SMAR LD400 Manuale

LD400

Smart Pressure Transmitter

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

INSTRUCTION / MANUAL

L D 4 0 0 M E

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Introduction

INTRODUCTION

LD400 HART®is a Smart Pressure Transmitter for differential, absolute, gauge, level and flow

measurements.

Diferential Transmitter – LD400D and LD400H

This model measures the differential pressure applied in the sensor. Normally, both sides of the

sensor are connected to the process and if the selected output function is linear, the measurement

is the differential pressure. If the selected output function is a square root, the measurement is a

fluid flow.

Flow Transmitter – LD400D and LD400H

The differential pressure is generated by an flow primary element and the square root function

supplies the measurement flow.

Gauge Pressure Transmitter – LD400M

This model has the Lower Side Input connected to a blind flange and open to atmosphere.

Therefore, this model measures the pressure relative to atmosphere and the output function can be

linear or linearized by the linearization table.

Absolut Pressure Transmitter - LD400A

This model has the Low Side Input connected to a blind flange and it is open to atmosphere.

Therefore, this model measures the pressure relative to local pressure and the output function can

be linear or linearized by the linearization table.

Level Transmitter – LD400L

This model is available as a flange mounted unit with a flush diaphragm for direct installation on

vessels. Extended diaphragms are also available.

The LD400 series use HART® technology. This instruments can be configured through Smar

configuration softwares or others supplier. The local adjustment is enable for all the LD400 series.

With magnetic tools is possible to configure the zero and the span, to alter the measurement range,

to alter the unit of measured pressure, to select the square root function, to operate the totaled value

or in a control loop.

With the AssetView from Smar is possible to do the diagnoses management field’s intrumented to

aid in the reative, preventive, predictive and proactive.

LD400 - Operation and Maintenance Instruction Manual

Waiver of responsibility

The contents of this manual abides by the hardware and software used on the current equipment

version. Eventually there may occur divergencies between this manual and the equipment. The

information from this document are periodica

lly reviewed and the necessary or identified corrections

will be included in the following editions. Suggestions for their improvement are welcome.

Warning

For more objectivity and clarity, this manual does not contain all the detailed information on th

product and, in addition, it does not cover every possible mounting, operation or maintenance

cases.

Before installing and utilizing the equipment, check if the model of the acquired equipment complies

with the technical requirements for the application. This checking is the user’s responsibility.

If the user needs more information, or on the event of specific problems not specified or treated in

this manual, the information should be sought from Smar. Furthermore, the user recognizes that the

contents

of this manual by no means modify past or present agreements, confirmation or judicial

relationship, in whole or in part.

All of Sm

ar’s obligation result from the purchasing agreement signed between the parties, which

includes the complete and sole valid

warranty term. Contractual clauses related to the warranty are

not limited nor extended by virtue of the technical information contained in this manual.

Only qualified personnel are allowed to participate in the activities of mounting, electrical connecti

on,

startup and maintenance of the equipment. Qualified personnel are understood to be the persons

familiar with the mounting, electrical connection, startup and operation of the equipment or other

similar apparatus that are technically fit for their wor

k. Smar provides specific training to instruct and

qualify such professionals. However, each country must comply with the local safety procedures,

legal provisions and regulations for the mounting and operation of electrical installations, as well as

with

the laws and regulations on classified areas, such as intrinsic safety, explosion proof, increased

safety and instrumented safety systems, among others.

The user is responsible for the incorrect or inadequate handling of equipments run with pneumatic

or h

ydraulic pressure or, still, subject to corrosive, aggressive or combustible products, since their

utilization may cause severe bodily harm and/or material damages.

The field equipment referred to in this manual, when acquired for classified or hazardous

areas, has

its certification void when having its parts replaced or interchanged without functional and approval

tests by Smar or any of Smar authorized dealers, which are the competent companies for certifying

that the equipment in its entirety meets the

applicable standards and regulations. The same is true

when converting the equipment of a communication protocol to another. In this case, it is necessary

sending the equipment to Smar or any of its authorized dealer. Moreover, the certificates are

different and the user is responsible for their correct use.

Always respect the instructions provided in the Manual. Smar is not responsible for any losses

and/or damages resulting from the inadequate use of its equipments. It is the user’s responsibility

know and apply the safety practices in his country.

Introduction

III

TRANSMITTER GENERAL VIEW

The LD400 HART®uses a highly proven technique for pressure measuring by capacitance reading.

The block diagram of the LD400 HART®pressure transmitter is shown below.

