Johnson Controls VMA 1410 Guida all'installazione

Technical Bulletin

Issue Date February 28, 2006

Variable Air Volume Modular Assembly (VMA) 1400

Series Overview and Engineering Guidelines

VMA1400 Series Overview and Engineering Guidelines ...................2

Introduction......................................................................................................... 2

Key Concepts...................................................................................................... 3

VMA1400 Series Models...................................................................................................3

VAV System......................................................................................................................6

Definition of Terms............................................................................................................9

Room Sensor Placement ................................................................................................10

Pressure Independence..................................................................................................10

VMA Airflow Rate............................................................................................................10

Power Source..................................................................................................................11

N2 Bus Rules..................................................................................................................12

Inputs and Outputs..........................................................................................................13

Zone Bus.........................................................................................................................14

CablePRO.......................................................................................................................15

CVTPRO.........................................................................................................................15

Related Documentation...................................................................................................16

Application Examples......................................................................................................17

Reference Information.....................................................................................................26

Specifications..................................................................................................................27

Detailed Procedures......................................................................................... 32

Determining VAV Box Requirements..............................................................................32

Establishing the Room Schedule....................................................................................32

Developing the Bill of Material and Placing Orders.........................................................33

Configuring the VMA.......................................................................................................35

Code No. LIT-6363120

VMA1400 Series Overview and Engineering Guidelines Technical Bulletin2

VMA1400 Series Overview and

Engineering Guidelines

IntroductionThe Variable Air Volume Modular Assembly (VMA) 1400 Series is a

configurable, integrated module that includes a Variable Air Volume

(VAV) controller, differential pressure sensor, and, with the exception

of the VMA1430, an actuator.

Note: This document focuses on the VMA1410, 1420, and 1430

controllers. The VMA1400 Series also includes the VMA1440, which

is used exclusively as part of the Metasys® Zoning Package. See the

Metasys Zoning Package Product Bulletin (LIT-639050) and the

Metasys Zoning Package Overview Technical Bulletin (LIT-639100)

for information on this specialized product.

The VMA engineering procedures vary from location to location. The

information provided here is a general engineering guideline. Where

available, use the Advanced Installation Management (AIM) tools for

developing schedules and drawings.

This document provides a VMA1400 Series overview and describes

how to:

determine VAV box requirements

establish the room schedule

develop bills of material and place orders

configure the VMA

VMA1400 Series Overview and Engineering Guidelines Technical Bulletin 3

Key Concepts

VMA1400 Series Models

VMA1410

VMA1420 VMA1430

VMA14xx

Figure 1: VMA1400 Series Models

The VMA is a configurable, integrated module that includes a VAV

controller and differential pressure sensor. The VMA1400 Series

includes three models:

VMA1410 (cooling only, includes actuator)

VMA1420 (cooling with reheat, includes actuator)

VMA1430 (controller and differential pressure sensor only for use

with an external incremental or proportional actuator)

Note: The VMA1400 Series also includes the VMA1440, which is

used exclusively as part of the Metasys Zoning Package. See the

Metasys Zoning Package Product Bulletin (LIT-639050) and the

Metasys Zoning Package Overview Technical Bulletin (LIT-639100)

for information on this specialized product.

The models are designed for pressure independent, single duct

(all VMA1400 Series models), and dual duct (VMA1420 and

1430 only) applications. The VMA1420 and 1430 models can be used

with parallel or series fan-powered boxes.

Note: The VMA1420 can be configured for the Metasys Zoning

Package application, but the internal pressure sensor can only be used

for monitoring purposes. Refer to the Metasys Zoning Package

Commissioning Technical Bulletin (LIT-639250).

VMA1400 Series Overview and Engineering Guidelines Technical Bulletin4

Table 1: VMA1400 Series Comparison Checklist

VMA Features 1410 1420 1430 Comments

Applications

Pattern Recognition Adaptive

Control (PRAC) on Zone Proportional

plus Integral plus Derivative (PID)

Temperature Loops

Y Y Y Eliminates manual tuning and

seasonal re-tuning

Adaptive Flow Control Loops Y Y Y Eliminates manual tuning,

improves control and energy

savings

Single Duct, Pressure Independent

VAV Y Y Y Meets most VAV applications

Side Loops without Interlocking N Y Y Single Analog Input (AI) to Analog

Output (AO) or Binary Output

(BO)

Single Duct Supply/Exhaust VAV N Y Y Flow differential control

Fan Powered Boxes N Y Y Series or parallel

Incremental, Proportional

Two Position, and Three Stages of

Box Heat

N Y Y Staged heat or normally

open/normally closed valves

Incremental, Proportional

Two Position, or One Stage

Supplemental Heat

N Y Y Normally open or closed valves

Dual Duct, Pressure Independent

VAV N Y Y Flexible flow setpoint specification

Damper Actuator (Internal)

Accurate Positioning Y Y N/A 23,000 step resolution

Stall Detection Y Y N/A Detects damper travel stops

Automatic Damper End Stop

Detection at Power Up Y Y N Sets damper stroke time

Clockwise (CW)/

Counterclockwise (CCW)

