PASCO ES-9080A Manuale utente

Instruction Manual

Manual No. 012-07227D

Basic Electrostatics

System

Model No. ES-9080A

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080A

Table of Contents

Equipment List........................................................... 3

Introduction .......................................................... 4-5

Equipment Description .............................................. 5-11

Electrometer ...................................................................................................................................5

Electrostatics Voltage Source ........................................................................................................6

Variable Capacitor .........................................................................................................................7

Charge Producers and Proof Plane............................................................................................. 7-8

Proof Plane................................................................................................................................. 8-9

Faraday Ice Pail............................................................................................................................10

Conductive Spheres......................................................................................................................11

Resistor-Capacitor Network Accessory .......................................................................................11

Electrometer Operation and Setup Requirements................12-13

Suggested Demonstrations ........................................14-34

Demonstration 1: Faraday Ice Pail and Charge Production................................................... 14-17

Demonstration 2: Charge Distribution................................................................................... 18-20

Demonstration 3: Capacitance and Dielectrics ...................................................................... 21-29

Demonstration 4: Charging and Discharging Capacitors ...................................................... 30-34

Technical Support......................................................35

Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System

Basic Electrostatics System

Model No. ES-9080

Equipment List

!"#$%&$'()*$+$,-%./0$(%12+3$4#%-/%$5'$06-$%4$'()*$+$,-%/40$4#7

