Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories SEL-487B-2 Manuale utente

Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. SEL-487B-2 Data Sheet

Bus Differential and Breaker Failure Relay

With Sampled Values or TiDL Technology

Key Features and Benefits

The SEL-487B-2 Bus Differential and Breaker Failure Relay with Sampled Values (SV) or TiDL®Technology provides

bus-current differential protection, circuit-breaker failure protection, and backup overcurrent protection.

➤High-Speed Differential Protection. Busbar differential protection operates in less than one cycle, which

increases system stability margins and reduces equipment damage.

➤Six Differential Zones. Flexible zone selection and six differential zones provide protection for multiple busbar

applications.

➤Failed CT Detection. The SEL-487B reliably indicates open and shorted CTs for alarming and/or blocking.

➤CT Ratio Mismatch. Differential protection accommodates as high as 10:1 CT ratio mismatch without auxiliary CTs.

➤External Fault Security. External fault detection logic secures differential protection for external faults with

minimal CT requirements.

➤Overcurrent Elements. Instantaneous and inverse time-overcurrent elements can provide backup protection for

each terminal.

➤Voltage Elements. Negative- and zero-sequence, over- and undervoltage elements can supervise the differential element.

➤Three Check Zones. Three dedicated check zones in each relay can supervise complex bus differential schemes.

➤Breaker Failure. Apply the relay to supply breaker failure protection for all supported breakers. Logic for breaker

failure retrip and initiation of transfer tripping is included.

➤Ethernet Access. The Ethernet card grants access to all relay functions. Use IEC 61850 Manufacturing Message

Specification (MMS) or DNP3 protocol directly to interconnect with automation systems. You can also connect to

DNP3 networks through a communications processor. Use File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for high-speed data collection.

➤Serial Data Communication. The relay can communicate serial data through SEL ASCII, SEL Fast Message,

SEL Fast Operate, MIRRORED BITS®, and DNP3 protocols.

SEL-487B-2 Bus Differential and

Breaker Failure Relay

SEL-487B-2 Data Sheet Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.

➤Automation. The enhanced automation features include programmable elements for local control, remote control,

protection latching, and automation latching. Local metering on the large front-panel LCD eliminates the need for

separate panel meters. Serial and Ethernet links efficiently transmit key information, including metering data, protection

element and control I/O status, IEC 61850 Edition 2 GOOSE messages, Sequential Events Recorder (SER)

reports, relay summary event reports, and time synchronization. Apply expanded SELOGIC®control equations with

math and comparison functions in control applications. Incorporate as many as 1000 lines of automation logic to

accelerate and improve control actions.

➤Battery Monitoring. An alarm contact provides notification of substation battery voltage problems even if voltage

is low only during trip or close operations.

➤Digital Secondary Systems (DSS) Technologies. You can order the relay as either an SV subscriber relay or a

TiDL relay. DSS capable relays receive current and voltage information that is published by remote merging units

instead of standard PT and CT inputs. DSS technologies reduce copper cable lengths and associated installation

labor costs and improve the overall safety of the substation.

➤IEC 61850-9-2LE SV Relay. The SV subscriber relay can subscribe to current and voltage information that is

published by as many as seven SV merging units that are compliant with the IEC 61850-9-2LE guideline.

➤TiDL Relay. The TiDL relay can receive current and voltage information from as many as eight SEL-TMUs (TiDL

Merging Units) over direct point-to-point fiber-optic connections. The TiDL relay automatically synchronizes data

collection, alleviating the need or impact of an external clock on protection.

➤Selective Protection Disabling. The subscriber or TiDL relay provides selective disabling of protection functions

by using hard-coded logic or available torque-control equations in case of a loss of communications between your

merging unit and relay that results in the loss of relevant analog data.

➤Current Summation. The relay can combine multiple SV stream currents to simplify external wiring.

➤Six Independent Settings Groups. The relay includes group logic to adjust settings for different operating conditions,

such as station maintenance, seasonal operations, emergency contingencies, loading, source changes, and adjacent

relay settings changes. Select the active group settings by control input, command, or other programmable conditions.

