Agilent Technologies E5500A Manuale utente

Agilent Technologies E5500A/B

Phase Noise Measurement System

User’s Guide

Part number: E5500-90004

PrintedinUSA

June 2000

Supersedes September 1999

Revision A.01.05

Agilent Technologies E5500 Phase Noise Measurement System

Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change without

notice.

Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this

material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of

merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies

shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or

consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or

use of this material.

Agilent Technologies assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of

its software on equipment that is not furnished by Agilent Technologies.

This document contains proprietary information which is protected by

photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without prior

written consent of Agilent Technologies Company.

U.S. Government Restricted Rights

The Software and documentation are provided with "Restricted Rights".

Use,duplication or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to the

restrictions set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical

Data and Computer Software clauses in DFARS 252.227-7013 or as set

forth in subparagraph (c)(1) and (2) of the Commercial Computer Software -

Restricted Rights clauses at 48 CFR 52.227-19, as applicable. The

Contractor for the Software is Agilent Technologies Company, 3000

Hanover Street, Palo Alto, California 94304.

Trademarks

Windows NT 4.0is a U.S trademarks of Microsoft Corp.

Pentium is a U.S. trademark of Intel Corporation

Agilent Technologies Company

Santa Rosa Systems Division

1400 Fountaingrove Parkway

Santa Rosa, CA 95403-1799, U.S.A.

Agilent Technologies E5500 Phase Noise Measurement System

iii

Software License

Terms The following terms govern your use of the enclosed software programs

("Software") unless you have a separate written agreement with Agilent

Technologies.

License Grant

Agilent Technologies grants you a license to Use one copy of the version of

the Software identified in your documentation on any one product. "Use"

means storing, loading, installing,executing or displaying the Software. You

may not modify the Software or disable any licensing or control features of

the Software. Additional coppies of the software may be used for the sole

purpose of viewing previously measured data.

Ownership

The Software is owned and copyrighted by Agilent Technologies or its third

party licensors. Your license confers no title or ownership in the Software

and should not be construed as a sale of any rights in the Software. Agilent

Technologies' third party licensors may protect their rights in the event of

any violation of these terms.

Copies and Adaptations

You may only make copies or adaptations of the Software for archival

purposes or when copying or adaptation is an essential step in the authorized

Use of the Software

You must reproduce all copyright notices in the original Software on all

authorized copies or adaptations. You may not copy the Software onto any

bulletin board or similar system.

No Disassembly or Decryption

You may not disassemble, decompile or decrypt the Software unless Agilent

Technologies' prior written consent is obtained. In some jurisdictions,

Agilent Technologies' consent may not be required for disassembly or

decompilation. Upon request, you will provide Agilent Technologies with

reasonably detailed information regarding any disassembly or

decompilation.

Transfer

Your license will automatically terminate upon any transfer of the Software.

Upon transfer, you must deliver all copies of the Software and related

documentation to the transferee. The transferee must accept these License

Terms as a condition to the transfer.

Agilent Technologies E5500 Phase Noise Measurement System

Third Party Software

Software may include third party software. Those third parties may protect

their rights in the event of any violation of these License Terms.

Termination

Agilent Technologies may terminate your license upon notice forfailure to

comply with any of these License Terms. Upon termination, you must

immediately destroy the Software, together with all copies, adaptations and

merged portions in any form.

Export Requirements

You may not export or re-export the Software or any copy or adaptation in

violation of any applicable laws or regulations.

Agilent Technologies E5500 Phase Noise Measurement System

What You’ll Find in This Manual…

•Chapter 1, “Getting Started with the Agilent Technologies E5500 Phase

Noise Measurement System”

•Chapter 2, “Welcome to the HP E5500 Phase Noise Measurement

System Series of Solutions”

•Chapter 3, “Your First Measurement”

•Chapter 4, “Phase Noise Basics”

•Chapter 5, “Expanding Your Measurement Experience”

•Chapter 6, “Absolute Measurement Fundamentals”

•Chapter 7, “Absolute Measurement Examples”

•Chapter 8, “Residual Measurement Fundamentals”

•Chapter 9, “Residual Measurement Examples”

•Chapter 10, “FM Discriminator Fundamentals”

•Chapter 11, “FM Discriminator Measurement Examples”

•Chapter 12, “AM Noise Measurement Fundamentals”

•Chapter 13, “AM Noise Measurement Examples”

•Chapter 14, “Baseband Noise Measurement Examples”

•Chapter 15, “Evaluating Your Measurement Results”

•Chapter 16, “Advanced Software Features”

•Chapter 17, “Error Messages and System Troubleshooting”

•Chapter 18, “Reference Graphs and Tables”

•Chapter 19, “Connect Diagrams”

•Chapter 20, “System Specifications”

•Chapter 21, “Phase Noise Customer Support”

•Appendix A, “Connector Care and Preventive Maintenance”

Agilent Technologies E5500 Phase Noise Measurement System

Limited Warranty

Software Agilent Technologies warrants that the software will perform substantially

in accordance with the written materials for a period of one (1) year from the

date of receipt.

Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation of the software will

be uninterrupted or error free. In the event that this software product fails to

execute its programming instructions during the warranty period, the

customer’s remedy shall be to return the media to Agilent Technologies for

replacement. Should Agilent Technologies be unable to replace the media

within a reasonable amount of time, Customer’s alternate remedy shall be a

refund of the purchase price upon return of all copies of the software.

Media Agilent Technologies warrants the media upon which this product is

recorded to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal

use for a period of one (1) year from the date of purchase. In the event any

media prove to be defective during the warranty period, Customer’s remedy

shall be to return the media to Agilent Technologies for replacement. Should

Agilent Technologies be unable to replace the media within a reasonable

amount of time, Customer’s alternate remedy shall be a refund of the

purchase price upon return of the product and all copies.

Notice of Warranty

Claims Customer shall notify Agilent Technologies in writing of any warranty claim

not later than thirty (30) days after the expiration of the warranty period.

Limitation of

Warranty Agilent Technologies makes no other express warranty, whether written or

oral, with respect to this product.

Any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness is limited to one (1) year

duration of this written warranty.

This warranty gives specific legal rights, and Customer may also have rights

which vary which vary from state to state, or province to province.

Exclusive Remedies The remedies provided above are Customer’s sole and exclusive remedies.

In no event shall Agilent Technologies be liable for any direct, indirect,

special, incidental, or consequential damages (including lost profit) whether

based on warranty, contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

Assistance For assistance, call your local Agilent Technologies Sales and Service

Office (refer to “Service and Support” on page -vii).

Agilent Technologies E5500 Phase Noise Measurement System

vii

Service and Support

Any adjustment, maintenance, or repair of this product must be performed

by qualified personnel. Contact your customer engineer through your local

Agilent Technologies Service Center. You can find a list of Agilent

Technologies Service Centers on the web at

http://www.agilent.com/find/tmdir.

If you do not have access to the Internet, one of these Agilent Technologies

centers can direct you to your nearest Agilent Technologies representative:

United States: Agilent Technologies Company

Test and Measurement Call Center

PO Box 4026

Englewood, CO 80155-4026

(800) 452 4844 (toll-free in US)

Canada: Agilent Technologies Canada Ltd.

5150 Spectrum Way

Mississauga, Ontario L4W 5G1

(905) 206 4725

Europe: Agilent Technologies European Marketing Centre

Postbox 999

1180 AZ Amstelveen

The Netherlands

(31 20) 547 9900

Japan: Yokogawa-Agilent Technologies Ltd.

Measurement Assistance Center

9-1, Takakura-Cho, Hachioji-Shi

Tokyo 192, Japan

(81) 426 56 7832

(81) 426 56 7840 (FAX)

Latin America: Agilent Technologies Latin American Region

Headquarters

5200 Blue Lagoon Drive, 9th Floor

Miami, Florida 33126, U.S.A.

(305) 267 4245

(305) 267 4288 (FAX)

Australia/New

Zealand: Agilent Technologies Australia Ltd.

31-41 Joseph Street

Blackburn, Victoria 3130

Australia

1 800 629 485 (toll-free)

Asia-Pacific: Agilent Technologies Asia Pacific Ltd.

17-21/F Shell Tower, Times Square

1 Matheson Street, Causeway Bay

Hong Kong

(852) 2599 7777

(852) 2506 9285 (FAX)