!!%8/+$%*)3($#%,/-%#9/:,

Included Equipment Replacement

Model Number*

1. Basic Electrometer (1)** ES-9078

2. Electrostatics Voltage Source (1)** ES-9077

3. Basic Variable Capacitor (1)** ES-9079

4. Charge Producers (2) and proof plane (1) ES-9075B

5. Faraday Ice Pail and Shield (1) ES-9042A

6. Conductive Spheres (2) ES-9059B

Additional Equipment Required

Any PASCO data acquisition device (ScienceWorkshop®500, 750 SCSI or

750 USB interface)

CI-6400 or CI-6450 or

CI-7599

Resistor-Capacitor Network ES-9053A

A computer NA

DataStudio®or ScienceWorkshop®software CI-6870C

1;%<%,/-%)=)6()3($%>/4%#)($%>4/+%?;8@A

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080

Introduction

B$+/,#-4)-6/,#%/>%$($*-4/#-)-6*%'9$,/+$,/,%9)=$%-4)06-6/,)((C%3$$,%

(6+6-$0%-/%-9$%#6+'($#-%$5'$46+$,-#D%2#6,E%-9$%+/#-%$($+$,-)4C%

$F26'+$,-D%3$*)2#$%/>%'4/3($+#%:6-9%-$*9,6F2$%),0%)'')4)-2#7%

./4$/=$4D%-9$%-4)06-6/,)(%0$+/,#-4)-6/,#%2#2)((C%E)=$%F2)(6-)-6=$%

4)-9$4%-9),%F2),-6-)-6=$%4$#2(-#7%?;8@A%9)#%)--$+'-$0%-/%4$+$0C%-96#%

3C%0$#6E,6,E%-9$%*/+'($-$%G8HIJKI%L)#6*%G($*-4/#-)-6*#%#C#-$+7%M96#%

E260$%:6((%E6=$%-9$%6,#-42*-/4%$,/2E9%/>%)%#-$'H3CH#-$'%$5'(),)-6/,%-/%

+)#-$4%0$+/,#-4)-6/,%-$*9,6F2$#7%M9$%4),E$%/>%0$+/,#-4)-6/,#%6,%-96#%

E260$%+/4$%-9),%*/=$4#%-9$%+)-$46)(%2#2)((C%'4$#$,-$0%6,%),%

2,0$4E4)02)-$%2,6-%/,%$($*-4/#-)-6*#7

N$$'%6,%+6,0%-9$%>/((/:6,E%'46,*6'($#%>/4%C/24%$($*-4/#-)-6*%

0$+/,#-4)-6/,#O%

P%%&$)0%-9$%QGF26'+$,-%B$#*46'-6/,R%/>%-96#%+),2)(D%:96*9%'4/=60$#%

6,>/4+)-6/,%)3/2-%2#6,E%-9$%$F26'+$,-7

P%%GF26'+$,-%/46$,-)-6/,#%H%;44),E$%-9$%)'')4)-2#%-/%3$%2#$0%#/%-9)-%6-%

6#%#2>>6*6$,-(C%#$')4)-$0%),0%,$)-(C%)44),E$0%-/%6,#24$%-9)-%-9$%

#-20$,-#%*),%*($)4(C%#$$%-9$%#$-2'7%%G)*9%0$+/,#-4)-6/,%6,*(20$#%)%

06)E4)+%/>%-9$%#2EE$#-$0%$F26'+$,-%#$-2'7%;%'4$>$44$0%#$-2'%:/2(0%

)(#/%2#$%)%*/+'2-$4%:6-9%)%ScienceWorkshop® 6,-$4>)*$%-/%06#'()C%

-9$%4$)06,E#%>4/+%-9$%G($*-4/+$-$4%SG8HIJKTU%6,%)%*/+'2-$4%#*4$$,%

-9)-%)((%*),%$)#6(C%#$$7%SV/2%*),%2#$%),%),)(/E%06#'()CD%>/4%$5)+'($D%

-/%#9/:%-9$%0$>($*-6/,#%/>%-9$%,$$0($D%/4%)%06E6-#%06#'()C%-/%#9/:%-9$%

=/(-)E$7U%W>%)%*/+'2-$4%6#%,/-%)=)6()3($D%#$-%-9$%0$+/,#-4)-6/,%

$($*-4/+$-$4%2'46E9-%-/%)((/:%-9$%+$-$4%-/%$)#6(C%3$%#$$,7%;(:)C#%

*/,#60$4%9/:%-9$%$F26'+$,-%)44),E$+$,-%+)C%)>>$*-%*9)4E$%

06#-4632-6/,#7%X/4%$5)+'($D%)%+6#'()*$0%'/:$4%#2''(C%*),%$)#6(C%

*9),E$%-9$%*9)4E$%06#-4632-6/,%/,%)%,$)43C%#'9$4$7%X6,)((CD%)(:)C#%

