Unitrode EV2014 Manuale utente

Contents

Section Page No.

Introduction 1

EV2014 Functional Description 1

EV2014 Contents 2

EV2014 Connections 2

EV2014 Configuration 2

Installing the User Interface Program 3

Using the EV2014 Program 3

Main Menu 3

Monitor Screen 4

Digital Magnitude Filter Menu 6

Data Logging 6

Display Program Menu 7

Measure VOS Screen 8

Appendix A: AP14 User's Guide 9

Appendix B: Troubleshooting 10

Appendix C: EV2014 Schematic 11

Introduction

The bq2014 Gas Gauge IC provides battery capacity

monitoring in a single 16-pin SOIC or DIP package. The

EV2014 Evaluation Board provides a useful means to

test bq2014 functionality and easily interface with the

device over the RS-232 port of a PC. The bq2014 fea-

tures:

nBattery capacity monitoring functions

nLED display of available charge

nDQ serial I/O port communications functions

Functional Description

The EV2014 provides functional evaluation of the

bq2014 IC on a PCB. The actual implementation of a

bq2014-based design will be significantly smaller in size.

See the bq2014 data sheet (Dec. 1994 B or later) for

bq2014 specifications.

Power Source

The bq2014 derives its VCC from either an external

source or from the battery connected to the BAT+ (J1)

and BAT- (J2) terminal blocks. Refer to Table 4 in Using

the bq2010-—A Tutorial for Gas Gauging for the proper

size of R17 as part of the VCC regulation. The EV2014

Evaluation Board is shipped with a 200KΩresistor for

R17.

Current Path

The bq2014 uses a sense resistor (R16) on the negative

terminal of the battery to measure charge and discharge

activity. This resistor may be changed if necessary. The

system load is connected between the BAT+ (J1) and

PACK-(J2) terminal blocks (see the schematic in Appen-

dix C).

Parameter Programming

The EV2014 is programmed by the segment program-

ming pins, using jumpers PROG1-PROG6. The pro-

gramming pins determine:

nProgrammed full count

nScale factor

EV2014

Gas Gauge Evaluation Board

10/97 Rev. B Board

nSelf-discharge rate

nDisplay mode

EV2014 Contents

Each package contains the following items:

1 EV2014 PC Board

This includes the bq2014 sample, current regula-

tors, programming jumpers, battery divider resis-

tors, and the PC serial port interface.

1 EV2014 DQ/RS-232 Cable

1 EV2014 (v2.0) User Interface Program Diskette

This program runs on any AT-compatible computer

equipped with a standard RS-232 (COM1, COM2,

COM3, or COM4) serial port, and provides the user

with a complete menu-driven system to control,

monitor, and log data from the EV2014x Evaluation

Board. The User Interface Program communicates

with the bq2014 over the DQ serial I/O port using

the RS-232 interface.

Please check to make sure that all items are present and

in good condition. If you have any problems, please con-

tact your Benchmarq representative or call Benchmarq.

EV2014 Connections

The connections for the EV2014 are described below.

Please refer to the attached schematic in conjunction

with these descriptions.

JP1-JP8 Battery cell divider. JP1-JP6 are used

to divide the battery voltage by 5 to 10.

JP7 and JP8 are user-definable but are

configured for 11 and 12 cells on this

board.

JP9 VCC Supply. This jumper is used to se-

lect the VCC supply for the bq2014. When

JP9 is near Q2, the supply is taken from

the BAT+ input and is regulated by the

bq2014 and Q2. When JP9 is near R13,

the VCC supply is provided by LBAT+. If

VCC is supplied by LBAT+, it must not ex-

ceed the specified VCC voltage range in

the bq2014 data sheet (Dec. 1994 B or

later).

JP10-JP14 Programming pins 1-5. These jumpers

are used to configure the programming

pins. When the jumper is positioned near

the PROG# designator, the pins are

pulled high. If the jumper is in the other

position, the pins are pulled low. If the

jumper is removed, the pins are in the

high-impedance state. The board is

shipped with all pins in the high position.

Please refer to the bq2014 data sheet

(Dec. 1994 or later) for the proper con-

figuration of PROG1-5.

JP16 LED enable (LCOM connection). This

jumper connectss the LCOM pin of the

bq2014 to the LEDs. The board is

shipped with this jumper enabled.

