VMware VSphere 4 Manuale utente

VERSION 4.0.1

User’s Manual

Please note that you can always find the most up-to-date technical docu-

mentation on our Web site at http://www.vmware.com/support/.

The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates.

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may be trademarks of their respective companies. Revision: 20030717 Item: WS-ENG-Q203-003

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Table of Contents

Introduction and System Requirements __________________________ 11

Powerful Virtual Machine Software for the Technical Professional ________13

What’s New in Version 4 __________________________________________14

New in Version 4 _____________________________________________14

Host System Requirements ________________________________________16

Virtual Machine Specifications _____________________________________19

Supported Guest Operating Systems ________________________________22

Technical Support Resources ______________________________________24

Documentation on the Web ____________________________________24

VMware Knowledge Base ______________________________________24

VMware Newsgroups __________________________________________24

Reporting Problems ___________________________________________24

Installing VMware Workstation _________________________________ 27

Selecting Your Host System _____________________________________28

Installing VMware Workstation 4 on a Windows Host ___________________29

Installing the VMware Workstation Software ________________________29

Uninstalling VMware Workstation 4 on a Windows Host _______________33

Installing VMware Workstation 4 on a Linux Host _______________________34

Before Installing on a Linux Host _________________________________34

Installing the VMware Workstation Software ________________________35

Configuring Your Web Browser __________________________________37

Uninstalling VMware Workstation 4 on a Linux Host __________________37

Upgrading VMware Workstation ________________________________ 39

Preparing for the Upgrade ________________________________________41

Before You Install VMware Workstation 4 ___________________________41

When You Remove Version 2 or 3 and Install Version 4 ________________42

Upgrading from Version 2 or 3 to Version 4 _________________________44

Using Virtual Machines Created with Version 3 under Version 4 ___________47

Create Everything New from the Start _____________________________47

Use an Existing Configuration File and Virtual Disk ___________________47

Use an Existing Virtual Machine and Upgrade the Virtual Hardware ______48

Upgrading Virtual Hardware in the Guest Operating System ____________49

Upgrading the Virtual Hardware in an Existing Virtual Machine _________57

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Using Virtual Machines Created with Version 2 under Version 4 ___________58

Upgrading Virtual Hardware in the Guest Operating System ___________58

Creating a New Virtual Machine _________________________________ 63

Setting Up a New Virtual Machine __________________________________65

What’s in a Virtual Machine? ____________________________________65

Simple Steps to a New Virtual Machine ____________________________66

Installing a Guest Operating System and VMware Tools __________________74

Installing Windows XP as a Guest Operating System ____________________75

Installing VMware Tools __________________________________________77

VMware Tools for Windows Guests _______________________________77

VMware Tools for Linux Guests __________________________________81

VMware Tools for FreeBSD Guests ________________________________83

Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine ________________85

VMware Tools Configuration Options ________________________________86

Using the System Console to Configure VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest

Operating System ____________________________________________88

Running VMware Workstation __________________________________ 91

Overview of the VMware Workstation Window ______________________93

Starting a Virtual Machine on a Windows Host ______________________96

Starting a Virtual Machine on a Linux Host _________________________98

Checking the Status of VMware Tools _____________________________98

Using Full Screen Mode ________________________________________99

Using Quick Switch Mode _____________________________________100

Taking Advantage of Multiple Monitors ___________________________100

Fitting the VMware Workstation Window to the Virtual Machine _______101

Fitting a Windows Guest Operating System’s Display to the VMware

Workstation Window _________________________________________101

Simplifying the Screen Display __________________________________102

Installing New Software in the Virtual Machine _____________________103

Cutting, Copying and Pasting Text _______________________________104

Using Shared Folders _________________________________________104

Using Drag and Drop _________________________________________107

Suspending and Resuming Virtual Machines ______________________107

Taking and Reverting to a Snapshot _____________________________108

Shutting Down a Virtual Machine _______________________________108

Adding, Configuring and Removing Devices in a Virtual Machine ______109

Connecting and Disconnecting Removable Devices _________________110

Creating a Screen Shot of a Virtual Machine _______________________110

Setting Preferences for VMware Workstation _______________________110

Setting Application Settings for VMware Workstation ________________112

Command Reference _________________________________________114

Keyboard Shortcuts __________________________________________115

Moving and Sharing Virtual Machines ___________________________ 117

Moving a VMware Workstation 4 Virtual Machine _____________________119

Virtual Machines Use Relative Paths ______________________________119

Preparing Your Virtual Machine for the Move ______________________119

Moving a Virtual Machine to a New Host Machine __________________120

Moving a VMware Workstation 3.1 or 3.2 Virtual Machine _______________121

Virtual Machines May Have Relative or Absolute Paths _______________121

Preparing Your Virtual Machine for the Move ______________________121

Moving a Virtual Machine to a New Host Machine __________________122

Moving an Older Virtual Machine __________________________________124

Preparing Your Virtual Machine for the Move ______________________124

Preparing the New Host Machine _______________________________125

Considerations for Moving Disks in Undoable Mode _________________126

Sharing Virtual Machines with Other Users ___________________________128

Using Disks _________________________________________________ 129

Configuring Hard Disk Storage in a Virtual Machine ____________________131

Disk Types: Virtual and Physical _________________________________131

File Locations _______________________________________________133

Updating Filenames for Virtual Disks Created with Earlier VMware

Products ___________________________________________________135

Defragmenting and Shrinking Virtual Disks ________________________136

Adding Drives to a Virtual Machine ________________________________138

Adding Virtual Disks to a Virtual Machine _________________________138

Adding Raw Disks to a Virtual Machine ___________________________140

Adding DVD or CD Drives to a Virtual Machine _____________________142

Adding Floppy Drives to a Virtual Machine ________________________144

Connecting a CD-ROM or Floppy Drive to an Image File ______________145

Configuring a Dual-Boot Computer for Use with a Virtual Machine ________146

Configuring Dual- or Multiple-Boot Systems to Run with VMware

Workstation ________________________________________________148

Setting Up Hardware Profiles in Virtual Machines ___________________154

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Running a Windows 2000, Windows XP or Windows Server 2003 Virtual

Machine from an Existing Multiple-Boot Installation _________________157

Setting Up the SVGA Video Driver for a Windows 95 Guest Operating

System Booted from a Raw Disk ________________________________158

Setting Up the SVGA Video Driver for Use with a Windows 98 Guest

Operating System Booted from a Raw Disk ________________________159

Do Not Use Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003

Dynamic Disks as Raw Disks ____________________________________161

Configuring Dual- or Multiple-Boot SCSI Systems to Run with VMware

Workstation on a Linux Host ___________________________________161

Installing an Operating System onto a Raw Partition from a Virtual Machine _166

Configuring a Windows Host ___________________________________166

Configuring a Linux Host ______________________________________169

Disk Performance in Windows NT Guests on Multiprocessor Hosts ________ 171

Improving Performance _______________________________________171

Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine ________________________ 173