#-),0%3$96,0%-9$%0$+/,#-4)-6/,%-)3($%-/%)=/60%/3#-42*-6,E%),C/,$Y#%

=6$:7

P%%G)4-9%E4/2,0#%H%;(-9/2E9%6-%6#%,/-%)(:)C#%#-46*-(C%,$*$##)4CD%-9$%

0$+/,#-4)-/4%#9/2(0%3$%*/,,$*-$0%-/%),%$)4-9%E4/2,07%8-4)C%*9)4E$#%

/,%-9$%0$+/,#-4)-/4%*),%*46''($%),%$5'$46+$,-7%;(#/D%Z$$'%-9$%

$($*-4/+$-$4%E4/2,0$0%2,($##%#'$*6>6*%6,#-42*-6/,#%)4$%E6=$,%-/%-9$%

*/,-4)4C7

P%%;=/60%2,,$*$##)4C%+/=$+$,-%H%W>%-9$%0$+/,#-4)-/4%:)(Z#%)4/2,0%/4%

:)=$#%96#[9$4%)4+#%$5*$##6=$(CD%*9)4E$%*),%326(0%2'%6,%*(/-96,E%),0%

)>>$*-%-9$%4$#2(-#7

P%%\2+606-C%H%M9$%?;8@A%0$+/,#-4)-6/,%$($*-4/+$-$4%9)#%3$$,%

0$#6E,$0%-/%+6,6+6]$%-9$%$>>$*-#%/>%92+606-C7%\/:$=$4D%)%

Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System

')4-6*2()4(C%92+60%0)C%*),%*)2#$%*9)4E$#%-/%($)Z%/>>%),C%/>%-9$%%

)'')4)-2#D%4)06*)((C%*9),E6,E%-9$%*9)4E$%06#-4632-6/,7%M/%9$('%

+6,6+6]$%($)Z)E$D%Z$$'%)((%$F26'+$,-%>4$$%/>%02#-%),0%/6(%S$7E7%>4/+%

>6,E$4'46,-#U7%A,%-9$%/-9$4%9),0D%)%')4-6*2()4(C%04C%0)C%*),%*)2#$%

*9)4E$%-/%$)#6(C%326(0%2'%6,%),C%+/=6,E%/3^$*-D%6,*(206,E%'$/'($7%

.6,6+6]$%)((%+/=$+$,-%:9$,%0$+/,#-4)-6,E%/,%)%=$4C%04C%0)C7

P%%?4)*-6*$%H%1/-96,E%*),%426,%-9$%6,#-42*-6=$%=)(2$%/>%)%0$+/,#-4)-6/,%

+/4$%-9),%>)6(24$%02$%-/%)%0$+/,#-4)-/4Y#%2,>)+6(6)46-C%:6-9%-9$%

$F26'+$,-%),0%'4/*$024$7

L$>/4$%'4$#$,-6,E%)%#$46$#%/>%$($*-4/#-)-6*%0$+/,#-4)-6/,#D%-9$%#-20$,-%

S),0%/>%*/24#$D%-9$%6,#-42*-/4U%#9/2(0%3$%+)0$%):)4$%/>%-9$%>/((/:6,EO

P%M9$%-9$/4C%),0%2#$%/>%-9$%X)4)0)C%W*$%?)6(7%SM96#%6#%)0$F2)-$(C%

*/=$4$0%6,%-9$%QGF26'+$,-%B$#*46'-6/,R%#$*-6/,%),0%6,%

B$+/,#-4)-6/,%_7U

P%M9$%'/##63($%06#-/4-6/,%/>%*9)4E$%0$,#6-C%02$%-/%6+'4/'$4%2#$%/>%-9$%

'4//>%'(),$7%S8$$%-9$%QGF26'+$,-%B$#*46'-6/,R%#$*-6/,7U

P%&$#602)(%*9)4E$%+)C%326(0%2'%6,%-9$%'()#-6*%6,#2()-/4%3$-:$$,%-9$%

9),0($%),0%06#Z%/>%-9$%'4//>%'(),$%),0%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4#7%.)Z$%#24$%

-/%E4/2,0%-9$#$%')4-#%3$>/4$%),C%$5'$46+$,-7

P%M9$%*)')*6-),*$%/>%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%+2#-%3$%*/,#60$4$0%:9$,%

*)(*2()-6,E%-9$%+)E,6-20$%/>%)%*9)4E$%>4/+%-9$%=/(-)E$%4$)06,E%/>%-9$%

$($*-4/+$-$47%S8$$%B$+/,#-4)-6/,%`%>/4%-9$%'4/*$024$%,$*$##)4C%-/%

0$-$4+6,$%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4Y#%*)')*6-),*$7U

LC%>/((/:6,E%-9$%)3/=$%'46,*6'($#%),0%3C%'4)*-6*6,ED%-9$%0$+/,#-4)-/4%

#9/2(0%9)=$%)%96E9%0$E4$$%/>%#2**$##%:6-9%-9$%0$+/,#-4)-6/,#%),0%>6,0%

-9$64%$02*)-6/,)(%$>>$*-%/>%E4$)-%=)(2$7

Equipment Description

Electrometer (ES-9078)

