Cisco MDS 9000 Series Guida rapida

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Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter

Installation and Configuration Note

Text Part Number: OL-9077-01

This document describes the Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter (DS-PAA and DS-PAA2),

and the procedures required to install and configure it. It also describes setting up Cisco Traffic Analyzer

and Cisco Protocol Analyzer solutions. This installation and configuration note includes the following

sections:

•Overview, page 1

•Hardware Description, page 5

•Installing the Port Analyzer Adapter, page 12

•Troubleshooting the Port Analyzer Adapter, page 15

•Setting Up the Cisco Traffic Analyzer, page 15

•Using Cisco Traffic Analyzer with Fabric Manager Web Services, page 16

•Setting Up the Cisco Protocol Analyzer, page 22

•Ethernet Frame Addressing Format, page 25

•Related Documentation, page 26

•Documentation Feedback, page 28

Overview

The PAA enables effective, low-cost analysis of Fibre Channel traffic. The device is a standalone Fibre

Channel-to-Ethernet adapter, designed primarily to analyze Fibre Channel Switched Port Analyzer

(SPAN) traffic from a Fibre Channel port on a Cisco MDS 9000 Family switch. The main function of the

adapter is to encapsulate Fibre Channel frames into Ethernet frames. This encapsulation allows low-cost

analysis of Fibre Channel traffic while leveraging the existing Ethernet infrastructure.

The PAA allows you to examine Fibre Channel frames of various sizes. Fibre Channel frames from

Layers 2, 3, and 4 may be examined without network disruption.

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Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter Installation and Configuration Note

OL-9077-01

Overview

The PAA works in conjunction with the SPAN feature on the Cisco MDS 9000 Family of switches. The

SPAN feature allows storage network administrators to nondisruptively replicate any port’s traffic to any

other port that is programmed as a SPAN destination(SD port). It encapsulates the Fibre Channel frames

from the SD port into Ethernet frames that can be analyzed on a PC. Storage administrators can

troubleshoot the network quickly and cost-effectively, with no network disruption.

You can copy frames using the Cisco Protocol Analyzer or the Cisco Traffic Analyzer. The Cisco

Protocol Analyzer is a modified version of Ethereal, and the Cisco Traffic Analyzer is a modified version

of nTop, a network traffic probe. Both analyzers are modified to support Fibre Channel and SCSI.

Note Additional information about Ethereal is available at http://www.ethereal.com, and additional

information about the Cisco Traffic Analyzer is available at

http://www.cisco.com/kobayashi/sw-center/sw-stornet.shtml.

The PAA sets appropriate bits in the encapsulated trailer to indicate different types of errors (for

example, CRC-errors, empty frame, jumbo frame, or other errors) during a data transfer. Both the Cisco

Protocol Analyzer and the Cisco Traffic Analyzer can decode these packets, but they do so for different

purposes. The Cisco Traffic Analyzer decodes packets for traffic analysis, and the Cisco Protocol

Analyzer decodes packets for protocol analysis.

The adapter has two primary interfaces:

•A Fibre Channel interface that operates at 1-Gbps or 2-Gbps

•A 100/1000-Mbps Ethernet port

Note The 1-Gbps and 2-Gbps Fibre Channel links do not support auto negotiation. You must explicitly

configure the link speed.

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Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter Installation and Configuration Note

OL-9077-01

Overview

Figure 1 shows the PAA connected to a Fibre Channel port acting as an SD port on the Cisco MDS 9000

Family switch. The switch is connected by Ethernet to the PC that is running Cisco Protocol Analyzer.

Figure 1 Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter Network Topology Example

Installation Requirements

Before using the adapter in a network, verify the following:

•The Fibre Channel port on the Cisco MDS 9000 Family switch must be configured as an SD port,

as described in the Cisco MDS 9000 Family CLI Configuration Guide or the Cisco MDS 9000 Family

Fabric Manager Guide. For more information, see the “Cisco MDS 9000 SPAN Usage Instructions”

section on page 4.

•Cisco Traffic Analyzer or Cisco Protocol Analyzer must be installed on the PC attached to the

adapter, as described in the “Setting Up the Cisco Traffic Analyzer” section on page 15 and the

“Setting Up the Cisco Protocol Analyzer” section on page 22.