EMPTY Empty output. This connection allows

the user to monitor the EMPTY output

pin provided on the bq2014. This pin is

high-impedance when the single-cell di-

vided battery voltage is less than the

EDVF threshold (final end-of-discharge

warning).

DSP Display input (DISP pin). DSP is con-

nected in parallel with the push-button

switch S1 provided on the EV2014 board.

An external switch configuration can be

made using DSP. When the EV2014 is

floating and detects charging or discharg-

ing, the LED outputs are active to reflect

the charge state. When the DISP input is

pulled low, the LEDs reflect the charge

state.

EV2014 Configuration

The EV2014 Evaluation Board may be used with or

without the DQ/RS-232 Interface Program. The Evalua-

tion Board should first be configured before connecting

the battery or the RS-232 cable.

Step 1 Enabling the LEDs (optional)

JP16 should be installed

Step 2 Connecting the power supply

The EV2014 can operate from power pro-

vided by the battery being monitored or

from LBAT+. Set the battery divider

(JP1-JP8) to the correct number of bat-

tery cells prior to connecting the battery.

If the bq2014 will be powered from the

battery, connect JP9 closer to Q2. If the

bq2014 will be powered from an external

supply, connect JP9 closer to R13.

Important: Connect the battery

ONLY after setting JP1-JP8 and JP9.

Step 3 Connecting the RS-232 cable

Connect the cable provided to the serial

port of any PC. Please ensure that no

EV2014

Rev. B Board

memory-resident programs are using this

serial port.

Step 4 Connecting the load

The external load is connected between

BAT+ and RET- (J2) on the EV2014. A

sense resistor (R16) is in series with the

negative terminal of the battery. The

EV2014 board is supplied with a 0.1, 1%

3W resistor. Please ensure that the dis-

charge load does not exceed the VSR speci-

fication for the bq2014. R16 may be

changed to a different-value resistor.

Installing the User Interface

Program

The User Interface Program (named “EV2014”) runs on

any PC-compatible computer. The program may be run

from the disk provided, or it may be installed on any di-

rectory on the computer's hard disk. To run the program

from the hard disk, simply copy all the files from the

disk supplied to the hard disk. All the files should re-

side in the same directory.

The User Interface Program installs a driver to control

the DQ/RS-232 interface. This driver asks which COM

port is connected to the EV2014 Evaluation board. If

communication is not established with the EV2014

board, the Main Menu does not appear. Please refer to

Appendix B (Troubleshooting) if the program does not

establish communication with the EV2014.

The EV2014x uses the PC-AT real-time clock to provide

the proper bit timing for serial communication with the

bq2014. The modem control lines are used as the

single-wire serial interface to the bq2014. Any TSR that

uses the PC real-time clock affects the operation of the

EV2014. For proper operation, the EV2014 should not

be operated from a DOS shell program.

If the PC is a notebook or portable type, it may be config-

ured to save battery power by adjusting the clocks ac-

cording to the activity under way. Configure the

notebook to run in “High Performance” mode for reliable

communication between the EV2014 and the PC. The

EV2014 UIP terminates if communication with the

EV2014 board is lost.

Start the User Interface Program as follows:

C>EV2014

Using the EV2014 Program

EV2014 is a menu-driven program. Almost all of the

functions and entries are made by positioning the high-

lighted cursor on the function desired and pressing the

ENTER key, or by typing a value and then pressing the

ENTER key.

Key functions are as follows:

ARROW

keys

Use the arrow keys to move the high-

lighted cursor around the screen.

ENTER

key

Press the ENTER key to select the value

currently being displayed for a parameter,

or to perform a function selected by the

highlighted cursor.

ESCAPE

key

Press the ESCAPE key to escape from

any function back to the main menu, or to

escape from any parameter value screen

back to the menu displaying that parame-

ter.

F3 key Press the F3 key to display a help file for

the selected function or parameter.

Main Menu

The Main Menu appears after the EV2014 program has

started. If this menu does not appear, communication

with the EV2014 has not been established; please refer

to Appendix B (Troubleshooting) if the EV2014x does

not display the Main Menu.

The Main Menu shows six functions that may be acti-

vated; see Figure 1. Use the cursor keys (arrow keys) to

position the highlighted cursor over the function to be

activated and press the ENTER key. For help, press the

F3 key, and a help note about the function appears.