M9$%./0$(%G8HIJKT%G($*-4/+$-$4%6#%)%=/(-+$-$4%2#$0%>/4%064$*-%

+$)#24$+$,-#%/>%=/(-)E$%),0%6,064$*-%+$)#24$+$,-#%/>%*244$,-%),0%

*9)4E$7%L$*)2#$%/>%6-#%96E9%SQ6,>6,6-$RU%6+'$0),*$%/>%_J_a%:%6-%6#%

$#'$*6)((C%#26-$0%>/4%+$)#246,E%*9)4E$%6,%$($*-4/#-)-6*%$5'$46+$,-#7%W-%

9)#%)%#$,#6-6=6-C%,$)4(C%_JJJ%-6+$#%-9)-%/>%)%#-),0)40%E/(0H($)>%

$($*-4/#*/'$D%)%*$,-$4H]$4/%+$-$4%-9)-%064$*-(C%6,06*)-$#%*9)4E$%

'/()46-CD%),0%+$)#24$#%*9)4E$#%)#%(/:%)#%_JH__%*/2(/+3#7%

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080

b6-9%-9$#$%>$)-24$#D%C/2Y((%>6,0%-9)-%C/24%$($*-4/#-)-6*#%0$+/,#-4)-6/,#%

),0%()3#%)4$%$)#6$4%-/%'$4>/4+%),0D%:6-9%F2),-6-)-6=$%0)-)D%)4$%+/4$%

6,>/4+)-6=$7

M9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%6#%'/:$4$0%3C%>/24%;;H)(Z)(6,$%3)--$46$#D%$)#6(C%

4$'()*$0%3C%/'$,6,E%-9$%3)*Z%*)#6,E%/>%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$47%A,$%/>%-9$%

>4/,-%'),$(%4),E$H6,06*)-/4%cGB#%:6((%3(6,Z%#(/:(C%:9$,%-9$%3)--$46$#%

,$$0%-/%3$%4$'()*$07%b9$,%4$'()*6,E%3)--$46$#D%0/%,/-%-/2*9%),C%/>%-9$%

*/+'/,$,-#%/4%:64$#%6,%-9$%6,-$E4)-$0%*64*26-%'),$(D%#6,*$%-9$C%)4$%)((%

#-)-6*%#$,#6-6=$7

Electrostatics Voltage Source (ES-9077)

M9$%G8HIJKK%6#%)%96E9%=/(-)E$D%

(/:%*244$,-%'/:$4%#2''(C%

0$#6E,$0%$5*(2#6=$(C%>/4%

$5'$46+$,-#%6,%$($*-4/#-)-6*#7%W-%

9)#%/2-'2-#%)-%`J%=/(-#%B@%>/4%

*)')*6-/4%'()-$%$5'$46+$,-#D%

),0%_%ZdD%e%ZdD%),0%`%Zd%

/2-'2-#%>/4%-9$%X)4)0)C%6*$%')6(%

),0%*/,02*-6,E%#'9$4$%

$5'$46+$,-#7%;((%/>%-9$%=/(-)E$%

/2-'2-#%S$5*$'-%>/4%-9$%`J%=/(-%

/2-'2-U%9)=$%)%#$46$#%4$#6#-),*$%

)##/*6)-$0%:6-9%-9$+%:96*9%(6+6-%-9$%)=)6()3($%#9/4-H*64*26-%/2-'2-%

*244$,-%-/%)3/2-%T7`%+6*4/)+'#7%M9$%`J%=/(-%/2-'2-%6#%4$E2()-$0D%32-%6#%

*)')3($%/>%0$(6=$46,E%/,(C%)3/2-%_%+6((6)+'%3$>/4$%>)((6,E%/2-%/>%

4$E2()-6/,7

meter display

Zero button, ground

and remove excess

charge

output for

signal interface

mechanical zero

adjust screw

(adjust with

power off)

connect to

earth ground

connect test

lead here

push to turn

ON/OFF

Slide to select

voltage range

(3, 10, 30, 100)