➤Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP). PRP provides seamless recovery from any single Ethernet network failure.

The Ethernet network and all traffic are fully duplicated with both copies operating in parallel.

➤IEC 61850 Operating Modes. The relay supports IEC 61850 standard operating modes such as Test, Blocked,

On, and Off.

➤IEEE 1588, Precision Time Protocol (PTP). PTP provides high-accuracy timing over an Ethernet network.

➤Digital Relay-to-Relay Communications. MIRRORED BITS communications can monitor internal element conditions

between bays within a station, or between stations, using SEL fiber-optic transceivers. Send digital, analog, and

virtual terminal data over the same MIRRORED BITS channel.

➤Sequential Events Recorder (SER). The SER records the last 1000 events, including setting changes, startups,

and selectable logic elements.

➤Oscillography and Event Reporting. The relay records voltages, currents, and internal logic points at a sampling

rate as fast as 8 kHz. Offline phasor and harmonic-analysis features allow investigation of bay and system performance.

Time-tag binary COMTRADE event reports with high-accuracy time stamping for accuracy better than 10 s.

➤Digitally Signed Upgrades. The relay supports upgrading the relay firmware with a digitally signed upgrade file.

The digitally signed portion of the upgrade file helps ensure firmware and device authenticity after it is sent over a

serial or Ethernet connection.

➤Increased Security. The relay divides control and settings into seven relay access levels; the relay has separate

breaker, protection, automation, and output access levels, among others. Set unique passwords for each access level.

➤Rules-Based Settings Editor. You can communicate with and set the relay by using an ASCII terminal or use

Grid Configurator to configure the relay and analyze fault records with relay element response. Use as many as

200 aliases to rename any digital or analog quantity in the relay.

Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. SEL-487B-2 Data Sheet

Functional Overview

The SEL-487B subscribes to data streams that are published

by merging units, such as the SEL-421-7 SV Publisher or

SEL-401 Protection, Automation, and Control Merging

Unit. The SEL-421-7 SV Publisher provides full backup

protection while the SEL-401 can provide basic phase

overcurrent and breaker-failure protection in the absence

of communication. The data may be synchronized using

Precision Time Protocol (PTP).

TiDL

The SEL-487B-2 TiDL receives and automatically syn-

chronizes data streams from connected and commissioned

SEL-TMUs. The TiDL technology does not require an

external time source for local relay protection functions.

Figure 1 SEL-487B Functional Overview

DFR LGC MET

SBM

RTU SER

SEL-487B-2

50 50 50 50 50 50 50

51 51 51 51 51 51 51

50BF 50BF 50BF 50BF 50BF 50BF 50BF

8787

Zone 1 Zone 2

DSS

Inputs

Process

Bus

Mapped

Voltages

Mapped Zone 2 Currents and

Breaker Status

Mapped Zone 1 Currents and

Breaker Statuses ANSI NUMBERS/ACRONYMS AND FUNCTIONS

27/59 Over- and Undervoltage

50 Overcurrent (Phase)

50BF Breaker Failure Overcurrent

51 Time-Overcurrent (Phase)

87 Current Differential

ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS

16 SEC Access Security (Serial, Ethernet)

85 RIO SEL MIRROREDBITS Communications

DFR Event Reports

LGC SELOGIC Control Equations

MET High-Accuracy Metering

RTU Remote Terminal Unit

SBM Station Battery Monitor

SER Sequential Events Recorder

ADDITIONAL FEATURES

Open CT Detection

Three Independent Check Zones

Disconnect Status and Monitoring Logic for 60 Disconnects

Single-Relay Application: 2 Three-Phase Zones for as many as 7 Terminals

Two-Relay Application: 3 Three-Phase Zones for as many as 10 Terminals

Three-Relay Application: 6 Single-Phase Zones for as many as 21 Terminals

Five-port Ethernet card ordering option depicted.

