MACROMEDIA COLFUSION MX 7-CFML Manuale di servizio

COLDFUSION®MX 7

CFML Reference

Trademarks

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ColdFusion, Contribute, Database Explorer, Director, Dreamweaver, Fireworks, Flash, FlashCast, FlashHelp, Flash Lite,

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in other jurisdictions including internationally. Other product names, logos, designs, titles, words, or phrases mentioned within

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certain jurisdictions including internationally.

This product includes code licensed from RSA Data Security.

Third-Party Information

This guide contains links to third-party websites that are not under the control of Macromedia, and Macromedia is not

responsible for the content on any linked site. If you access a third-party website mentioned in this guide, then you do so at your

own risk. Macromedia provides these links only as a convenience, and the inclusion of the link does not imply that Macromedia

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photocopied, reproduced, translated, or converted to any electronic or machine-readable form in whole or in part without

written approval from Macromedia, Inc. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the owner or authorized user of a valid copy of

the software with which this manual was provided may print out one copy of this manual from an electronic version of this

manual for the sole purpose of such owner or authorized user learning to use such software, provided that no part of this

manual may be printed out, reproduced, distributed, resold, or transmitted for any other purposes, including, without

limitation, commercial purposes, such as selling copies of this documentation or providing paid-for support services.

Part Number ZCF70M600

Acknowledgments

Project Management: Randy Nielsen

Writing: Hal Lichtin, Randy Nielsen

Editing: Linda Adler, Noreen Maher

Production Management: Patrice O’Neill,

Media Design and Production: John Francis, Adam Barnett

First Edition: January 2005

Macromedia, Inc.

600 Townsend St.

San Francisco, CA 94103

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

CHAPTER 1: Reserved Words and Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Reserved words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Scope-specific built-in variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Custom tag variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

ColdFusion tag-specific variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Standard CGI variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

CGI environment variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

CHAPTER 2: ColdFusion Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Tags by function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Tag changes since ColdFusion 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

CHAPTER 3: ColdFusion Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Functions by category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

Function changes since ColdFusion 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

CHAPTER 4: ColdFusion MX Flash Form Style Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933

Styles valid for all controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934

Styles for cfform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936

Styles for cfformgroup with horizontal or vertical type atributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936

Styles for box-style cfformgroup elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937

Styles for cfformgroup with accordion type attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938

Styles for cfformgroup with tabnavigator type attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939

Styles for cfformitem with hrule or vrule type attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939

Styles for cfinput with radioButton, checkbox, button, image,

or submit type attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940

Styles for cftextarea tag and cfinput with text, password,

or hidden type attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941

Styles for cfselect with size attribute value of 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941

Styles for cfselect with size attribute value greater than 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942

Styles for cfcalendar tag and cfinput with dateField type attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . 942

Styles for the cfgrid tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943

Styles for the cftree tag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943

4 Contents

CHAPTER 5: Application.CFC Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945

Application variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945

Method summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946

CHAPTER 6: ColdFusion MX Event Gateway Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963

Gateway development interfaces and classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963

CFML CFEvent structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004

IM gateway methods and commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004

SMS Gateway CFEvent structure and commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1042

CHAPTER 7: ColdFusion C++ CFX Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055

C++ class overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055

Deprecated class methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056

CCFXException class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056

CCFXQuery class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058

CCFXRequest class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1062

CCFXStringSet class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072

CHAPTER 8: ColdFusion Java CFX Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075

Class libraries overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075

Custom tag interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076

Query interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077

Request interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1082

Response interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087

Debugging classes reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1090

CHAPTER 9: WDDX JavaScript Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1091

JavaScript object overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1091

WddxSerializer object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1092

WddxRecordset object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095

CHAPTER 10: ColdFusion ActionScript Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101

INTRODUCTION

CFML Reference is your primary ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML) reference. Use this

manual to learn about CFML tags and functions, ColdFusion expressions, and using JavaScript

objects for WDDX in Macromedia ColdFusion MX 7. It also provides detailed references for Java

and C++ CFX interfaces.

About Macromedia ColdFusion MX documentation

The ColdFusion MX documentation is designed to provide support for the complete spectrum of

participants.

Documentation set

The ColdFusion documentation set includes the following titles:

Manual Description

Installing and Using

ColdFusion MX

Describes system installation and basic configuration for Windows, Solaris,

Linux, and HP-UX.

Configuring and

Administering

ColdFusion MX

Part I describes how to manage the ColdFusion environment, including

connecting to your data sources and configuring security for your

applications. Part II describes Verity search tools and utilities that you can

use for configuring the Verity K2 Server search engine, as well as creating,

managing, and troubleshooting Verity collections.

ColdFusion MX

Developer’s Guide

Describes how to develop your dynamic web applications, including

retrieving and updating your data, and using structures and forms.

Getting Started

Building

ColdFusion MX

Applications

Contains an overview of ColdFusion features and application development

procedures. Includes a tutorial that guides you through the process of

developing an example ColdFusion application.

CFML Reference Provides descriptions, syntax, usage, and code examples for all ColdFusion

tags, functions, and variables.

CFML Quick Reference A brief guide that shows the syntax of ColdFusion tags, functions, and

variables.