Figure 1: Front Panel Controls of the Electrometer

Figure 2: Electrostatics

Voltag e Source

ground

Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System

Variable Capacitor (ES-9079)

M9$%?;8@A%$5'$46+$,-)(%=)46)3($%

*)')*6-/4%*/,#6#-#%/>%-:/%+$-)(%'()-$#D%eJ%

*+%6,%06)+$-$4D%:96*9%*),%3$%)0^2#-$0%-/%

=)46/2#%#$')4)-6/,#7%M9$%+/=)3($%'()-$%6#%

+/2,-$0%/,%)%*)(634)-$0%#(60$%:96*9%E6=$#%

-9$%'()-$%#$')4)-6/,%064$*-(C%6,%

*$,-6+$-$4#7%L6,06,E%'/#-#%)4$%'4/=60$0%

>/4%$($*-46*)(%*/,,$*-6/,%-/%$)*9%'()-$7%

M94$$%'()#-6*%#')*$4#%)4$%)--)*9$0%-/%-9$%

>65$0%'()-$%#/%-9)-%:9$,%-9$%+/=)3($%

'()-$%6#%+)0$%-/%-/2*9%-9$#$%#')*$4#D%-9$%

'()-$%#$')4)-6/,%6#%_%++7

"#$%)%(/:H*)')*6-),*$%*)3($%-/%*/,,$*-%-9$%'()-$#%-/%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$47%%

N$$'%-9$%($)0#%/>%-9$%*)3($#%#$')4)-$0%)#%+2*9%)#%'/##63($%-/%+6,6+6]$%

*)')*6-),*$7

W-%6#%=$4C%6+'/4-),-%-9)-%-9$%'()-$#%/>%-9$%*)')*6-/4%4$+)6,%')4)(($(7%W-%6#%

'/##63($%-9)-%-94/2E9%+6#9),0(6,ED%-9$C%:6((%*$)#$%-/%3$%')4)(($(D%),0%

)0^2#-+$,-#%+2#-%3$%+)0$7%A,%-9$%3)*Z%#60$%/>%-9$%>65$0%'()-$%6#%)%

#$*/,0D%#+)(($4%'()-$%:6-9%-94$$%#$-%#*4$:#7%LC%)0^2#-6,E%-9$#$%-94$$%

#*4$:#D%-9$%-:/%'()-$#%+)C%3$%Z$'-%')4)(($(7

N$$'%-9$%*($)4%)*4C(6*%'()-$%#2''/4-#%*($),%-/%'4$=$,-%*9)4E$%($)Z)E$%

>4/+%-9$%'()-$#7%

Charge Producers and Proof Plane (ES-9057A)

M9$%@9)4E$%?4/02*$4#%),0%-9$%

?4//>%?(),$%)4$%$($*-4/#-)-6*%

*/+'/,$,-#%>/4%2#$%:6-9%-9$%

?;8@A%G($*-4/#-)-6*%8C#-$+7%M9$%

*9)4E$%'4/02*$4#%)4$%2#$0%-/%

E$,$4)-$%*9)4E$#%3C%*/,-)*-7%M9$%

'4//>%'(),$%6#%2#$0%-/%+$)#24$%

*9)4E$%0$,#6-C%/,%)%*9)4E$0%

#24>)*$7

M9$%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4#%*/,#6#-%/>%

-:/%:),0#D%/,$%:6-9%3(2$%),0%/,$%

:6-9%:96-$%+)-$46)(%)--)*9$0%-/%)%*/,02*-6=$%06#ZD%)#%#9/:,%6,%X6E24$%

a7%W>%-9$%3(2$%),0%:96-$%#24>)*$#%)4$%346#Z(C%4233$0%-/E$-9$4D%-9$%:96-$%

#24>)*$%)*F264$#%)%'/#6-6=$%*9)4E$D%),0%-9$%3(2$%#24>)*$%)*F264$#%)%

,$E)-6=$%*9)4E$7

Figure 3: Variable

Capacitor

Figure 4: Charge Producers

white

surface

blue

surface

non-conductive neck

conductive

disks

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080

\$4$%)4$%#/+$%E260$(6,$#%6,%-9$%'4/'$4%2#$%),0%*)4$%/>%-9$%*9)4E$%

'4/02*$4#%-9)-%)4$%6+'/4-),-%-/%4$+$+3$4O

P%W>%)%]$4/%*9)4E$%6#%0$#64)3($D%06#*9)4E$%-9$%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4#%3C%

