Campbell IRGASON Manuale utente

Revision: 08/2021

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Product Manual

Table of contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Precautions 1

3. Initial inspection 2

4. Overview 2

5. Specifications 3

5.1 Measurements 3

5.2 Output signals 6

5.3 Physical description 8

5.4 Power requirements during power up and operation 11

6. Installation 11

6.1 Orientation 11

6.2 Mounting 12

6.3 Wiring and connections 15

7. Settings 19

7.1 Factory defaults 20

7.2 Bandwidth 20

7.3 SDM address 21

7.4 Unprompted output 21

7.5 Unprompted output rate 21

7.6 RS-485 baud rate 21

7.7 Analog output 21

7.8 ECMon update rate 21

7.9 Temperature sensor 22

7.10 Fixed temperature value 22

7.11 Pressure sensor 22

7.11.1 Pressure gain 22

7.11.2 Pressure offset 22

7.11.3 Fixed pressure value 23

7.12 Pressure differential enable 23

7.13 Heater control 23

Table of Contents - i

7.14 ECMon 24

7.15 Device Configuration Utility 26

8. EC100 outputs 27

8.1 SDM output 27

8.2 USB or RS-485 output 28

8.3 Analog outputs 30

9. Maintenance 31

9.1 Routine maintenance 31

9.2 Wick maintenance 32

9.2.1 Sonic wicks 32

9.2.2 Gas analyzer wicks 33

9.3 Gas analyzer window cleaning 34

9.4 Zero and span 34

9.5 Replacing desiccant and scrubber bottles 40

9.6 Factory recalibration 41

10. Data collection and data processing 42

10.1 Data collection and processing with EasyFluxDL 43

10.2 Data logger programming with CRBasic 45

10.2.1 EC100() instruction 46

10.3 EC100Configure() instruction 49

10.3.1 ConfigCmd 11 zero-and-span control 51

10.3.2 ConfigCmd 18 heater voltage 52

10.4 Example CRBasic program 53

11. Theory of operation 54

11.1 IRGASON sonic anemometer 54

11.1.1 Wind speed 54

11.1.2 Temperature 55

11.2 IRGASON gas analyzer 56

12. References 57

Appendix A. Filter bandwidth and time delay 58

Appendix B. Sonic anemometer orientation 61

B.1 Determining true north and sensor orientation 61

B.2 Online magnetic declination calculator 62

Table of Contents - ii

Appendix C. Equations 64

Appendix D. Safety data sheets (SDS) 67

D.1 Molecular sieve, Type 13X 68

D.2 Magnesium perchlorate 72

D.3 Decarbite 79

Appendix E. IRGASON packing information 83

Table of Contents - iii

1. Introduction

The IRGASON, U.S. Des. Patent No. D680455, is an in situ, open-path, mid-infrared absorption

gas analyzer integrated with a three-dimensional sonic anemometer. The gas analyzer provides

measurements of absolute densities of carbon dioxide and water vapor, while the sonic

anemometer measures orthogonal wind components.

Before using the IRGASON please study:

lPrecautions (p. 1)

lInitial inspection (p. 2)

lInstallation (p. 11)

More details are available in the remaining sections.

2. Precautions

lDANGER:

oThe scrubber bottles of all IRGASON instruments shipped prior to July 2017 contain

the strong oxidizing agents sodium hydroxide (caustic soda, NaOH) and anhydrous

magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO4)2). If you are handling or exchanging the scrubber

bottles (see Replacing desiccant and scrubber bottles (p. 40)), use the following

precautions. IRGASON instrument shipped after July 2017, contain a 13X molecular

sieve instead.

nAvoid direct contact with the chemicals.

nEnsure your work area is well ventilated and free of reactive compounds,

including liquid water.

nStore used chemical bottles in a sealed container until disposal.

nDispose of chemicals and bottles properly.

nSafety Data Sheets (SDS) are provided in Safety data sheets (SDS) (p. 67). SDS

are updated periodically by chemical manufacturers. Obtain current SDS at

www.campbellsci.com .

IRGASON® Integrated CO2/H2O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer 1

lWARNING:

oDo not carry the IRGASON by the arms or the strut between the arms. Always hold it

by the block, where the upper and lower arms connect.

oHandle the IRGASON carefully. The optical source may be damaged by rough

handling, especially while the analyzer is powered.

oOvertightening bolts will damage or deform the mounting hardware.

lCAUTION:

oGrounding the EC100 measurement electronics is critical. Proper grounding to earth

(chassis) will ensure maximum ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection and improve

measurement accuracy.

oDo not connect or disconnect the gas analyzer or sonic connectors while the EC100 is

powered.

oThe SDM, USB, and RS-485 output options include IRGASON diagnostic data. Be

aware that the absence of diagnostic data in the analog output option could make

troubleshooting difficult and may lead to the user not being aware of potential

problems with the instrumentation (see EC100 outputs (p. 27)).

oResting the analyzer on its side during the zero-and-span procedure may result in

measurement inaccuracy.

oWhen cleaning the gas-analyzer window, make sure the alcohol and any residual

water completely evaporate before proceeding with the zero-and-span procedure

(see Gas analyzer window cleaning (p. 34)).

3. Initial inspection

Upon receipt of the IRGASON, inspect the packaging and contents for damage. File damage

claims with the shipping company.