Press the ESCAPE key to exit from the EV2014 pro-

gram.

The Main Menu functions are as follows:

<Initialize> Sends a reset command to the bq2014.

<Monitor> Activates a screen from which the bq2014

activity is monitored on a real-time basis.

<Digital

Filter>

Activates a screen from which the Digital

Magnitude Filter can be changed. The

default filter value is -0.3mV, +0.38mV.

The bq2014 data sheet (Dec. 1994 B or

later) defines valid options for this filter.

<Data Log> Allows entering a file name to which

bq2014 data will be logged, and the log-

ging period in seconds. When the log is

EV2014

Rev. B Board

activated, the display changes to the

Monitor screen with a top display of:

Logging Record: xx

<Display

Program

Menu>

Activates a screen showing the current

program settings for the bq2014.

<Measure

VOS>

This allows the user to determine the ap-

parent offset voltage of the bq2014 under

test. A minimum of 6 minutes are re-

quired to complete the VOS measurement,

which has a resolution of ±0.15mV per 6

minutes.

Monitor Screen

This screen monitors real-time changes of the bq2014;

see Figure 2. The program continually updates the

monitor screen. As conditions change, the new values

are displayed.

Time Time of day in HH:MM:DD, 24-hour nota-

tion.

Empty/Full This indicates the current value for GG in

the TMPGG register of the bq2014. The

capacity value is given in 116th steps.

Date Current date in MM/DD/YY notation.

NAC NAC register values multiplied by the

scale value and divided by the sense resis-

tor value to give mAh.

LMD Last Measured Discharge expressed in

terms of mAH. This is the 8-bit LMD reg-

ister value multiplied by the scale value

times 256 and divided by the sense

resistor to give mAh.

Sense Resis-

tor Value

This is the sense resistor value from the

Programming menu.

Average VSR

Current

This is the average battery current.

Time

Remaining

During discharge only, this is the time re-

maining at the average current (NAC /

Avg. VSR current)

Digital

Filter Setting

This is the value of the digital magnitude

filter.

Temp Step This is a display of the active tempera-

ture step, which ranges from 0 (for tem-

peratures <-30°C) to 12 for temperatures

> 80°C).

Activity This indicates the charging/discharging

activity occurring with the battery.

CHARGE is displayed if the battery is

charging, while DISCHARGING is dis-

played if the battery is being discharged,

or if it is idle (no charging taking place).

OVERLOAD is displayed if the voltage

drop across the sense resistor exceeds the

VSR1 threshold. Please note that the ap-

pearance of CHARGE or DISCHARGE in-

dicators is rate-dependent, and may take

some time after the application of a

charging current or a discharge load de-

pending on the PFC and scale selected,

and the rate of charge or discharge being

applied.

Benchmarq BQ2014 Evaluation Board Main Menu (v2.3)

Please enter the SR, # of cells in Display Program for Proper Operation

ESC to exit program F3 for Help

Figure 1. Main Menu

EV2014

Rev. B Board

VSR Step This is the value of the VSR current step

as defined in the bq2014 data sheet.

GG Step This is the lower four bits of the TMPGG

NAC value relative to either the LMD or

the original programmed full count (as

determined by PROG1-4). The GG step is

reported as a step number from 0 to 15,

with step 0 representing available capacity

from 0 to 116 of full, and 15 representing

available capacity from 1516 full to full.

Charge

Rate

Indicates whether the present charge is

TRICKLE or FAST depending on the

state of the charge rate (CR) bit in

FLGS2.

First EDV This is the state of the EDV1 flag as pro-

grammed in the Display Program Menu.

The default is 1.05V. The EDV1 flag

latches ON if VSB drops below the EDV1

threshold value. It remains latched until

charging is detected, at which time it is

cleared.

Cell voltage This is the cell voltage at the SB pin of

the bq2014.

Battery

voltage

This multiplies the cell voltage by the

number of cells programmed in the Dis-

play Program Menu. The default is one

cell.

Battery

Removed

This is the state of the battery removed

flag. It is set (BRM = yes) if one of the

conditions indicating battery removed oc-

curs. This flag is reset when the battery

is replaced.

