFCC). This enables Control Message (Command,

Response and Notification) and Data Message exchange between an NFCC and a DH.

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