EIA-232

Ethernet

Station Bus

(Ports 5C, 5D)

IRIG-B

Ethernet

Process Bus

(Ports 5A, 5B)

Ethernet

Enginnering

Access

(Port 5E)

16 S

RIO

Figure 2 SV Network

Process Bus

qTime synchronization

is required for SV

communications. Time

synchronization can be

done over a process

bus or station bus

Figure 3 SEL TiDL System

T-Protocol

SEL-487B-2 Data Sheet Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.

Protection Features

Differential Protection

The SEL-487B includes six independent current differ-

ential elements. Operating time for internal faults, including

high-speed output contact closure, is less than one cycle.

Figure 4 shows an example of an internal fault and dif-

ferential element operation.

Each of the differential elements provides the following:

➤Fast operating times for all busbar faults

➤Security for external faults with heavy CT saturation

➤Security with subsidence current present

➤High sensitivity for busbar faults

➤Minimum delay for faults evolving from external

to internal faults

Figure 5 shows a block diagram of one of the six differ-

ential protection elements.

CT saturation is one of the main factors to address when

considering relay security. Because of the high sampling

rate, the fault detection logic detects external faults in less

than 2 ms by comparing the rate of change of the restraint

and operating currents. Following the detection of an

external fault, the relay enters a high-security mode, during

which it dynamically selects a higher slope for the differ-

ential elements (see Figure 5). Figure 6 shows an exter-

nal fault with heavy CT saturation, without differential

element operation.

Dynamic Zone Configuration

The SEL-487B dynamically assigns the input currents to

the correct differential elements without the need for aux-

iliary relays. Connect the digital inputs from the busbar

disconnect auxiliary contacts directly to the relay. SELOGIC

control equations and zone selection logic will correctly

assign the currents to the differential elements, even for

complex bus arrangements such as the one in Figure 7.

Busbar configuration information, as a function of the

disconnect status, is readily available. Figure 8 depicts

the response of the relay to the ZONE command, showing

the terminals and bus zones assigned to each protection zone.

Figure 4 Differential Element Operation in Less Than

One Cycle for Internal Faults

Figure 5 External Fault Detection Logic Increases

Differential Element Security

Time (s)

Current (A)

0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

–5

Fault

Inception

Internal

Fault Detection (<1 cycle)

IO1

IO2

Fault

Detection Logic

Differential

Element Trip

Output

Internal

Fault

External

Fault

Supervision

Slope 1

Slope 2

Current

Input I01

Current

Input I18

IOP

IRT

Figure 6 Differential Element Does Not Operate for

External Fault With Heavy CT Saturation

–50

100

–150

–100

–50

Current (A)

0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Time (s)

(No Differential

Element Operation)

IO1

IO2

Internal

Fault Detection

Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. SEL-487B-2 Data Sheet

Closing disconnect DS2 combines Zone 1 and Zone 2,

resulting in a single zone. Figure 9 shows the new pro-

tection zone configuration. In this combination, Zone 1

includes North and East bus-zones. Figure 10 shows the

new Zone 1 that includes bus-zones North and East.

Zone Selection Logic

Busbar protection requires assignment of the correct cur-

rent values to the appropriate differential elements as a

function of user-defined conditions. To achieve this, the

SEL-487B employs a two-step process:

➤Evaluates the user-defined conditions.

➤Assigns the currents to the differential element of

the appropriate zone.

Current assignment conditions vary from simple to com-

plex. A simple condition would be a statement such as

“always include this terminal in the differential calcula-

Figure 7 Bus-Zone Protection Based on Disconnect

Switch Positions

=>>ZONE <Enter>

BUS PROTECTION

Rinadel Station

Terminals in Protection Zone 1

HELIUM SILICON

Bus-Zones in Protection Zone 1

NORTH

Terminals in Protection Zone 2

BORON ARGON LITHIUM

Bus-Zones in Protection Zone 2

EAST

Terminals in Protection Zone 3

SILICON KRYPTON

Bus-Zones in Protection Zone 3

SOUTH

Terminals in Protection Zone 4

SODIUM NEON

Bus-Zones in Protection Zone 4

WEST

=>>

Figure 8 Result of ZONE Command, Indicating the

Protection Zone Configuration According to Disconnect

Switch Positions

Silicon

Zone 1

Zone 2 Zone 4

Zone 3

Argon

Lithium

5252

Sodium

Neon

North

Boron

East West

South

DS1

DS2 DS3

Helium

Krypton

Figure 9 Bus Arrangement With Disconnect DS2 Closed;