Valid

Discharge

This is the state of the VDQ bit in

FLGS1. VDQ = yes if the bq2014 is

charged until NAC = LMD. VDQ = no indi-

EV2014

Benchmarq BQ2014 Evaluation Board Real-Time Monitor Screen

Time: 99:99:99 EMPTY ****_____FULL Date: 99-99-9999

NAC: 99999 mAH LMD: 99999 mAH Sense Resistor Value: XXXmΩ

Avg Vsr Current: ±9999mA Time remaining: 9999 min.

Digital Filter Setting: -0.XXmV=Vsrd +0.XXmV=Vsrq Temp Step: XX

Activity: XXXXX Vsr Current Step: XX GG Step: XX

Charge Rate: XXXX First EDV: XXX Batt. Rem'vd: XXX

Valid Discharge: XXX Final EDV: XXX Batt. Repl'd: XXX

Cell Voltage: XXX V Batt. Voltage: XXX V

Capacity Inaccurate: XXX Capacity Inaccurate Count: XXX

FLGS1:XXXXX_XX FLGS2:XXXX___X

CBBCVNEE CDDDNNNO

HRRID/DD RRRR///V

GPM QUVV 210UUUL

S1F D

ESC to main menu F1 to modify NAC F2 to modify LMD

Figure 2. Real-Time Monitor Screen

Rev. B Board

cates the present discharge is not valid for

LMD update.

Final EDV This is the state of the EDVF flag as pro-

grammed in the Display Program Menu.

The value of EDVF is 0.1V lower than

EDV1. The EDVF flag latches ON if VSB

drops below the EDVF threshold value. It

remains latched until charging is de-

tected, at which time it is cleared.

Battery

Replaced

This is the state of the battery replaced

flag. It is set (BRP = yes) if the battery

valid condition returns after setting the

battery removed flag. The battery re-

placed flag is cleared if the battery is dis-

charged to the EDV1 level or if it is

charged to NAC = LMD. This flag is set

after a EV2014x initialization.

Capacity

Inaccurate

This is the state of the capacity inaccurate

bit in FLGS1. It is set (CI = yes) to indicate

that the battery capacity has not been up-

dated during the last 64 charge cycles.

Capacity

Inaccurate

Count

This is the number of charge cycles be-

tween an LMD update. This counter is

reset to zero when NAC = LMD after a

valid LMD update.

FLGS1 This indicates the present state of the

FLGS1 resistor.

FLGS2 This indicates the present state of the

FLGS2 resistor.

Digital Magnitude Filter Menu

This menu sets the digital magnitude filter in the

bq2014; see Figure 3. Any value from 1 to 255 is valid.

Suggested values are displayed on the menu.

Modifying NAC and LMD

It is possible to change the values of the NAC and LMD

parameters from the screen using the F1 and F2 func-

tion keys as follows.

Changing NAC (F1)

1) Press the F1 key. The NAC field is highlighted.

2) Enter the value in mAH and press the ENTER

key to store the value.

Note: Changing NAC disqualifies a subsequent

LMD update.

Changing LMD (F2)

1) Press the F2 key. The LMD field is highlighted.

2) Enter the value in mAH and press the ENTER

key to store the value.

Rev. B Board

Benchmarq BQ2014 Evaluation Board Digital Magnitude Filter Menu

Enter DMF Value from List below: XXX

Current Setting -0.XXmV=Vsrd +0.XXmV=Vsrq

Current Threshold (DMF(mv)/Rsns): XXXXmA

Suggested DMF Settings: DMF Vsrd(mV) Vsrq(mV)

75 -0.60 0.75

100 -0.45 0.56

150 (*) -0.30 0.38

175 -0.26 0.32

200 -0.23 0.28

* = Default Value

ESC to main menu F1 to modify DMF

Figure 3. Digital Magnitude Filter Menu

EV2014

Data Logging

The data log is activated from the Main Menu by select-

ing the Data Log function. A filename to be used and the

log sample period must be entered. For example:

Log Data to Filename: <filename.ext>

Enter Sample Period (10 sec or greater):<xx>

Opening Data Log File

When the data log is started, the Monitor Screen dis-

plays the number of the current log record between the

time and date fields at the top of the screen. To termi-

nate the data log, press the ESCAPE key. The file is

closed and data logging is terminated.