•The adapter must be used in one of four truncate modes, which can be set using the four Dual Inline

Package (DIP) switches on the rear of the unit. See the “Modes of Operation” section on page 7 for

the correct mode.

•The Fibre Channel interface on the adapter must then be connected to the Fibre Channel SD port on

the Cisco MDS 9000 Family switch.

•The Ethernet interface adapter must be connectedeither to the host that is using Cisco Traffic

Analyzer or Cisco Protocol Analyzer software, or to an Ethernet switch. The host performing the

capture must be attached to the same switch in the same VLAN as the PAA.

100/1000 Mbps

FC to host,

storage, ISL

Cisco MDS 9000

PC with

Cisco

Protocol

Analyzer

Cisco MDS 9000 Family

Port Analyzer Adapter

FC 1/5

SPAN destination port

FC 1/8

port being

monitored

FC Eth

85710

ETH

HDR

ETH

CRC

SOF EOF

pay

load

pay

load

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Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter Installation and Configuration Note

OL-9077-01

Overview

Cisco MDS 9000 SPAN Usage Instructions

On the Cisco MDS 9000 Family switch, traffic through any Fibre Channel interface can be replicated to

an SD port. When a port is configured in SD mode, a copy of traffic (ingress, egress, or both) from a set

of configured ports is sent to the SD port.

Tip Configure the extended inter-switch link (EISL) mode using the switchport encap eisl command if you

need to debug or analyze VSAN-specific information.

Note For information on configuring the SPAN feature, see the Cisco MDS 9000 Family CLI Configuration

Guide.

A valid Fibre Channel port on a Cisco MDS 9000 Family switch must be configured as an SD port. Once

a Fibre Channel port is in SD port mode, it cannot be used for normal data traffic.

In SD port mode, the Fibre Channel port of the switch has the following characteristics:

•Packets are always output from the port (egress). The port never receives any frames.

•The port cannot be flow-controlled.

•No handshaking is performed.

•The receiving device does not need a Fibre Channel address.

The following usage considerations apply to a PAA connected to a Cisco MDS 9000 Family switch:

•The adapter receives data only; the adapter does not transmit data to the switch.

•The LED on the Fibre Channel SD port on the switch cannot be used to diagnose a problem.

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Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter Installation and Configuration Note

OL-9077-01

Hardware Description

See the front view of the Port Analyzer Adapter in Figure 2and the rear view in Figure 3.

Figure 2 Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter—Front View

Figure 3 Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter—Rear View

The four DIP switches, numbered 1 through 4 from left to right, are used to select the truncate mode as

described in the “Modes of Operation” section on page 7.

1Status LED 5Ethernet LED for 100 Mbps

2Fibre Channel Link LED 6Ethernet port

3Fibre Channel port 7Ethernet LED for 1 Gbps

4Fibre Channel Speed LED

CISCO DS-FAA

LINK SPEED

100M- 1G

STATUS ETHERNET

1/2G FC

PORTANALYZERADAPTER

85677

1DIP switches 212-VDC power input

CONFIGURATION 12VDC

85678

1 2 3 4

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Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter Installation and Configuration Note

OL-9077-01

Hardware Description

LED Descriptions

The PAA has five LEDs on its faceplate (see Figure 2).

Table 1 lists the LEDs, their conditions, and what the conditions indicate.

Table 1 LED Descriptions

LED Type Status Description

Status Off Either the power to the adapter is off or there is a power

failure. The adapter cannot power up.

Red Power is up, but there is some other failure.

To attempt to fix the failure, power cycle the adapter by

powering off and waiting for more than four seconds

before powering on. To power cycle, disconnect the

power cord from the wall rather than from the adapter.

Green The adapter is functioning correctly.

Fibre Channel Link Off The Fibre Channel link is down.

Green The Fibre Channel link is up.

Fibre Channel Speed Off The Fibre Channel link is programmed in 1-Gbps mode.

Green The Fibre Channel link is programmed in 2-Gbps mode.

100-Mbps Ethernet Off The Ethernet link is down. The link speed might not be

negotiated.

The LED is off when Ethernet is configured in 1-Gbps

mode.

Green The Ethernet link is up in 100-Mbps mode.

Blinking green Ethernet frames are being transmitted on the Ethernet

link.

1-Gbps Ethernet Off The Ethernet link is down. The link speed might not be

negotiated.