Isolator

EEPROM with Sensor Data

Temperature Data

Resonant Oscillator

Digital

Reading

Zero/Span Local

Adjustment

- D/A Converter

- HART Modem

- LCD Controller

- Mathematical

Co-processor

- Range

- Special Functions

- PID

- Output Controller

- Communication

- HART

- Advanced Diagnostic

- Firmware Update

Process Unit

Protocol

SignalConditioner

Input/Output

PH PL

Digital

Sensor

Glass Metalized

Surface (4)

Ceramics

Filling Fluid (3)

Isolating

Diaphragm (2)

Sensor

Diaphragm (1)

HT3012

4 - 20mA

In the cell center is the sensor diaphragm (1). This diaphragm flexes in response to the different

pressures applied on the LOW and HIGH sides of the cell (PL and PH). These pressures are directly

applied on the isolator diaphragms (2), whose function is to isolate the sensor process and supply

high resistance against corrosion caused by process fluids. The pressure is transmitted directly to

the sensor diaphragm through the filling fluid (3) and causes its deflection. The sensor diaphragm is

a mobile electrode whose two metal surfaces (4) are stable electrodes. A deflection on the sensor

diaphragm is read by the capacitance variation between both stable and mobile electrodes.

The resonance oscillator reads the capacitance variations between the mobile and the stable boards

and generates a pressure output equivalent to the detected capacitance variation. This pressure

value is informed in compliance with the transmitter communication protocol. As the conversion

process does not involve an A/D converter, any errors or deviations are eliminated during the

process. Temperature compensation is done by a sensor, which combined with a precision sensor,

results in high accuracy and range.

The process variable, as well as the diagnostic monitoring and information, are supplied by the

digital communication protocol. The LD400 is available in the HART®communication protocol.

Read carefully these instructions for better use of the LD400 HART®. Smar pressure transmitters

are protected by American patents n. 6,433,791 and 6,621,443.

LD400 - Operation and Maintenance Instruction Manual

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronym /

Abbreviation

Designation

Description

HFT

Hardware Fault Tolerance

The hardware fault tolerance of the device.

This is the capability of a functional unit to continue the execution

of the demanded function in case of faults or deviations.

MTBF

Mean Time Between Failures

This is the mean time period between two failures.

MTTR

Mean Time To Repair

This is the mean time period between the occurrence of a failure

in a device or system and its repair.

PFD

Probability of Failure on Demand

This is the likelihood of dangerous safety function failures

occurring on demand.

PFDAVG

Average Probability of Failure

This is the average likelihood of dangerous safety function

failures occurring on demand.

SIL Safety Integrity Level

The International Standard IEC 61508 specifies four discrete

safety integrity levels (SIL 1 to SIL 4). Each level corresponds to

a specific probability range regarding the failure of a safety

function. The higher the safety integrity level of the safety-related

systems, the lower likelihood of non-execution of the demanded

safety functions.

SFF

Safe Failure Fraction

The fraction of non-hazardous failures, e.g. the fraction of failures

without the potential to set the safety-

related system to a

dangerous undetected state.

Low Demand Mode Low Demand Mode of Operation Measuring mode with low demand rate, in which the demand rate

for the safety-related system is not more than once a year and is

not greater than double the frequency of the periodic test.

DTM

Device Type Manager

The DTM is a software module which provides functions for

accessing device parameters, configuring and operating the

devices and diagnosing problems. By itself, a DTM

is not

executable software.

LRV

Device Configuration

Lower Range Value of the measurement range.

URV

Device Configuration

Upper Range Value of the measurement range.

Multidrop Multdrop Mode

In multidrop mode, up to 15 field devices are connected in

parallel to a single wire pair. The analog current signal serves just

to energize the two-

wire devices providing a fixed current of 4

mA.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1 - INSTALLATION ..................................................................................................................1.1

GENERAL...................................................................................................................................................................1.1

MOUNTING................................................................................................................................................................1.1

ELECTRONIC HOUSING.........................................................................................................................................1.10

WIRING ....................................................................................................................................................................1.10

TYPICAL INSTALLATION FOR HART® PROTOCOL..............................................................................................1.12

INSTALLATION IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS......................................................................................................1.15

EXPLOSION/FLAME PROOF..................................................................................................................................1.15

INTRINSICALLY SAFE ............................................................................................................................................1.15

SECTION 2 - FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION............................................................................................2.1

FUNCIONAL DESCRIPTION –HARDWARE............................................................................................................2.2