The data log record contains fields of ASCII data sepa-

rated by tab characters. The field names and descrip-

tions in record order are listed below.

TIME Time record written in seconds

LMD LMD value in mAh

NAC NAC value in mAh

Avg.

Discharge

Current

Average VSR battery current

BATV Battery cell voltage

FLAGS1 Binary setting of FLAGS1 flags:

Bit Meaning

0 EDVF flag state

1 EDV1 flag state

2 Not used

3 VDQ (valid discharge)

4 Capacity inaccurate

5 Battery removed flag state

6 Battery replaced flag state

7 Charge active flag state

FLAGS2 Binary setting of FLAGS2 flags:

Bit Meaning

0 Overload flag state

1–3 Not used

4–6 Discharge rate

7 Charge rate

The log records should be readable by most spreadsheet

programs.

EV2014

Rev. B Board

Benchmarq BQ2014 Programming Menu

Sense Resistor: 0.1 ΩScale Factor: 1/320

Display Full: RELATIVE PFC Count: XXXXX

PFC(mVH): XXXX

Self-Discharge Battery Capacity 9999 mAH

Rate: 1/47 NAC/day

Number of Cells: X

EDV1: X.XX

Programming Pin Configuration

Prog-1 * Prog-4 *

Prog-2 * Prog-5 *

Prog-3 * Prog-6 *

F1 = SR, F2 = NOC, F3 = EDV1, ESC to main menu

Figure 4. Display Program Menu

Display Program Menu

This menu is accessed by selecting the <Display Pro-

gram> function on the Main Menu. The programming

menu allows the user to set and observe the program

state of the bq2014; see Figure 4. To change the bq2014

PFC programming, reconfigure jumpers JP6–JP10 and

initialize the bq2014. The reset allows the bq2014 to

read the program pins.

Sense

Resistor

Press F1 to enter the value of sense resis-

tor in ohms. Typical values range from

0.02 to 0.1Ω.

The sense resistor value is used by the

EV2014 UIP to develop meaningful infor-

mation in terms of A, mA, and mAH in re-

lation to battery capacity and current.

The default value is 0.1. Values from

0.005 to 0.256 are saved in the battery ID

RAM byte of the bq2014. Values greater

than 0.256 must be re-entered each time

EV2014x is started.

Scale

Factor

Select the scale factor from the available

scales using JP8 and JP9.

Like the sense resistor, the scale factor is

used to develop meaningful information for

the programmed full count tables, battery

full, and available capacity indications.

PFC Count Program full count from Table 2 from the

bq2014 data sheet.

PFC Select the programmed full count using

JP6 and JP7. Note that the selected PFC

and the sense resistor value are used to

determine the initial battery full capacity

(mAh) represented by the PFC.

Battery

Capacity

This display indicates the battery capacity

represented by dividing the PFC by the

sense resistor. In practice, picking a PFC

and sense resistor that provide a battery

full value slightly lower than (within 5%)

the rated battery capacity is recommended.

Self-

Discharge

Rate

Select one of two available self-discharge

rates depending on the application and

battery type using JP10.

Number of

Cells

Press F2 to enter the number of cells in

the battery stack. This shows the battery

pack voltage on the monitor screen.

EDV1 Press F3 to enter the desired end of dis-

charge voltage for the battery pack. The

default value is 1.05V for the bq2014.

Program-

ming Pin

Configura-

tion

This displays indicates the programming

of the bq2014 by displaying H, Z, or L de-

pending on the state of the program pins.

Please refer to the bq2014 data sheet for

further details.

Benchmarq EV2014 Evaluation Board VOS Measurement

Present DMF Setting -XXXmV=Vsrd +XXXmV=Vsrq

Current Threshold (DMF(mv)/Rsns): XXXXmA

Do you want to test Vos?: Y/N

Calculated Vos: Vos XXXmV, over last xxxx seconds

Elapsed time: XXXX seconds

**Note: There must be no charge/discharge activity on the bq2014 for this test

to be valid. Running the test for a longer period of time increases

the Vos measurement resolution. This test requires a minimum

of 6 minutes before any value is displayed.