The LED is off when Ethernet is configured in

100-Mbps mode.

Green The Ethernet link is up in 1-Gbps mode.

Blinking green Ethernet frames are being transmitted on the Ethernet

link.

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Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter Installation and Configuration Note

OL-9077-01

Hardware Description

Power Generation

The PAA requires 12-VDC external power. An AC converter is provided and connects to the power input

at the rear of the unit.

Modes of Operation

The PAA has five modes of operation, four truncation modes and one no-truncate mode. These modes

are used to configure the size of the frames that will be copied from the Fibre Channel interface. The two

factors that are used to determine the setting are:

•The difference in speed of the Ethernet from the Fibre Channel interface.

•The amount of payload required for troubleshooting purposes.

This balance can be achieved by using one of the four truncate modes to increase or decrease the frame

rate at the expense of reducing or increasing the payload. By truncating the Fibre Channel payload, the

adapter can transmit more frames per second on the Ethernet interface.

There are four external DIP switches on the rear of the adapter, numbered 1 through 4, from left to right.

These switches configure the PAA to operate at either 1-Gbps or 2-Gbps Fibre Channel speed in one of

the five modes of operation.

The modes of operation are as follows:

•No truncate mode (NTM)

•Ethernet truncate mode (ETM)

•Shallow truncate mode (STM)

•Deep truncate mode (DTM)

•Management mode (MNM)

A speed mismatch between the Fibre Channel and the Ethernet side of the adapter could affect the frame

throughput on the Ethernet side. For example, if the Fibre Channel speed is set at 2 Gbps, and the

Ethernet speed is set at 1 Gbps, and all packets on the Fibre Channel side are 2164 bytes in size, you

must configure the adapter to DTM or STM mode for the Ethernet side to receive all frames. If the

adapter were in ETM (or NTM) mode, it would drop packets on the Ethernet side, and the Ethereal

Network Analyzer might not see all the frames. Table 2 shows how the DIP switches should be

configured for each Fibre Channel port speed and operating mode.

Table 2 DIP Switch Settings and Modes of Operation

Switch 1 Switch 2 Switch 3 Switch 4

Fibre Channel

Mode

Operating

Mode

ON ON ON ON 1 Gbps MNM

OFF OFF ON ON 1 Gbps DTM

OFF ON OFF ON 1 Gbps STM

ON OFF OFF ON 1 Gbps ETM

OFF OFF OFF ON 1 Gbps NTM

OFF OFF ON OFF 2 Gbps DTM

OFF ON OFF OFF 2 Gbps STM

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Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter Installation and Configuration Note

OL-9077-01

Selecting Truncate Mode

Note The speed does not matter (1 or 2 Gbps) if you place a switch in MNM mode.

Caution Configuring a combination of DIP settings, other than those mentioned in Table 2, may have

unpredictable consequences.

Truncate Mode

If you want to use truncate mode, you need the DS-PAA-2. DS-PAA does not support this.

The Cisco Traffic Analyzer’s Fibre Channel throughput values are not accurate when used with the

DS-PAA if data truncate is enabled. The DS-PAA-2 is required to achieve accurate results with truncate

because it adds a count that enables the Cisco Traffic Analyzer to determine how many data bytes were

actually transferred. By truncating a frame, you can push more packets through the PAA (2 Gbps for

Fibre Channel to 1 Gbps or slower for Ethernet) and preserve privacy of the traffic being captured.

Selecting Truncate Mode

Note Truncate mode is available in DS-PAA version 2 and later.

Table 3 shows an example of how to select the truncate mode according to the average size of the Fibre

Channel frame and the Fibre Channel-to-Ethernet speed. For example, with a 2164-byte Fibre Channel

frame size, 1-Gbps Fibre Channel speed, and 100-Mbps Ethernet speed, you would select DTM mode.

ON OFF OFF OFF 2 Gbps ETM

OFF OFF OFF OFF 2 Gbps NTM

Table 2 DIP Switch Settings and Modes of Operation (continued)

Switch 1 Switch 2 Switch 3 Switch 4

Fibre Channel

Mode

Operating

Mode

Table 3 Selecting the Truncate Mode to Achieve No Dropped Frames

Average Size of the FC Frame Fibre Channel to Ethernet Speed

1 Gbps to

1 Gbps

1 Gbps to

100 Mbps

2 Gbps to

1 Gbps

2 Gbps to

100 Mbps

2164 bytes (best case to obtain

maximum data)

NTM, ETM,

STM, or DTM

DTM DTM or STM DTM

1496 bytes NTM, ETM,

STM, or DTM

DTM DTM or STM Frames may be

dropped.