-/2*96,E%-9$%*/,02*-6=$%06#Z%-/%E4/2,07%M/%3$%#24$%-9$%06#Z%6#%>2((C%

06#*9)4E$0D%E$,-(C%34$)-9$%/,%-9$%,/,H*/,02*-6=$%,$*Z7%M9$%+/6#-24$%

>4/+%C/24%34$)-9%:6((%9$('%4$+/=$%),C%#-4)C%*9)4E$7

P%;=/60%-/2*96,E%-9$%,$*Z%0246,E%,/4+)(%2#$7%M9$%/6(#%>4/+%C/24%9),0#%

:6((%'4/=60$%)%')-9%>/4%*9)4E$#%-/%($)Z%/>>7%W>%C/2%$5'$46$,*$%)%(/-%/>%

($)Z)E$D%:)#9%-9$%:96-$%6,#2()-/4%#9)>-#%:6-9%#/)'%),0%:)-$4D%46,#6,E%

E$,$4/2#(Cf%-9$%($)Z)E$%#9/2(0%06#)''$)47%A**)#6/,)((C%*($),%-9$%

06#Z%#24>)*$#%:6-9%)(*/9/(7

P%b9$,%C/2%>64#-%2#$%-9$%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4#D%/4%^2#-%)>-$4%*($),6,ED%-9$C%

+)C%,/-%'4/02*$%*9)4E$#%4$)06(C7%&23%-9$%:96-$%#24>)*$%=6E/4/2#(C%

/,%-9$%*/,02*-6=$%'4//>%'(),$%06#Z7

P%M9$%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4#%)4$%0$#6E,$0%-/%3$%2#$0%:6-9%-9$%G8HIJKT%

G($*-4/+$-$47%M9$C%0/%,/-%'4/02*$%#2>>6*6$,-%*9)4E$%>/4%2#$%:6-9%)%

#-),0)40%$($*-4/#*/'$7

The Proof Plane

;#%#9/:,%6,%X6E24$%gD%-9$%

'4//>%'(),$%6#%),%)(2+6,2+H

*/=$4$0%*/,02*-6=$%06#Z%

)--)*9$0%-/%),%6,#2()-$0%

9),0($7%%M9$%*/,02*-6=$%06#Z%

+)-$46)(%6#%*)43/,H>6(($0%3()*Z%

'/(C*)43/,)-$%S)3/2-%_J`%:U%

:6-9%),%)(2+6,2+%06#Z7%%M9$%

,/,*/,02*-6=$%,$*Z%6#%:96-$%

'/(C*)43/,)-$%S)3/2-%_J_a%:U7

M9$%'4//>%'(),$%6#%2#$0%-/%

#)+'($%-9$%*9)4E$%0$,#6-C%/,%*9)4E$0%*/,02*-6=$%#24>)*$#7%;%X)4)0)C%

W*$%?)6(%*),%-9$,%3$%2#$0%-/%+$)#24$%-9$%*9)4E$%0$,#6-C%/,%-9$%'4//>%

'(),$7%

Figure 5: Proof Plane

handle

surface

aluminum

(white)

non-conductive neck

(black)

conductive disk

NOTE: The proof

planes can be used to

test for charge polarity

on conductors of any

shape. However, for

accurate readings of

charge density, the con-

ductor surface sam-

pled has to be

considerably larger

than the disk of the

proof plane and have a

relatively large radius

of curvature at the

point of contact.

Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System

LC%-/2*96,E%-9$%'4//>%'(),$%

-/%)%#24>)*$D%-9$%'4//>%'(),$%

:6((%)*F264$%-9$%#)+$%*9)4E$%

06#-4632-6/,%)#%-9$%#$*-6/,%/>%

-9$%#24>)*$%6-%-/2*9$0%S8$$%

X6E24$%hU7%LC%+$)#246,E%-9$%

*9)4E$%/,%-9$%'4//>%'(),$D%

-9$%*9)4E$%0$,#6-C%/,%-9)-%

')4-%/>%-9$%#24>)*$%*),%3$%

0$-$4+6,$07%M9$%E4$)-$4%-9$%

*9)4E$%/,%-9$%'4//>%'(),$D%

-9$%E4$)-$4%-9$%*9)4E$%

0$,#6-C%/,%-9$%#24>)*$%:9$4$%

-9$%'4//>%'(),$%+)0$%*/,-)*-7

b9$,%)%'4//>%'(),$%6#%-/2*9$0%-/%)%*/,02*-6=$%#24>)*$D%-9$%'4//>%'(),$%

3$*/+$#%')4-%/>%-9$%*/,02*-6=$%#24>)*$7%W>%-9$%$>>$*-%/,%-9$%#9)'$%/>%-9$%

#24>)*$%6#%#6E,6>6*),-D%-9$%#)+'(6,E%/>%-9$%*9)4E$%0$,#6-C%:6((%,/-%3$%

)**24)-$7%M9$4$>/4$D%)(:)C#%-/2*9%-9$%'4//>%'(),$%-/%-9$%*/,02*-/4%6,%

#2*9%)%:)C%)#%-/%+6,6+6]$%-9$%06#-/4-6/,%/>%-9$%#9)'$%/>%-9$%#24>)*$7%

X6E24$%K%#9/:#%-9$%4$*/++$,0$0%+$-9/0%>/4%2#6,E%-9$%'4//>%'(),$%-/%

#)+'($%*9)4E$%/,%)%*/,02*-6=$%#'9$4$7

in sampled area

equals charge

charge in proof plane

area sampled

Figure 6: Conductive Sphere

Figure 7: Proper use of a proof plane to

sample charge

charged spheres

Surface of the

proof plane IS

tangent to the

surface of the

conductor.

Surface of the

proof plane IS

NOT tangent to

the surface of

the conductor.

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080

Faraday Ice Pail (ES-9042A)