Rotation Selection

Y Y Y Set via HVAC PRO™ software for

either direction to close

EP8000 with Pneumatic Actuator N Y Y

Software Tools

Ability To Download Code Firmware Y Y Y Allows firmware code upgrade

without removing the VMA

Diagnostics

Moving Average Flow/Temperature

Diagnostic Y Y Y Provides standard measure of

control loop performance over

time

Actuator Stall Y Y N/A

Flow Test Y Y Y

Data Graphing Y Y Y Only for single duct applications

Starved Box Detection Y Y Y Allows air handler reset and flow

diagnostics

Actuator Duty Cycle Diagnostic Y Y Y Indicates shaft slippage

Continued on next page . . .

VMA1400 Series Overview and Engineering Guidelines Technical Bulletin 5

VMA Features (Cont.) 1410 1420 1430 Comments

Commissioning

Balancing Tool with Automatic

Pickup Gain Calculation Y Y Y HVAC PRO software (single duct

only) or VMA Balancing Tool

(VBT) software on Zone Bus

Hardware

24 Volts Alternating Current (VAC)

Isolation Built-in Y Y Y Eliminates 24 to 24 VAC

transformer and polarity concerns

Multiple VMAs per 100 VA

Transformer Y Y Y Ten cooling only (VMA1410) or

14 VMA1430s. Reheat/fan unit

depends on valve/fan relays

Isolated N2, Binary Outputs, and

24 VAC Y Y Y Saves installed cost and improves

electrical noise rejection

Ability to Drive Low Current Relays

Down to 25 milliampere (mA) N Y Y Eliminates relay chatter

15 Bit Analog Input/12 Bit Analog

Output Resolution AI

only Y Y Provides improved control device

resolution

Analog Input Jumpers Eliminated Y Y Y Reduces labor because all analog

inputs are preset

Differential Pressure Transducer

Dead Ended Transducer Y Y Y Requires no filters or maintenance

Stainless Steel Capacitive

Technology Y Y Y Provides improved stability

Industry Accepted Flow

Measurement Accuracy Y Y Y Provides stability below 1 m/s

(200 fpm)

Temperature Sensors

Variety of Sensors Y Y Y Nickel, 1 K platinum, silicon,

2.25K NTC

Temporary Occupied Button Y Y Y On TE-6700, TE-7000 (Europe

only), and TMZ1600 Series room

sensors

Temporary Occupied Light-Emitting

Diode (LED) Y Y Y On TE-6700, TE-7000 (Europe

only), or TMZ1600 for timed

override (Temporary Occupied)

LED Indicator for N2/Power Y Y Y Verifies N2 and power

connections

Physical

Small, One Piece Assembly:

VMA1410, VMA1420

152.4 x 101.6 x 101.6 mm

(6 x 4 x 4 in.)

VMA1430

152.4 x 101.6 x 82.6 mm

(6 x 4 x 3.25 in.)

Y Y Y Reduces installation cost

Plenum Plastic Housing Rating Y Y Y Underwriters Laboratories®, Inc.

(UL) 94-5VB plenum flammability

eliminates metal box

Removable I/O Screw Terminals Y Y Y Two or three position accessories

VMA1400 Series Overview and Engineering Guidelines Technical Bulletin6

VAV System

Theory of Operation

A VAV air handling system typically consists of a single air handling

unit and multiple terminal units. Terminal units typically consist of a

damper and flow sensing probe installed in an enclosure. VAV

terminal units are also called VAV boxes. VAV systems are

predominantly single duct, but about 15% are dual duct designs.

In either case, the supply air temperature and static pressure of the

air handling unit are controlled by an AHU (Air Handling Unit)

controller, while each zone has its own VMA controller.

The air handling unit typically maintains a static pressure in the range

of 125 to 375 Pa (0.5 to 1.5 inches water column (w.c.) inside the

longest run of duct away from the supply fan. This ensures that each

VAV terminal unit has enough pressure at its inlet to deliver the

maximum required flow of air into the space. The supply temperature

is typically in the range of 7 to 16°C (45 to 60°F) for a single duct

VAV system or the cold deck of a dual duct VAV system. The hot

deck temperature of a dual duct VAV system is typically in the range

of 29 to 49°C (85 to 120°F).

VAV systems are most easily understood by first considering a

cooling-only application. As the zone temperature increases, the VAV

controller opens the VAV box damper to allow more cool air to reach

the space. The volume of air required to maintain a particular zone

temperature setpoint is dictated by the size of the space and the

internal and external heat loads. In addition, since the size of the VAV

box dictates its maximum cooling capacity, a VAV box’s performance

is dependent upon the mechanical engineer’s correct box sizing for

each zone.

Sometimes the size, and thus the capacity, of the VAV box may not

match the zone loads. If the installed unit is too small, insufficient

cooling results and noise may be emitted at high flow. If the installed

unit is too large, proper control may be difficult to attain, since a small

change in damper position causes a large change in airflow. Boxes can

be oversized to allow for quieter operation or reserve cooling capacity

at the expense of controllability.