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Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter Installation and Configuration Note

OL-9077-01

Selecting Truncate Mode

The truncate modes can be hot switched (no power off is necessary). However, if you configure a new

speed setting (for example, changing the Fibre Channel port speed from 2 Gbps to 1 Gbps), the adapter

must be power cycled for the new setting to take effect. Power cycling consists of unplugging the adapter

wall plug, waiting for four seconds or more, and then plugging it back in and powering on.

No Truncate Mode (NTM) for Ethernet Encapsulation

In NTM, Fibre Channel frames are encapsulated into Ethernet frames without any modification to the

payload (the full 2164 bytes are transmitted). Ethernet devices must support jumbo frames for this mode

to work; otherwise, the Ethernet MAC may not work properly for the frames larger than the maximum

Ethernet size. Jumbo frames are Ethernet frames greater than 1520 bytes. (See Figure 4.)

Ethernet Truncate Mode (ETM) for Maximum Payload

This mode is appropriate when jumbo frames are not supported by the Ethernet devices. In that case, this

mode provides the maximum amount of Fibre Channel payload within a single Ethernet frame.

512 bytes NTM, ETM,

STM, or DTM

Frames may

be dropped.

DTM or STM Frames may be

dropped.

256 bytes (worst case to obtain

maximum data)

NTM, ETM,

STM, or DTM

Frames may

be dropped.

DTM Frames may be

dropped.

Table 3 Selecting the Truncate Mode to Achieve No Dropped Frames (continued)

Average Size of the FC Frame Fibre Channel to Ethernet Speed

1 Gbps to

1 Gbps

1 Gbps to

100 Mbps

2 Gbps to

1 Gbps

2 Gbps to

100 Mbps

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Cisco MDS 9000 Family Port Analyzer Adapter Installation and Configuration Note

OL-9077-01

Selecting Truncate Mode

Figure 4 Ethernet Frames and the Four Truncate Modes

In ETM, the adapter truncates a Fibre Channel frame to a maximum payload of 1496 bytes on the

Ethernet side. Fibre Channel frames larger than 1496 bytes will be truncated. The Fibre Channel payload

transmitted is 1472 bytes. (See Figure 4.)

Shallow Truncate Mode (STM)

STM provides less payload than ETM but more frames per second. In STM, the adapter truncates the

Fibre Channel frame to 256 bytes. (See Figure 4.) Use this mode when you want more frames per second.

Deep Truncate Mode (DTM) for Most Frames per Second

As a default, the adapter comes configured in DTM mode and 1-Gbps Fibre Channel speed. This mode

should be used when you want the most frames per second. DTM provides less payload than STM but

more frames per second.

In DTM, the adapter truncates the Fibre Channel frame to 64 bytes. The total packet length including the

Ethernet header and trailer is 88 bytes. (See Figure 4.)

Management Mode (MNM) for Troubleshooting

MNM mode should be used only when troubleshooting the PAA. In this mode, the adapter will not accept

any Fibre Channel frames.

NTM

ETM

STM

DTM

SOF-T/

2 bytes

VSAN

SOF-T/

2 bytes

VSAN

SOF-T/

2 bytes

VSAN

SOF-T/

2 bytes

VSAN

Ethernet Header

(EDA + ESA + Type)

14 bytes of

Ethernet Header

(EDA + ESA + Type)

14 bytes of

Ethernet Header

(EDA + ESA + Type)

14 bytes of

Ethernet Header

(EDA + ESA + Type)

14 bytes of

FC Frame

0 - 2164 bytes

FC Frame

0-1496 bytes

FC Frame

0-256 bytes

FC Frame

0-64 bytes

EOF-T

4 bytes

EOF-T

4 bytes

EOF-T

4 bytes

CRC EOF-T

4 bytes

Enet

4 bytes

CRC

Enet

4 bytes

CRC

Enet

4 bytes

CRC

Enet

4 bytes

CRC

FC frame

Ethernet frame

Ethernet payload

85765

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