ST UM2163 Manuale utente

January 2017

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www.st.com

UM2163

User manual

Getting started with the STEVAL-IME011V2 evaluation board

based on the STHV748S

ultrasound pulser

Introduction

The STEVAL-IME011V2 evaluation board is designed around the STHV748S 4-channel 5-level high

voltage pulser, a state-of-the-art device designed for ultrasound imaging applications.

This board facilitates evaluation of the ultrasound pulser IC thanks also a new graphical user interface.

Once configured, the output waveforms can be displayed directly on an oscilloscope by connecting the

probe to the relative BNCs.

Figure 1: STEVAL-IME011V2 evaluation board

Contents

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Contents

1Board features ................................................................................. 5

2Getting started................................................................................. 6

3Hardware layout and configuration................................................ 7

3.1 Power supply.....................................................................................7

3.2 MCU..................................................................................................8

3.3 Stored patterns................................................................................ 10

3.4 STHV748S stage ............................................................................ 18

3.5 Operating supply conditions............................................................ 20

4Connectors .................................................................................... 21

4.1 Power supply................................................................................... 21

4.2 MCU................................................................................................ 22

5Schematic diagrams...................................................................... 25

6PCB layout ..................................................................................... 26

7Revision history ............................................................................ 29

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List of tables

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List of tables

Table 1: Program 1 ...................................................................................................................................12

Table 2: Program 2 ...................................................................................................................................13

Table 3: Program 3 ...................................................................................................................................15

Table 4: Program 4 ...................................................................................................................................18

Table 5: DC working supply conditions.....................................................................................................20

Table 6: USB mini B connector pinout......................................................................................................23

Table 7: JTAG connector pinout ...............................................................................................................23

Table 8: Boot connector pinout.................................................................................................................24

Table 9: Document revision history ..........................................................................................................29

List of figures

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List of figures

Figure 1: STEVAL-IME011V2 evaluation board .........................................................................................1

Figure 2: Connection between STM32F4 and STHV748S.........................................................................7

Figure 3: STEVAL-IME011V2 board layout................................................................................................7

Figure 4: STEVAL-IME011V2 connections ................................................................................................8

Figure 5: Solution 1 with STM32 direct memory access (DMA) peripheral................................................9

Figure 6: Solution 2 with direct MCU core intervention ............................................................................10

Figure 7: Program 1 scheme ....................................................................................................................11

Figure 8: Acquisition by Program 1...........................................................................................................12

Figure 9: Program 2 scheme ....................................................................................................................13

Figure 10: Acquisition by Program 2.........................................................................................................14

Figure 11: Program 3 scheme ..................................................................................................................15

Figure 12: Acquisition by Program 3.........................................................................................................16

Figure 13: Program 4................................................................................................................................17

Figure 14: Acquisition by Program 4.........................................................................................................18

Figure 15: STHV748S single channel block diagram ...............................................................................19

Figure 16: Power supply connector VDD (+5V - GND) ............................................................................21

Figure 17: Power supply connector VSS (GND - -5V)..............................................................................21

Figure 18: Power supply connector HVP0 – HVP1 and HVM0 – HVM1 ..................................................22

Figure 19: USB mini-B connector (CN1)...................................................................................................22

Figure 20: JTAG connector.......................................................................................................................23

Figure 21: Boot connector ........................................................................................................................23

Figure 22: STEVAL-IME011V2 circuit schematic .....................................................................................25

Figure 23: Top layer..................................................................................................................................26

Figure 24: Inner layer 1.............................................................................................................................26

Figure 25: Inner layer 2.............................................................................................................................27

Figure 26: Inner layer 3.............................................................................................................................27

Figure 27: Inner layer 4.............................................................................................................................28

Figure 28: Bottom layer.............................................................................................................................28

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Board features

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1 Board features

•4-channel outputs: high voltage and low voltage BNC connectors

•Up to 4 memory locations to store own waveforms designs

•USB connector to load own waveforms onto the board

•Dedicated connectors to supply high voltage and low voltage to the STHV748S output

stage

•4-key button rapid preferred program selection

•RoHS compliant

Getting started

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2 Getting started

The STEVAL-IME011V2 is shipped by STMicroelectronics ready to use. The user only

needs to:

Plug the power supply to the board

Connect the BNCs to the oscilloscope (see Section 3.1: "Power supply" for details)

Check LEDPROGRAM 1 (LD1) turns on

Select the waveform with the PROGRAM button

The corresponding PROGRAM LED (LD1-LD4) turns on

Press the START button to run the selected program

The START LED(L5) turns on.

When the program ends, L5 LED turns off

If a continuous wave program isselected, the STOP button must be pressed to

stop program execution and the STOP LED (L5) turns off

To run the same program again, restart from step 5. To run another program,

restart from step 4

An overvoltage protection mechanism suspends pattern generation if the HV

supply exceeds 90 Vand the red LED (L6) switches on. Pattern generation restarts

as soon as the HV supply voltage falls backinto the allowed range.

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3 Hardware layout and configuration

The STEVAL-IME011V2 evaluation board is designed around the STHV748S.

Figure 2: Connection between STM32F4 and STHV748S

Figure 3: STEVAL-IME011V2 board layout

3.1 Power supply

The STEVAL-IME011V2 low voltage block is designed to be powered:

•during programming and when the board is connected to a PC:

−5 V DC through a USB Mini B connector to supply the STM32F4

•during pattern generation and when high voltage is powered on:

−5 V DC connected to VDD to supply STM32F4 and STHV748S through an LDO

−-5 V DC connected to VSS to supply STHV748S through an LDO

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The USB connector must be removed when high voltage is powered on.

