Campbell HFP01 Manuale utente

Model HFP01

Soil Heat Flux Plate

Revision: 7/12

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Warranty

“PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED BY CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. are

warranted by Campbell Scientific, Inc. (“Campbell”) to be free from defects in

materials and workmanship under normal use and service for twelve (12)

months from date of shipment unless otherwise specified in the corresponding

Campbell pricelist or product manual. Products not manufactured, but that are

re-sold by Campbell, are warranted only to the limits extended by the original

manufacturer. Batteries, fine-wire thermocouples, desiccant, and other

consumables have no warranty. Campbell's obligation under this warranty is

limited to repairing or replacing (at Campbell's option) defective products,

which shall be the sole and exclusive remedy under this warranty. The

customer shall assume all costs of removing, reinstalling, and shipping

defective products to Campbell. Campbell will return such products by surface

carrier prepaid within the continental United States of America. To all other

locations, Campbell will return such products best way CIP (Port of Entry)

INCOTERM® 2010, prepaid. This warranty shall not apply to any products

which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, improper service,

accidents of nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other

warranties, expressed or implied. The warranty for installation services

performed by Campbell such as programming to customer specifications,

electrical connections to products manufactured by Campbell, and product

specific training, is part of Campbell’s product warranty. CAMPBELL

EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS AND EXCLUDES ANY IMPLIED

WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A

PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Campbell is not liable for any special, indirect,

incidental, and/or consequential damages.”

Assistance

Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following

contact information is for US and international customers residing in countries

served by Campbell Scientific, Inc. directly. Affiliate companies handle

repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit

www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company serves

your country.

To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA), contact CAMPBELL

SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone (435) 227-9000. After an applications engineer

determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please

write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. Campbell

Scientific's shipping address is:

CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.

RMA#_____

815 West 1800 North

Logan, Utah 84321-1784

For all returns, the customer must fill out a "Statement of Product Cleanliness

and Decontamination" form and comply with the requirements specified in it.

The form is available from our web site at www.campbellsci.com/repair. A

completed form must be either emailed to repair@campbellsci.com or faxed to

(435) 227-9106. Campbell Scientific is unable to process any returns until we

receive this form. If the form is not received within three days of product

receipt or is incomplete, the product will be returned to the customer at the

customer's expense. Campbell Scientific reserves the right to refuse service on

products that were exposed to contaminants that may cause health or safety

concerns for our employees.

HFP01 Table of Contents

PDF viewers: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the

PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.

1. Introduction..................................................................1

2. Cautionary Statements................................................1

3. Initial Inspection ..........................................................1

4. Overview.......................................................................1

5. Specifications ..............................................................2

6. Installation....................................................................3

6.1 Placement in Soil......................................................................................3

6.2 Wiring.......................................................................................................5

6.3 Programming ............................................................................................5

6.4 Soil Heat Flux and Storage.......................................................................7

7. Maintenance.................................................................8

8. References ...................................................................8

Appendix

A. General Theory of Heat Flux Sensors...................A-1

A.1 General Theory................................................................................... A-1

A.2 Extended Theory................................................................................. A-2

Figures

6-1. Placement of heat flux plates...................................................................3

6-2. HFP01 plate to datalogger connections...................................................4

A-1. General characteristics of a heat flux sensor ..................................... A-1

A-2. Deflection error ................................................................................. A-2

Tables

6-1. Datalogger Connections for a Single-Ended Measurement ....................5

6-2. Wiring for Example 1..............................................................................5

6-3. Wiring for Example 2..............................................................................6

6-4. Wiring for Example 3..............................................................................7

Model HFP01 Soil Heat Flux Plate

1. Introduction

The HFP01 outputs a voltage signal that is proportional to the heat flux of the

surrounding medium (usually soil). It is typically used for energy-balance or

Bowen-ratio flux systems. At least two sensors are required for each site to

provide spatial averaging. Sites with heterogeneous media may require

additional sensors.

Before installing the HFP01, please study

•Section 2, Cautionary Statements

•Section 3, Initial Inspection

The installation procedure is provided in Section 6.

2. Cautionary Statements

•Care should be taken when opening the shipping package to not damage

or cut the cable jacket. If damage to the cable is suspected, consult with a

Campbell Scientific applications engineer.

•Although the HFP01 is rugged, it should be handled as a precision

scientific instrument.

3. Initial Inspection

•Upon receipt of the HFP01, inspect the packaging and contents for

damage. File damage claims with the shipping company.

•The model number and cable length are printed on a label at the

connection end of the cable. Check this information against the shipping

documents to ensure the correct product and cable length are received.