the New Zone 1 That Includes Bus Zones North and East

=>>ZONE <Enter>

BUS PROTECTION

Rinadel Station

Terminals in Protection Zone 1

HELIUM SILICON BORON ARGON

LITHIUM

Bus-Zones in Protection Zone 1

NORTH EAST

Terminals in Protection Zone 3

SILICON KRYPTON

Bus-Zones in Protection Zone 3

SOUTH

Terminals in Protection Zone 4

SODIUM NEON

Bus-Zones in Protection Zone 4

WEST

=>>

Figure 10 Result of ZONE Command, Showing the

Protection Zone Configuration After Zone 1 Merges With

Zone 2

Silicon

Zone 1

Zone 4

Zone 3

Argon

Lithium

5252

Sodium

Neon

North

Boron

East West

South

DS1

DS2 DS3

Helium

Krypton

SEL-487B-2 Data Sheet Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.

tions.” A more complex condition statement could be

“when Disconnect 2 is closed, and the transfer discon-

nect is open.”

SELOGIC control equations provide the mechanism by

which the user enters the conditions for assigning the

currents to the differential elements when these condi-

tions are met. When a SELOGIC control equation becomes

true (e.g., the disconnect is closed), the relay dynamically

assigns the current to the differential elements. Conversely,

when the SELOGIC control equation is false (the discon-

nect is open), the relay dynamically removes the currents

from the differential elements. This is also true for the trip

output. When the SELOGIC control equation of a termi-

nal is false, the relay issues no trip signal to that terminal.

Table 1 shows a simple case where the disconnect status

is the only condition for the relay to consider.

End-Zone Protection

To illustrate the flexibility of use of SELOGIC control

equations for user-defined conditions, consider the ease

of achieving end-zone protection with the SEL-487B.

Figure 11 shows fault F1 between an open circuit breaker

and CT of a feeder at a substation. This area is a dead zone

because neither busbar protection nor local line protec-

tion can clear this fault; the remote end of the feeder must

clear this fault. Because the feeder circuit breaker is already

open, operation of the busbar protection serves no pur-

pose. The busbar protection must not operate for this fault.

By including the circuit breaker auxiliary contact in one

of the SELOGIC control equations (Figure 12), we can

cause the value of the SELOGIC control equation to be

false when the circuit breaker is open, removing the cur-

rent from the differential element calculations. This

capability ensures stability of the busbar protection. By

our use of SELOGIC control equations and normal com-

munications channels to configure the protection system,

the relay sends a trip signal to the remote end of the feeder.

Check Zones

The SEL-487B provides three completely independent

check zones, each with its own adaptive differential ele-

ment. Supervise zone differential elements by using the

independent check zones to monitor all incoming sources

and outgoing feeders on a per-phase basis. During an

internal fault, the check zone differential element will

assert. During an external fault, the check zone element

will remain deasserted.

CT Supervision

Open or shorted current transformers produce equal and

opposite changes in restraint and operate current. The

advanced CT supervision in the SEL-487B monitors dif-

ferential zone restraint and operating current for these

changes, to provide rapid and dependable detection of

open or shorted CT conditions. Use the CT supervision

logic in zone trip equations.

Disconnect Status Monitor

Figure 13 shows the disconnect open and close contact

relationship. During the open-to-close operation, the 89b

contact must open (disconnect is CLOSED) during the

transition zone before the main contact arcing starts. The

89a contact must close in this transition zone.

During the close-to-open operation, the 89b contact must

close during the transition zone after the main contact

arcing is extinguished (disconnect is OPEN), as shown in

Figure 13. The 89a contact must open in this transition zone.

Table 2 shows the four possible disconnect auxiliary con-

tact combinations and how the relay interprets each com-

bination.