The STEVAL-IME011V2 high voltage block is designed to be powered:

•VDD: positive supply voltage, 5 V (2 - VDD conn.)

•GND: ground (1 – VDD conn. And 2 – VSS conn.)

•VSS: negative supply voltage 5 V (1 - VSS conn.)

•GND: ground (1 – HVP0 conn.)

•HVP0: TX0 high voltage positive supply (2 - HVP0 conn.)

•GND: ground (1 – HVP1 conn.)

•HVP1: TX1 high voltage positive supply (2 - HVP1 conn.)

•HVM1: TX1 high voltage negative supply (1 - HVM1 conn.)

•GND: ground (2 - HVM1 conn.)

•HVM0: TX0 high voltage negative supply (1 - HVM0 conn.)

•GND: ground (2 – HVM0 conn.)

Figure 4: STEVAL-IME011V2 connections

3.2 MCU

The STM32F427 is fully dedicated to generate the bitstream on its GPIO pins to drive the

pulser output channels. It is already pre-programmed as a DFU (device firmware upgrade)

with the ability of upgrading internal Flash memory.

The STM32F427 manages all the DFU operations, such as the authentication of product

identifier, vendor identifier and firmware version. The MCU drives the pulser channels

through the use of different GPIO pins. You can simultaneously drive from 1 to 16 different

pins by simply writing a 16-bit word into the GPIO output data register (ODR).

The board can be connected to a PC via USB. The required pattern is sent as a sequence

of states for each pulser channel and for each state duration (expressed in units of MCU

system clock cycle).

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Once the information is received, the channel states are converted into 16-bit words for the

GPIO peripheral and they are stored in the embedded Flash, with the timing information.

After programming, the PC is no longer required, so the board becomes a stand-alone

device.

Different patterns can be stored and you can select the one to use at run-time.

The same MCU can implement two different solutions for real-time execution.

The first solution involves the use of the STM32 direct memory access (DMA) peripheral,

which can transfer data from memory to any peripheral register, GPIO included, without the

intervention of the MCU core.

To trigger DMA transfer, a general purpose timer is used, that works at the system clock

frequency and basically acts as a counter: the reload value (the value at which the counter

returns to zero) is stored in the auto reload register (ARR).

The timer triggers two different DMA channels in two different moments:

•the first channel is triggered at each reload event and transfers the new GPIO word to

the ODR;

•the second is triggered at a constant time after reload and transfers the new duration

information to the ARR

The timer preload feature is enabled, so that the new ARR value is effective only at the

next reload. Since the time needed by the first DMA channel to update the ODR is a

constant, considering the reload trigger as a starting point, the time between two different

GPIO updates is simply given by the ARR value.

The DMA circular buffer feature can be enabled to allow automatic regeneration of the

same pattern at each end. This solution has the advantage of being fully managed by

hardware, thus, the MCU core is completely free for any user requirement.

The main drawback is that each timing value between two subsequent states cannot be

lower than a minimum value to guarantee enough time for both DMA channels to perform

their transfers.

Figure 5: Solution 1 with STM32 direct memory access (DMA) peripheral

The second solution is designed to overcome the DMA minimum duration requirement

and directly involves the MCU core:

•during run-time, the core generates the binary assembly code it needs to load and

store each word in the ODR. Any unnecessary instructions like control loops are

avoided; the code is only a succession of simple load/store instructions;

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•to adapt the timing to the pattern needs, dummy instructions are inserted in the

assembly code. To avoid wasting time to load each word from memory, the word is

inserted as a literal in the assembly instruction itself, which means that a 32-bit

instruction is needed instead of an equivalent 16-bit;

•to avoid any latency due to the instruction fetch from Flash, the code is executed from

the embedded RAM. Moreover, the RAM is configured to be accessed by the core

through a different bus to the one used to access the ODR.

Thanks to this solution, it is possible to achieve a minimum time of two system clock cycles

before two updates and maintain one system clock cycle resolution. For instance, if you

consider a STM32F4 clocked at 168 MHz, the minimum timing you can achieve is 12 ns

and you can set the duration of each state with a resolution of 6 ns. For a repetitive pattern,

a branch instruction is added at the end of the routine to restart the pattern generation. In

this case, the clock cycles needed for the branch instruction has to be considered for the

last state.

The main drawback of this solution is that the MCU core is 100% involved in the pattern

generation even though it can still be called by peripheral interrupts and stop pattern

generation to perform other tasks.

Figure 6: Solution 2 with direct MCU core intervention

3.3 Stored patterns

The STEVAL-IME011V2 can store four different patterns in the MCU Flash memory to

demonstrate the achievable performance at the pulser outputs.

Four selectable programs already stored in STM32 Flash memory form the default set

which is available and ready to use (flagged by L1 to L4 LEDs).

Program 1:

•XDCR_A: pulse wave mode, TX0 switching, 5 pulses, time-period TP = 400 ns and

PRF = 150 µs

•XDCR_B: pulse wave mode, TX0 switching, 5 pulses in counter phase respect to

XDCR_A, time-period TP = 400 ns and PRF = 150 µs

•XDCR_C: pulse wave mode, TX1 switching, 5 pulses, time-period TP = 200 ns and

PRF = 150 µs

•XDCR_D: pulse wave mode, TX1 switching, 5 pulses in counter phase with respect to

XDCR_C, time-period TP = 200 ns and PRF = 150 µs

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