VMA1400 Series Overview and Engineering Guidelines Technical Bulletin 7

The VMA quickly adjusts the damper position to new conditions, and

minimizes position hunting and motor runtime. The fast response

stepper actuator on the VMA1410 and 1420 drives the damper from

full open to full closed in 30 seconds. This significantly reduces the

time to commission a VAV box. Response time of the VMA1430 with

an external synchronous actuator is dependent upon the speed of the

actuator used. The VMA incorporates flow feedback to accurately

position the damper. Control performance metrics are recorded and are

available via the Metasys Operator Workstation (OWS) for timely

indication of system problems.

The VMA is configured for most VAV applications. Configuration

Tools (HVAC PRO software), Version 7.00 or later builds the

applications for VMA1410/1420. Version 7.02 or later includes the

VMA1430 as well as the VMA1410/1420.

VMA1400 Series Overview and Engineering Guidelines Technical Bulletin8

Network

Control Unit

(NCU)

Operator Workstation

Network

Control

Module

(NCM)

Ethernet LAN

DX9100

TC9102

VMA1400

AHU

DX9100

VAV

Room

Sensor

Laptop

Room

Sensor

UNT

Unitary

Controller

(UNT)

MA1400

Zone

Bus

CablePRO

Converter

UNT

VMAMTSY6

N30

Zone

Bus

Palm Compatible

Handheld Device

™

CVTPRO

Converter

Figure 2: VMA in Metasys Network Diagram

VMA1400 Series Overview and Engineering Guidelines Technical Bulletin 9

Definition of Terms

Autocalibration

To correct for pressure sensor drifts over time, the VMA has an

Autocalibration mode that automatically compensates for temperature

and humidity effects.

N2 Switches

Single-pole, single-throw switches used to set the N2 address of a

controller.

Room Schedule

A set of information listing all parameters required in a room or zone.

Test and Balance (TAB)

Test and Balance (TAB) is a function performed to ensure the installed

system operates to design specifications. Balancing of the VMA zone

indicates whether the VAV terminal box is able to achieve

minimum/maximum airflow settings. TAB must also be performed for

the air handler and the air duct distribution to the VAV box.

Zones

When designing VMA systems, it is critical to establish zones

correctly to take full advantage of VMA’s exceptional accuracy and

rapid response capabilities.

The designer strives for the most uniform indoor environmental

conditions possible. A single thermostatic device (room sensor)

controls each area. Also, you may consider a zone any area where the

load is approximately the same for every square foot of floor space.

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system zones fall

into two major categories: exterior zones and interior zones. Exterior

zones are spaces directly affected by outdoor weather conditions.

Interior zones are not influenced by heat losses or outdoor air

conditions. Interior zones usually have cooling or ventilation

requirements only.

Further division of interior/exterior zones is occasionally required to

accommodate different occupancy schedules and/or solar loads.

Variations in internal loading also dictate the selection of separate

zones. For example, in a restaurant, the kitchen has much different

heating and cooling requirements than the customer seating area.

VMA1400 Series Overview and Engineering Guidelines Technical Bulletin10

Room Sensor Placement

When considering room sensor placement for each zone:

• Verify that the room sensor is the correct one for the

application.

• Review architectural requirements such as furniture height and

location, aesthetics, and type of mounting. Wall plates are

required if mounting on a conduit handibox.

• Review room sensor location. The best room sensor location is

on an interior wall, about 1.5 m (5 feet) above the floor, out of

direct sunlight, out of the direct path of supply air from the

diffuser, away from heat sources, such as equipment, machines,

and perimeter radiation, and away from doors and other draft

sources. Local codes or disabilities act requirements

occasionally influence the actual mounting height.

• Do not locate a sensor near zone boundaries, where primary

influence is from an adjacent zone.

Pressure Independence

The pressure independent VMA employs patented self-tuning,

cascaded proportional/integral control loops. The zone temperature

loop samples space temperature and resets the airflow setpoint

between the minimum and maximum flow settings. Since inlet duct

static pressure influences the amount of air passing through the VAV

box, the VMA airflow loop samples airflow via a flow pickup in the

box inlet. It modulates the damper to control the flow. Thus, the

VAV box flow is independent of duct static pressure.

The engineering basis for this method of control is that the temperature

of a space with a constant load is linearly proportional to the flow of

conditioned air into the space. The engineer must accurately determine

the required maximum and minimum flow for each space based on

heating, cooling, and ventilation loads.

VMA Airflow Rate

The VMA determines airflow rate by dynamic pressure measurement.

The VMA contains a Differential Pressure Transducer (DPT) to sense

velocity pressure in pressure independent VAV applications.

The DPT is connected to the VAV box airflow pickups. It measures

velocity pressure and generates a proportional voltage signal. The

VMA reads voltage signal from the DPT and converts it to airflow in

cubic feet per minute (cfm), liters/second, or cubic meters/hour.

Calibration is not required, with the exception of zero calibration,

which the controller performs automatically as set in the configuration.

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