Table 1 Conditions for Automatic Terminal Assignment

Example of Condition

SELOGIC

Control

Equation

Result

Consider

Terminal in

Protection

Calculations?

Issue

Trip?

Disconnect is open False No No

Disconnect is closed True Yes Yes

Figure 11 Fault Between Breaker and CT

Busbar Primary

Fault Current

Circuit

Breaker Open

End-Zone

Fault

Figure 12 Bus Protection Is Not Affected by Fault, F1;

Use Transfer Trip to Clear the Fault

Busbar Primary Fault

Current

End-Zone

Fault

52a Auxiliary

Contact

Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. SEL-487B-2 Data Sheet

Tie-Breaker Configurations

Figure 14, Figure 15, and Figure 16 show three tie-

breaker schemes:

➤Two CTs configured in overlap (Figure 14)

➤A single CT with two cores configured in overlap

(Figure 15)

➤Two CTs configured with a differential element

across the breaker (Figure 16)

Configure any one of these schemes without using exter-

nal auxiliary relays. Figure 14 and Figure 15 also show

the tie breaker closing onto an existing fault, F1. The

SEL-487B includes tie-breaker logic to prevent the loss

of both zones for this fault.

Table 2 Disconnect Status as a Function of the

Auxiliary Contacts

89a 89b Relay 89 Status

Interpretation

00Closed

01Open

10Closed

11Closed

Figure 13 Disconnect Switch Auxiliary Contact Requirements for the Zone Selection Logic; No CT Switching Required

Closed

89a Status

Open Open

Closed Closed

89b Status

Open

Disconnect Switch Starts to Close

Disconnect Switch Starts to Open

Open

Intermediate

Position

Intermediate

Position

Arcing Closed Arcing Open

Closing

Opening

Main Contact Status

Intermediate

Position

Intermediate

Position

Figure 14 Two CTs Configured in Overlap

Figure 15 A Single CT With Two CT Cores Configured in

Overlap

Bus 1 Bus 2

SEL-487B-2 Data Sheet Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.

Configure one of the differential zones as a differential

across the tie breaker. This arrangement has the follow-

ing advantages:

➤Both main zones are secure for a fault between the

tie breaker and the CT.

➤Only one main zone is tripped for a fault between

the tie breaker and the CT (as opposed to both main

zones with an overlapping tie-breaker arrangement).

Applications

Figure 17 and Figure 18 show a station with a double bus configuration in both a SV installation (Figure 17) and a TiDL

installation (Figure 18).

Figure 16 Two CTs Configured With a Differential

Element Across the Breaker

Bus 1 Bus 2

B1 B2

Figure 17 Double-Breaker Double-Bus Application (SV)

Zone 1

Zone 2

PTP Time Source

qDC connections for breaker

status and control

wNo physical connection.

Published data do not contain

valid analog measurements

GOOSE Publications

1. TRIP01–TRIP18

Substation Yard

Control House

SV Publication

1. IW, VYw

2. IX, VZw

GOOSE Publications

1. 52AA1, 52AA2

IW VY

SV Publication

1. IW, VY

2. IX, VZw

GOOSE Publications

1. 52AA1, 52AA2

SV Publication

1. IW, VYw

2. IX, VZw

GOOSE Publications

1. 52AA1, 52AA2

Process Bus

Network

SV Subscriber #1

SV Subscriber #2

SV Publisher

#1 IW

Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. SEL-487B-2 Data Sheet

Additional Features

Front-Panel Display

The LCD shows event, metering, setting, and relay self-

test status information.

The LCD is controlled by the navigation pushbuttons

(Figure 20), automatic messages the relay generates, and

programmable display points. The rotating display

scrolls through any active, nonblank display points. If

none are active, the relay scrolls through displays of the

differential operating and restraint quantities, the termi-

nals in each enabled zone, and the primary current and

voltage values. Each display remains for 5 seconds

Figure 19 and Figure 20 show close-up views of the front

panel of the SEL-487B. The front panel includes a

128 x 128 pixel, 3" x 3" LCD screen; 24 LED target indi-

cators; and 12 direct-action control pushbuttons with

indicating LEDs for local control functions. You can use

easily changed slide-in labels to custom configure target

and pushbutton identification. Use the capabilities of the

SEL-487B front panel to integrate a wide range of con-

trol and system annunciation functions.