M9$%?;8@A%X)4)0)C%W*$%?)6(%6#%

#9/:,%6,%X6E24$%T7%A46E6,)((C%

0$#6E,$0%3C%.6*9)$(%X)4)0)CD%6-%

:/4Z#%/,%-9$%'46,*6'($%-9)-%),C%

*9)4E$%'()*$0%6,#60$%)%*/,02*-6,E%

#24>)*$%:6((%6,02*$%),%$F2)(%

*9)4E$%/,%-9$%/2-#60$%/>%-9$%

#24>)*$7%W-%6#%),%$5*$(($,-%'4/02*-%

>/4%#)+'(6,E%*9)4E$#%),0%*9)4E$%

06#-4632-6/,#7%M9$%?;8@A%=$4#6/,%

6((2#-4)-$0%)3/=$%*/,#6#-#%/>%-:/%

:64$%+$#9%*C(6,0$4#D%/,$%6,#60$%

-9$%/-9$4D%+/2,-$0%/,%)%+/(0$0%

'()#-6*%3/--/+7%

M9$%/2-$4%*C(6,0$4%6#%*)(($0%

-9$%#96$(07%W-%'4/=60$#%

*/+'($-$%=6#636(6-C%-/%-9$%

6,#60$%/>%-9$%')6(%),0D%:9$,%

E4/2,0$0D%9$('#%$(6+6,)-$%

#-4)C%*9)4E$#%),0%;@%

>6$(0#7%M9$%6,,$4%*C(6,0$4%6#%

-9$%)*-2)(%')6(7%M9$%')6(%6#%

+/2,-$0%/,%6,#2()-$0%4/0#f%

-9$%')6(%6#%_J%*+%6,%

06)+$-$4%),0%_g%*+%96E97%

b9$,%)%*9)4E$0%/3^$*-%6#%

'()*$0%6,#60$%-9$%%')6(D%32-%:6-9/2-%-/2*96,E%6-D%)%*9)4E$%/>%-9$%#)+$%

+)E,6-20$%6#%6,02*$0%/,%-9$%/2-#60$%/>%-9$%')6(7%S8$$%X6E24$%IU7%;,%

$($*-4/+$-$4%*/,,$*-$0%3$-:$$,%-9$%')6(%),0%-9$%#96$(0%:6((%0$-$*-%)%

'/-$,-6)(%06>>$4$,*$7%M9$%E4$)-$4%-9$%*9)4E$D%-9$%E4$)-$4%-9$%'/-$,-6)(%

06>>$4$,*$7%8/%$=$,%-9/2E9%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%:6((%E6=$%4$)06,E#%/>%

=/(-)E$D%6-%6#%'/##63($%-/%2#$%-9/#$%=)(2$#%)#%4$()-6=$%*9)4E$%

+$)#24$+$,-#7

M/%'4$=$,-%#-4)C%*9)4E$#%>4/+%'4/02*6,E%$44/,$/2#%4$#2(-#D%6-%6#%

$5-4$+$(C%6+'/4-),-%-9)-%-9$%X)4)0)C%W*$%?)6(%3$%+/+$,-)46(C%

E4/2,0$0%'46/4%-/%#-)4-6,E%),C%$5'$46+$,-7%M9$%0$+/,#-4)-/4%+2#-%)(#/%

3$%*/,-6,2)((C%E4/2,0$0%:96($%'$4>/4+6,E%),%$5'$46+$,-7

M9$%@9)4E$%?4/02*$4#%)4$%2#$0%)#%*9)4E$0%/3^$*-#%-/%(/:$4%6,-/%-9$%6*$%

')6(7%M9$%?4//>%?(),$#%)4$%2#$0%-/%#)+'($%#24>)*$%*9)4E$%0$,#6-6$#7

Figure 8: Faraday

Ice Pail

shield

pail

insulators

Figure 9: Charge Induction

red lead

black lead

Indice

Altri manuali PASCO Attrezzature da laboratorio

Manuali Attrezzature da laboratorio popolari di altre marche

Qiagen

Qiagen DML 3000 Manuale utente

Queensgate

Queensgate NANOSCAN OP400 Manuale di programmazione

Conviron

Conviron GEN1000-GE Manuale utente

Parr Instrument

Parr Instrument 4560 Manuale di istruzioni

IKA

IKA IC control Manuale utente

Integra

Integra DOSE IT Manuale utente

Agilent Technologies

Agilent Technologies 5800 ICP-OES Manuale utente

Endress+Hauser

Endress+Hauser Cleanfit CPA875 Manuale utente

NI PXI-5422 Manuale

Collomix

Collomix Aqix Manuale utente

SPEX SamplePrep

SPEX SamplePrep 6875 Freezer/Mill Series Manuale utente

Ocean Insight

Ocean Insight FLAME-NIR+ Manuale utente

Parker

Parker ALIGN-MG-NA Manuale utente

BD 644787 Manuale utente

DENTAURUM

DENTAURUM Compact Megaplus Manuale utente

Biuged Laboratory Instruments

Biuged Laboratory Instruments BGD 626 Manuale utente

VWR

VWR SAS Super IAQ Manuale utente

illumina

illumina MiSeqDx Manuale utente