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION –LD400 HART®SOFTWARE..................................................................................2.4

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION - DISPLAY (LCD)......................................................................................................2.7

SECTION 3 - TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS.....................................................................................3.1

ORDERING CODE.....................................................................................................................................................3.7

SECTION 4 - CONFIGURATION ..............................................................................................................4.1

GENERAL...................................................................................................................................................................4.1

CONFIGURATION FEATURES.................................................................................................................................4.4

MANUFACTURING DATA AND IDENTIFICATION...................................................................................................4.4

PRIMARY VARIABLE TRIM –PRESSURE...............................................................................................................4.5

PRIMARY VARIABLE CURRENT TRIM....................................................................................................................4.6

TEMPERATURE TRIM...............................................................................................................................................4.6

TRANSMITTER ADJUSTMENT TO THE WORKING RANGE..................................................................................4.6

ENGINEERING UNIT SELECTION ...........................................................................................................................4.7

TRANSFER FUNCTION FOR FLOW MEASUREMENT ...........................................................................................4.9

TABLE POINTS........................................................................................................................................................4.10

TOTALIZATION CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................................................4.10

PID CONTROLLER CONFIGURATION...................................................................................................................4.12

EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION.............................................................................................................................4.13

EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE.................................................................................................................................4.14

SECTION 5 - PROGRAMMING USING LOCAL ADJUSTMENT..............................................................5.1

THE MAGNETIC TOOL..............................................................................................................................................5.1

LOCAL ADJUSTMENT...............................................................................................................................................5.3

SIMPLE LOCAL ADJUSTMENT ................................................................................................................................5.3

COMPLETE LOCAL ADJUSTMENT..........................................................................................................................5.4

SIMULATION [SIMUL]................................................................................................................................................5.6

RANGE [RANGE].......................................................................................................................................................5.7

PRESSURE TRIM [TRIM]........................................................................................................................................5.12

CONFIGURATION [CONF]......................................................................................................................................5.14

OPERATION [OPER] ...............................................................................................................................................5.21

EQUIPMENT CONFIGURED ON TRANSMITTER MODE......................................................................................................5.21

EQUIPMENT CONFIGURED ON CONTROLLER MODE.......................................................................................................5.22

QUIT [QUIT] .............................................................................................................................................................5.24

SECTION 6 - MAINTENANCE..................................................................................................................6.1

DIAGNOSTIC USING CONFIGURATION TOOL.......................................................................................................6.1

ERROR MESSAGES .................................................................................................................................................6.1

DIAGNOSTIC VIA TRANSMITTER............................................................................................................................6.2

SENSOR ...................................................................................................................................................................................6.4

ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT............................................................................................................................................................6.6

REASSEMBLY PROCEDURE...................................................................................................................................6.6

SENSOR ...................................................................................................................................................................................6.6

ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT............................................................................................................................................................6.7

LD400 - Operation and Maintenance Instruction Manual

INTERCHANGEABILITY............................................................................................................................................6.8

RETURNING MATERIALS.........................................................................................................................................6.8

LIFETIME TRANSMITTER.........................................................................................................................................6.8

ACESSORIES ............................................................................................................................................................6.9

SPARE PARTS LIST..................................................................................................................................................6.9

ORDERING CODE...................................................................................................................................................6.11

HART®SPECIAL UNITS..........................................................................................................................................6.16

SECTION 7 - SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEMS ...............................................................................7.1

INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................7.1

SAFETY STANDARD.................................................................................................................................................7.1

APPLICATION STANDARDS.....................................................................................................................................7.2

SAFETY FUNCTION..................................................................................................................................................7.2

FUNCTIONAL SAFETY PROPERTIES .....................................................................................................................7.3

ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES ............................................................................................................................7.3

INSTALLATION..........................................................................................................................................................7.3

MODES OF OPERATION..........................................................................................................................................7.3

CONFIGURATION MODE ENABLING PROCEDURE..............................................................................................7.4

LD400 HART®SIS TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS.............................................................................................7.4

MAINTENANCE .........................................................................................................................................................7.6

APPENDIX A - CERTIFICATIONS INFORMATION.................................................................................A.1

EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE INFORMATION.................................................................................................................A.1

HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS CERTIFICATIONS........................................................................................................A.1

SOUTH AMERICA CERTIFICATION .......................................................................................................................................A.1

EUROPEAN CERTIFICATIONS............................................................................................................................................... A.2

IDENTIFICATION PLATE...........................................................................................................................................A.5