•The HFP01 is shipped with a calibration sheet and an instruction manual

or a ResourceDVD.

4. Overview

The HFP01 Soil Heat Flux Plate uses a thermopile to measure temperature

gradients across its plate. Operating in a completely passive way, it generates

a small output voltage that is proportional to this differential temperature.

Assuming that the heat flux is steady, that the thermal conductivity of the body

is constant, and that the sensor has negligible influence on the thermal flow

pattern, the signal of the HFP01 is directly proportional to the local heat flux.

Model HFP01 Soil Heat Flux Plate

The HFP01’s output is in millivolts. To convert this measured voltage to heat

flux, it must be divided by the plate’s calibration constant. A unique

calibration constant is supplied with each sensor.

To get the soil heat flux at the surface, use at least two HFP01s to measure soil

heat flux at a depth of 8 cm; a TCAV Averaging Soil Thermocouple to

measure the temporal change in temperature of the soil layer above the HFP01;

and a CS616, CS650, or CS655 water content reflectometer to measure soil

water content (see Figure 6-1). The temporal change in soil temperature and

soil water content are used to compute the soil storage term.

The -L extension in the model name (i.e., HFP01-L) indicates a user-specified

cable length. This manual refers to the sensor as the HFP01.

The sensor's cable can terminate in:

•Pigtails that connect directly to a Campbell Scientific datalogger

(option –PT).

•Connector that attaches to a prewired enclosure (option –PW). Refer

to www.campbellsci.com/prewired-enclosures for more information.

•Connector that attaches to a CWS900 Wireless Sensor Interface

(option –CWS). The CWS900 allows the probe to be used in a

wireless sensor network. Refer to www.campbellsci.com/cws900 for

more information.

A general discussion about the characteristics and principles of

operation of heat flux sensors is shown in Appendix A.

NOTE

5. Specifications

Features:

•Compatible with most of our contemporary and retired dataloggers

•Compatible with the CWS900-series interfaces, allowing it to be used

in a wireless sensor network

Compatibility

Dataloggers: CR800 series

CR1000

CR3000

CR5000

CR9000(X)

CR7X

CR510

CR10(X)

CR23X

21X

Operating Temperature: -30°to +70°C

Plate Thickness: 5.0 mm (0.20 in)

Plate Diameter: 80.0 mm (3.15 in)

Model HFP01 Soil Heat Flux Plate

Weight (w/o cable): 200 g (7.05 oz)

Sensor: Thermopile

Measurement Range: ±2000 W m-2

Sensitivity (nominal): 50 μV W-1 m-2

Expected Typical Accuracy

(12 hour totals): within -15% to +5% in most common soils

Nominal Resistance: 2 W

Sensor Thermal Resistance: <6.25 x 10-3 Km2W-1

2 cm

6 cm

8 cm

Ground Surface

Up to 1 m

2.5 cm

Partial emplacement of the HFP01 and the TCAV

sensors is shown for illustration purposes. All

sensors must be completely inserted into the soil face

before the hole is backfilled.

FIGURE 6-1. Placement of heat flux plates

6. Installation

6.1 Placement in Soil

The standard set of sensors for measuring soil heat flux includes two HF01

Soil Heat Flux Plates, one TCAV Averaging Soil Thermocouple, and one

CS616, CS650, or CS655 water content reflectometer. These sensors are

installed as shown in Figure 6-1.

The location of the heat flux plates and thermocouple should be chosen to be

representative of the area under study. If the ground cover is extremely varied,

an additional set of sensors is required to provide a valid soil heat flux average.

Model HFP01 Soil Heat Flux Plate

Use a small shovel to make a vertical slice in the soil. Excavate the soil to one

side of the slice. Keep this soil intact so that is can be replaced with minimal

disruption.

The sensors are installed in the undisturbed face of the hole. Measure the

sensor depths from the top of the hole. With a small knife, make a horizontal

cut 8 cm below the surface into the undisturbed face of the hole. Insert the

heat flux plate into the horizontal cut.

Install the HFP01 in the soil such that the side with the red label

is facing the sky and the side with a blue label facing the soil.

NOTE

In order for the HFP01 to make quality soil heat flux

measurements, the plate must be in full contact with the

soil.

CAUTION

Never run the sensors leads directly to the surface. Rather, bury the sensor

leads a short distance back from the hole to minimize thermal conduction on

the lead wire. Replace the excavated soil back into it original position after all

the sensors are installed.

To protect sensor cables from damage caused by rodents, it is

recommended to bury them inside of flexible electrical tubing.

NOTE

Signal (White)

Signal Reference (Green)

Shield (Clear)

FIGURE 6-2. HFP01 plate to datalogger connections

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