Figure 18 Double-Breaker Double-Bus Application (TiDL)

Zone 1

Zone 2

qDC connections for breaker

status and control

Substation Yard

Control House

TiDL Relay

#1 #2 #4

Figure 19 Front Panel With 24 Tricolor Target LEDs and

12 Pushbuttons

Figure 20 Front-Panel Display and Pushbuttons

SEL-487B-2 Data Sheet Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.

before the display continues scrolling. Any message the

relay generates because of an alarm condition takes prece-

dence over the rotating display.

Status and Trip Target LEDs

The SEL-487B includes programmable target LEDs, as

well as programmable direct-action control pushbuttons/

LEDs on the front panel. Figure 19 shows these targets.

The SEL-487B features a versatile front panel that you

can customize to fit your needs. Use SELOGIC control

equations and slide-in configurable front-panel labels to

change the function and identification of target LEDs

and operator control pushbuttons and LEDs. The blank

slide-in label set is included with the SEL-487B. You can

use templates supplied with the relay or hand label sup-

plied blank labels and print label sets from a printer.

Communications Features

See Specifications on page 18 for specific supported protocols.

The relay offers the following communications features:

➤Four independent EIA-232 serial ports.

➤Access to event history, relay status, and meter

information from the communications ports.

➤Password-controlled settings management and

automation features.

➤SCADA interface capability, including FTP,

IEC 61850, DNP3 LAN/WAN (via Ethernet), and

DNP3 (via serial port). The relay does not require

special communications software. You only need

ASCII terminals, printing terminals, or a computer

supplied with terminal emulation and a serial

communications port.

Ethernet Card

The Ethernet card has five small form-factor pluggable

(SFP) ports.aPORT 5A and PORT 5B are reserved for the

process bus network. PORT 5C and PORT 5D are reserved

for the station bus network. The process and station bus

networks support PRP and fast failover redundancy

modes. PORT 5E operates on an isolated network with a

unique IP address making it ideal for engineering and

data access. All ports support 100 Mbps speeds. PORT 5A

and PORT 5B also support 1 Gbps speeds to satisfy poten-

tially large traffic requirements on the process bus. The

process bus, station bus, and engineering access net-

works use separate MAC addresses and are logically

delineated, including in the Configured IED Description

(CID) file.b

Use popular Telnet applications for easy terminal com-

munications with SEL relays and other devices. Transfer

data at high speeds for fast file uploads. The Ethernet

card communicates using FTP applications for easy and

fast file transfers.

Communicate with SCADA by DNP3 and other substation

IEDs by using IEC 61850 Manufacturing Message Speci-

fication (MMS) and GOOSE messaging.

Choose Ethernet connection media options for primary

and standby connections:

➤10/100BASE-T twisted pair networkc

➤100BASE FX fiber-optic network

➤1000BASE-X fiber-optic networkd

Figure 21 System Functional Overview

Automation

Over Ethernet:

Five Ethernet Ports

(PORT 5A, PORT 5B, PORT 5C,

PORT 5D, and PORT 5E)

100BASE-FX

1000BASE-X

To Remote SEL Relay

Using M

IRRORED

ITS

Spare

Front Port Local

Operator or

Engineering Access

IEC 61850 or

DNP LAN/WAN

Communications

Processor

Serial Communication:

Three Rear EIA-232 Ports

One Front EIA-232 Port

aSFP transceivers are not included with the card and must be ordered

separately. See selinc.com/products/sfp for a list of compatible SFP

transceivers.

bThis paragraph describes the five-port Ethernet cardordering option.

It does not apply to the four-port Ethernet card ordering option.

cFour-port Ethernet card ordering option only.

dGigabit speeds are only available on PORT 5A and PORT 5B of the five-

port Ethernet card ordering option.

Altri manuali Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Staffetta