4. Overview

The IRGASON is an in situ, open-path, mid-infrared absorption analyzer integrated with a three-

dimensional sonic anemometer. The gas analyzer provides measurements of absolute densities

of carbon dioxide and water vapor, while the sonic anemometer measures orthogonal wind

components.

IRGASON® Integrated CO2/H2O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer 2

The IRGASON is measured and controlled by the EC100 electronics, which synchronizes gas and

wind data, essential for valid flux calculations using the eddy-covariance method. The EC100

electronics also uses inputs from an included temperature thermistor probe and a barometer.

“IRGASON” and “EC100” are often used interchangeably in this manual.

The IRGASON has been optimized for remote eddy-covariance flux applications, addressing

issues of aerodynamics, power consumption, spatial displacement, and temporal synchronicity.

Specifically, its unique design contains no obstructions surrounding the sample volume; it

operates with only 5W of power at room temperature; it has no spatial displacement between

the sample volumes of the gas analyzer and the sonic anemometer; and the EC100

synchronously samples data from the gas analyzer and sonic anemometer.

5. Specifications

5.1 Measurements

Features

lTo compute carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes using the eddy-covariance method, the

IRGASON measures:

oabsolute carbon dioxide

owater vapor densities

othree-dimensional wind speed

osonic air temperature

oair temperature

obarometric pressure

These measurements are required to compute carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes using the:

lStandard outputs:

oux, uy, and uzorthogonal wind components

osonic temperature (based on the measurement of c, the speed of sound)

osonic diagnostic flags

oCO2density, H2O density

IRGASON® Integrated CO2/H2O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer 3

ogas analyzer diagnostic flags

oair temperature, air pressure

oCO2signal strength, H2O signal strength

oAir temperature and air pressure are auxiliary sensor inputs

Data logger compatibility: CR6

CR1000

CR3000

CR5000

Measurement

Rate: 60 Hz

Output bandwidth1/:5, 10, 12.5, or 20 Hz

Data logger-prompted output rate: 1 to 60 Hz

Output rate1/:10, 25 or 50 Hz

Operating temperature: –30 to 50 °C

Gas analyzer

Measurement precision2/

CO2density: 0.2 mgCO2·m–3 (0.15 µmolCO2·mol–1)

H2O density: 0.00350 gH2O·m–3 (0.006 mmolH2O·mol–1)

Factory calibrated range

CO2:0 to 1000 µmolCO2·mol–1

H2O: 0 mmolH2O·mol–1 to 37 °C dewpoint

Analyzer temp: –30 to 50 °C

Baro pressure: 70 to 106 kPa

CO2performance

Zero max drift3/:±0.55 mgCO2·m–3·°C–1 (±0.3 μmolCO2·mol·°C–1)

Gain Drift: ±0.1% of reading·µmolCO2·mol–1 °C–1 (maximum)

Sensitivity to H2O: ±1.1 x 10–4 µmolCO2·mol–1 mmolH2O (max)

IRGASON® Integrated CO2/H2O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer 4

H2O performance

Zero max drift3/:±0.037 gH2O·m–3·°C–1 (±0.05 mmolH2O·mol–1·°C–1)

Gain Drift: ±0.3% of reading·mmolH2O mol–1 °C–1 (maximum)

Sensitivity to CO2:±0.1 mmolH2O·mol–1 µmolCO2–1 (maximum)

Sonic measurement precision4/

ux:1 mm·s–1

uy:1 mm·s–1

uz:0.5 mm·s–1

Sonic temperature: 0.025 °C

Sonic accuracy5/

Offset error

ux, uy:< ±8 cm·s–1

uz:< 4 cm·s–1

Gain error

Wind vector ±5° horizontal: < ±2% of reading

Wind vector ±10° horizontal: < ±3% of reading

Wind vector ±20° horizontal: < ±6% of reading

Sonic reporting range

Full scale wind: ±65.553 m/s

Sonic temperature: –50 to 60 °C

Auxiliary sensors6/

Barometer

Basic barometer

Accuracy

–30 to 0 °C: ±3.7 kPa at –30 °C, falling linearly to ±1.5 kPa at 0 °C

0 to 50 °C: ±1.5 kPa

Measurement rate: 10 Hz

IRGASON® Integrated CO2/H2O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer 5

Optional enhanced barometer

Manufacturer: Vaisala

Model: PTB110

Accuracy

–30 to 0 °C: ±0.15 kPa

Measurement rate: 1 Hz

IRGASON temperature sensor

Manufacturer: BetaTherm

Model: 100K6A1A Thermistor

Accuracy: ±0.15 °C (–30 to 50 °C)

1/ user selectable

2/ noise rms, assumes:

l25 °C

l85 kPa

l14 g·m–3 H2O

l597 mg·m–3 CO2

l20 Hz bandwidth

3/ – 30 to 50 °C

4/ noise rms

5/ assumes:

l–30 to 50 °C

lwind speed <30 m·s–1

lazimuth angles between ±170°

6/ refer to manufacturer’s product brochure or manual for details

5.2 Output signals

Features

lEC100 electronics outputs data using:

oCS SDM

oRS-4857/

IRGASON® Integrated CO2/H2O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3D Sonic Anemometer 6

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