Using Suspend and Resume ______________________________________175

Using the Snapshot ____________________________________________176

What Is Captured by the Snapshot? ______________________________176

Settings for the Snapshot _____________________________________177

Updating the Snapshot When You Change Virtual Machine Settings ____178

Removing the Snapshot ______________________________________178

Ways of Using the Snapshot ___________________________________178

The Snapshot and Legacy Disk Modes ___________________________179

The Snapshot and Repeatable Resume ___________________________179

The Snapshot and Legacy Virtual Machines _______________________180

The Snapshot and the Virtual Machine’s Hard Disks _________________180

The Snapshot and Other Activity in the Virtual Machine ______________181

Networking _________________________________________________ 183

Components of the Virtual Network ________________________________186

Common Networking Configurations ______________________________188

Bridged Networking _________________________________________188

Network Address Translation (NAT) ______________________________189

Host-Only Networking ________________________________________190

Custom Networking Configurations ________________________________192

Changing the Networking Configuration ____________________________195

Adding and Modifying Virtual Network Adapters ___________________195

Configuring Bridged Networking Options on a Windows Host _________196

Enabling, Disabling, Adding and Removing Host Virtual Adapters ______200

Advanced Networking Topics ____________________________________203

Selecting IP Addresses on a Host-Only Network or NAT Configuration ___203

Avoiding IP Packet Leakage in a Host-Only Network _________________205

Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine ______207

Controlling Routing Information for a Host-Only Network on a Linux Host 209

Other Potential Issues with Host-Only Networking on a Linux Host _____209

Setting Up a Second Bridged Network Interface on a Linux Host _______210

Setting Up Two Separate Host-Only Networks _____________________211

Routing between Two Host-Only Networks _______________________215

Using Virtual Ethernet Adapters in Promiscuous Mode on a Linux Host __219

Understanding NAT ____________________________________________220

Using NAT _________________________________________________220

The Host Computer and the NAT Network ________________________220

DHCP on the NAT Network ____________________________________221

DNS on the NAT Network _____________________________________221

External Access from the NAT Network ___________________________221

Advanced NAT Configuration __________________________________222

Custom NAT and DHCP Configuration on a Windows Host ____________226

Considerations for Using NAT __________________________________226

Using NAT with NetLogon _____________________________________227

Sample Linux vmnetnat.conf File ________________________________228

Using Samba on a Linux Host _____________________________________231

Using Samba for File Sharing on a Linux Host ______________________231

Video and Sound ____________________________________________ 239

Setting Screen Color Depth in a Virtual Machine ______________________241

Changing Screen Color Depth on the Host ________________________241

Changing Screen Color Depth in the Virtual Machine ________________241

Changing XFree86 Video Resolutions on a Linux Host __________________243

Configuration _______________________________________________243

Possible Issues ______________________________________________243

Configuring Sound ____________________________________________245

Installing Sound Drivers in Windows 9x and Windows NT Guest Operating

Systems ___________________________________________________245

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Connecting Devices __________________________________________ 247

Using Parallel Ports _____________________________________________250

Parallel Ports ________________________________________________250

Installation in Guest Operating Systems __________________________250

Configuring a Parallel Port on a Linux Host ________________________251

Special Notes for the Iomega Zip Drive ___________________________253

Using Serial Ports ______________________________________________254

Using a Serial Port on the Host Computer _________________________254

Using a File on the Host Computer ______________________________255

Connecting an Application on the Host to a Virtual Machine __________ 256

Connecting Two Virtual Machines _______________________________258

Special Configuration Options for Advanced Users __________________262

Examples: Debugging over a Virtual Serial Port _____________________263

Keyboard Mapping on a Linux Host ________________________________266

Quick Answers ______________________________________________266

The Longer Story ____________________________________________266

V-Scan Code Table ___________________________________________269

Using USB Devices in a Virtual Machine _____________________________274

Notes on USB Support in Version 4 ______________________________274

Enabling and Disabling the USB Controller ________________________274

Connecting USB Devices ______________________________________274

Using USB with a Windows Host ________________________________275

Replacing USB 2.0 Drivers on a Windows 2000 Host _________________275

Using USB with a Linux Host ___________________________________276

Who Has Control over a USB Device? _____________________________276

Disconnecting USB Devices from a Virtual Machine _________________277

Human Interface Devices ______________________________________278

Connecting to a Generic SCSI Device _______________________________279

Generic SCSI on a Windows Host Operating System _________________279

Generic SCSI on a Linux Host Operating System ____________________281

Performance Tuning _________________________________________ 283

Configuring and Maintaining the Host Computer _____________________285

Configuring VMware Workstation __________________________________286

General VMware Workstation Options ____________________________286

VMware Workstation on a Windows Host _________________________289

VMware Workstation on a Linux Host ____________________________290

Memory Usage Notes ___________________________________________292

Virtual Machine Memory Size __________________________________292

Reserved Memory ___________________________________________293

Using More Than 1GB of Memory on a Linux Host __________________294

Improving Performance for Guest Operating Systems __________________296

Windows 95 and Windows 98 Guest Operating System Performance Tips 296

Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 Guest Operating

System Performance Tips ______________________________________298

Linux Guest Operating System Performance Tips ___________________300

Special-Purpose Configuration Options _________________________ 301

Locking Out Interface Features ____________________________________303

Removing a Forgotten Password ________________________________303

Restricting the User Interface _____________________________________305

Automatically Returning to a Snapshot with a Restricted User Interface __306

Glossary ____________________________________________________ 309

Index ______________________________________________________ 315

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