Agilent Technologies E5500 Phase Noise Measurement System

-i

Notice ..................................................... ii

SoftwareLicenseTerms....................................iii

WhatYou’llFindinThisManual….............................. v

LimitedWarranty ............................................vi

Software ................................................vi

Media ..................................................vi

NoticeofWarrantyClaims..................................vi

LimitationofWarranty.....................................vi

ExclusiveRemedies .......................................vi

Assistance...............................................vi

Service and Support . ........................................ vii

1. Getting Started with the Agilent Technologies E5500 Phase Noise

Measurement System

WhatYou’llFindinThisChapter… ............................1-1

Introduction................................................1-2

TrainingGuidelines .........................................1-3

2. Welcome to the Agilent Technologies E5500 Phase Noise Measurement

System Series of Solutions

WhatYou’llFindinThisChapter… ............................2-1

IntroducingtheGraphicalUserInterface .........................2-2

SystemRequirements ........................................2-4

3. Your First Measurement

WhatYou’llFindinThisChapter… ............................3-1

DesignedtoMeetYourNeeds .................................3-2

AsYouBegin ...........................................3-2

AsYouProgress .........................................3-2

E5500Operation;AGuidedTour ..............................3-3

RequiredEquipment......................................3-3

HowtoBegin ...........................................3-3

StartingtheMeasurementSoftware .............................3-4

MakingaMeasurement ......................................3-5

BeginningtheMeasurement................................3-7

ConnectDiagramExample ................................3-8

MakingtheMeasurement..................................3-8

Sweep-Segments ........................................3-9

Congratulations .........................................3-9

ToLearnMore ..........................................3-9

4. Phase Noise Basics

WhatYou’llFindinThisChapter ..............................4-1

WhatisPhaseNoise? ........................................4-2

5. Expanding Your Measurement Experience

WhatYou’llFindinThisChapter ..............................5-1

StartingtheMeasurementSoftware .............................5-2

UsingtheAssetManagertoAddaSource........................5-3

-ii

Agilent Technologies E5500 Phase Noise Measurement System

UsingtheServerHardwareConnectionstoSpecifytheSource ....... 5-8

Testing the Agilent/HP 8663A Internal/External 10 MHz . . . ....... 5-10

DefiningtheMeasurement ............................... 5-11

SelectingaReferenceSource ............................. 5-13

SelectingLoopSuppressionVerification .................... 5-14

Setup Considerations for the Agilent/HP 8663A

10MHzMeasurement ............................... 5-14

BeginningtheMeasurement .............................. 5-16

Sweep-Segments....................................... 5-28

CheckingtheBeatnote .................................. 5-28

MakingtheMeasurement ................................ 5-29

Testing the Agilent/HP 8644B Internal/External 10 MHz . . . ....... 5-33

DefiningtheMeasurement ............................... 5-34

SelectingaReferenceSource ............................. 5-36

SelectingLoopSuppressionVerification .................... 5-37

Setup Considerations for the Agilent/HP 8663A

10MHzMeasurement ............................... 5-37

BeginningtheMeasurement .............................. 5-39

Sweep-Segments....................................... 5-51

CheckingtheBeatnote .................................. 5-51

MakingtheMeasurement ................................ 5-52

ViewingMarkers.......................................... 5-56

OmittingSpurs............................................ 5-57

DisplayingtheParameterSummary ........................... 5-59

ExportingMeasurementResults .............................. 5-60

ExportingTraceData ................................... 5-61

ExportingSpurData .................................... 5-62

ExportingX-YData .................................... 5-63

6. Absolute Measurement Fundamentals

WhatYou’llFindinThisChapter.............................. 6-1

ThePhaseLockLoopTechnique .............................. 6-2

UnderstandingthePhase-LockLoopTechnique ............... 6-3

ThePhaseLockLoopCircuit .............................. 6-3

WhatSetstheMeasurementNoiseFloor? ....................... 6-6

TheSystemNoiseFloor .................................. 6-6

TheNoiseLeveloftheReferenceSource .................... 6-7

SelectingaReference ....................................... 6-8

UsingaSimilarDevice ................................... 6-8

UsingaSignalGenerator ................................. 6-9

TuningRequirements .................................... 6-9

EstimatingtheTuningConstant .............................. 6-11

TrackingFrequencyDrift ................................... 6-12

EvaluatingBeatnoteDrift ................................ 6-12

ChangingthePTR ......................................... 6-14

TheTuningQualifications ............................... 6-14

MinimizingInjectionLocking................................ 6-16

Agilent Technologies E5500 Phase Noise Measurement System

-iii

AddingIsolation........................................6-16

IncreasingthePLLBandwidth.............................6-16

InsertingaDevice..........................................6-18

AnAttenuator..........................................6-18

AnAmplifier ..........................................6-18

EvaluatingNoiseAbovetheSmallAngleLine ...................6-20

DeterminingthePhaseLockLoopBandwidth ................6-20

7. Absolute Measurement Examples

WhatYou’llFindinThisChapter ..............................7-1

StableRFOscillator .........................................7-2

RequiredEquipment......................................7-2

DefiningtheMeasurement.................................7-3

SelectingaReferenceSource...............................7-5

SelectingLoopSuppressionVerification......................7-6

SetupConsiderationsfortheStableRFOscillatorMeasurement ...7-6

BeginningtheMeasurement................................7-8

CheckingtheBeatnote ...................................7-19

MakingtheMeasurement.................................7-20

Free-RunningRFOscillator ..................................7-24

RequiredEquipment.....................................7-24

DefiningtheMeasurement................................7-25

SelectingaReferenceSource..............................7-27

SelectingLoopSuppressionVerification.....................7-28

Setup Considerations for the Free-Running RF

OscillatorMeasurement...............................7-28

BeginningtheMeasurement...............................7-31

CheckingtheBeatnote ...................................7-42

MakingtheMeasurement.................................7-44

RFSynthesizerusingDCFM .................................7-48

RequiredEquipment.....................................7-48

DefiningtheMeasurement................................7-49

SelectingaReferenceSource..............................7-51

SelectingLoopSuppressionVerification.....................7-52

Setup Considerations for the RF Synthesizer using

DCFMMeasurement .................................7-52

BeginningtheMeasurement...............................7-55

CheckingtheBeatnote ...................................7-66

MakingtheMeasurement.................................7-68

RFSynthesizerusingEFC ...................................7-72

RequiredEquipment.....................................7-72

DefiningtheMeasurement................................7-73

SelectingaReferenceSource..............................7-75

SelectingLoopSuppressionVerification.....................7-76

SelectingaReferenceSource..............................7-77

Setup Considerations for the RF Synthesizer using

EFCMeasurement ...................................7-77

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