Figure 5. VOS Measurement Screen

EV2014

Rev. B Board

Measure VOS Screen

This screen is used to measure the VOS of the bq2014;

see Figure 5. A minimum of 360 seconds are required to

perform this test. Pressing the ESC key terminates the

test in progress. Operating the test for a longer period

increases the resolution of the test. A “beep” signals test

completion.

Appendix A: AP14A User's

Guide

The AP14 utility (AP14A.EXE) is used to communicate

with the bq2014 on a register basis. AP14 uses a driver

to communicate with the EV2014 over serial port on a

PC-AT personal computer.

AP14

The AP14 utility is started by executing AP14A.EXE.

After AP14 is started, the following prompt is displayed:

Select COM Port<1234>

Commands

The user can respond with various commands at the

prompt. Pressing “Q” causes the program to terminate.

–> ?

Pressing the ? key displays following menu:

These commands may be used to send or receive data

from the EV2014x.

–> A

If A is entered in response to –>, then a break bit is sent

to the EV2014x. This may be used to restart the com-

munication if a problem appears. If the prompt does not

return immediately, then proper communication has not

been established; please refer to Appendix B for trouble-

shooting procedures.

–> R#

If R# is entered in response to –>, where # is an applicable

address in HEX format, AP14 returns the value at that lo-

cation from the EV2014x. The addresses are defined in

the bq2014 data sheet. For example:

–> R03

causes the display to show:

R03= ##

where ## is the current NAC value in HEX format.

Address 00 is used to read and display all readable reg-

isters.

–> S#

If S# is entered in response to –>, where # is a valid

bq2014 address in HEX format, AP14 continuously

reads and displays the value at that location. The ad-

dressed are defined in the bq2014 data sheet. For exam-

ple:

–> S03

causes the display to show:

Address3=##after XXX.XX sec.

where ## is the value at location 03 and XXX.XX is

the number of seconds between changes in this

value.

–> W# = **

If W#=** is entered in response to –>, where # is an ap-

plicable address in HEX format and ** is the value to be

written, AP14 writes the value to that location. The ad-

dresses are defined in the bq2014 data sheet. For exam-

ple:

–> W05 = A0

causes the program to write A0 in location 05hex (LMD

EV2014

Rev. B Board

The following commands are available:

? This display is shown.

A Send break.

Q Quit and return to DOS.

R# Read at address #.

S# Scan at address #.

W# = ** Write at address # value **.

Appendix B: Troubleshooting

If the EV2014x Main Menu does not appear after start-

ing EV2014x, then communication to the bq2014 has not

been established. Please check the following:

1. Confirm the proper serial port is being used.

2. Confirm the battery divider is properly set for the

number of cells in the battery pack.

3. Confirm JP5 and JP13 are properly set for either

an external supply through LBAT+ (J1) or the mi-

croregulator.

4. Confirm the battery is attached between BAT+ and

BAT– (J1 and J2).

5. Push S1. SEG1 LED should be on indicating that

the bq2014 is properly powered.

6. If the LED is not on, check the battery voltage on

pin 16 of the bq2014 to determine if it is above 3V

but below 6.5V.

7. If the LED is on, and the EV2014x Main Menu still

does not appear, try using AP14 to establish com-

munication. Appendix A describes AP14.

8. If communication cannot be established using

AP14, the problem is either the RS-232 port in the

PC or the EV2014x interface section. Please con-

tact Benchmarq if the interface section is not work-

ing properly on the EV2014x board.

Rev. B Board

EV2014

CHG

DISP

DONE SR

EMPTY

REF

VSS

SEG5

SEG4

SEG3

SEG2

SEG1

VCC

LCOM

BQ2014

JP16

SEG5

D11

SEG4

D10

SEG3

SEG2

SEG1

220K

SR2

6VCC

220K

SR2

220K

SR2

220K

SR2

220K

SR2

220K

SR2

220K

SR1

220K

SR1

220K

SR1

220K

SR1

220K

SR1

0.1

470

R32

470

R31

470

R30

100K

R15

0.1

R16

JP10

JP11

JP12

JP13

JP14

100K

R21

0.1

15M

R13

VCC

DISCHARGE

3 4

0.1

VCC

CHG

DONE

EMPTY

REF

BAT-

DISP

LCOM

PG5PG4PG3PG2PG1

CNTL

RET-

EV2014, Rev A, 8-8-96, 1 of 2

Appendix C: EV2014 Schematic

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