6 Introduction:

Viewing online documentation

All ColdFusion MX documentation is available online in HTML and Adobe Acrobat Portable

Document Format (PDF) files. Go to the documentation home page for ColdFusion MX on the

Macromedia website: www.macromedia.com.

CHAPTER 1

Reserved Words and Variables

This chapter provides information on Macromedia ColdFusion reserved words, and lists scope

variables.

Contents

Reserved words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Scope-specific built-in variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

ColdFusion tag-specific variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

CGI environment variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Reserved words

The following list indicates words you must not use for ColdFusion variables, user-defined

function names, or custom tag names. While some of these words can be used safely in some

situations, you can prevent errors by avoiding them entirely.

•Any name starting with cf. However, when you call a CFML custom tag directly, you prefix the

custom tag page name with cf_.

•Built-in function names, such as Now or Hash

•Scope names, such as Form or Session

•Operators, such as NE or IS

•The names of any built-in data structures, such as Error or File

•The names of any built-in variables, such as RecordCount or CGI variable names

•CFScript language element names such as for, default, or continue

Remember that ColdFusion is not case-sensitive. For example, all of the following are reserved

words: IS, Is, iS, and is.

8 Chapter 1: Reserved Words and Variables

Reserved words in forms

You must also not create form field names ending in any of the following, except to specify a form

field validation rule using a hidden form field name.

•_integer

•_float

•_range

•_date

•_time

•_eurodate

Reserved words in queries

The following table lists SQL keywords that are reserved in ColdFusion queries of queries. This

list includes all reserved words in the SQL standard, and should be avoided in variables used in all

queries. Do not use these keywords as variable names in any queries.

Note: Many database management systems have additional reserved words that you cannot use as

variable names in queries to their databases. For a detailed list, see your DBMS documentation.

ABSOLUTE ACTION ADD ALL ALLOCATE

ALTER AND ANY ARE AS

ASC ASSERTION AT AUTHORIZATION AVG

BEGIN BETWEEN BIT BIT_LENGTH BOTH

BY CASCADE CASCADED CASE CAST

CATALOG CHAR CHARACTER CHARACTER_

LENGTH

CHAR_LENGTH

CHECK CLOSE COALESCE COLLATE COLLATION

COLUMN COMMIT CONNECT CONNECTION CONSTRAINT

CONSTRAINTS CONTINUE CONVERT CORRESPONDING COUNT

CREATE CROSS CURRENT CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_TIME

CURRENT_

TIMESTAMP

CURRENT_

USER

CURSOR DATE DAY

DEALLOCATE DEC DECIMAL DECLARE DEFAULT

DEFERRABLE DEFERRED DELETE DESC DESCRIBE

DESCRIPTOR DIAGNOSTICS DISCONNECT DISTINCT DOMAIN

DOUBLE DROP ELSE END END-EXEC

ESCAPE EXCEPT EXCEPTION EXEC EXECUTE

EXISTS EXTERNAL EXTRACT FALSE FETCH

FIRST FLOAT FOR FOREIGN FOUND

Scope-specific built-in variables 9

Scope-specific built-in variables

ColdFusion returns variables, such as those returned in a cfdirectory or cfftp operation. A

variable is usually referenced by scoping it according to its type: naming it according to the code

context in which it is available; for example, Session.varname, or Application.varname. For more

information on ColdFusion scopes, see Chapter 3, “Using ColdFusion Variables” in ColdFusion

MX Developer’s Guide

FROM FULL GET GLOBAL GO

GOTO GRANT GROUP HAVING HOUR

IDENTITY IMMEDIATE IN INDICATOR INITIALLY

INNER INPUT INSENSITIVE INSERT INT

INTEGER INTERSECT INTERVAL INTO IS

ISOLATION JOIN KEY LANGUAGE LAST

LEADING LEFT LEVEL LIKE LOCAL

LOWER MATCH MAX MIN MINUTE

MODULE MONTH NAMES NATIONAL NATURAL

NCHAR NEXT NO NOT NULL

NULLIF NUMERIC OCTET_LENGTH OF ON

ONLY OPEN OPTION OR ORDER

OUTER OUTPUT OVERLAPS PAD PARTIAL

POSITION PRECISION PREPARE PRESERVE PRIMARY

PRIOR PRIVILEGES PROCEDURE PUBLIC READ

REAL REFERENCES RELATIVE RESTRICT REVOKE

RIGHT ROLLBACK ROWS SCHEMA SCROLL

SECOND SECTION SELECT SESSION SESSION_USER

SET SIZE SMALLINT SOME SPACE

SQL SQLCODE SQLERROR SQLSTATE SUBSTRING

SUM SYSTEM_USER TABLE TEMPORARY THEN

TIME TIMESTAMP TIMEZONE_

HOUR

TIMEZONE_

MINUTE

TRAILING TRANSACTION TRANSLATE TRANSLATION TRIM

TRUE UNION UNIQUE UNKNOWN UPDATE

UPPER USAGE USER USING VALUE

VALUES VARCHAR VARYING VIEW WHEN

WHENEVER WHERE WITH WORK WRITE

YEAR ZONE

10 Chapter 1: Reserved Words and Variables

You use the cflock tag to limit the scope of CFML constructs that modify shared data structures,

files, and CFXs, to ensure that modifications occur sequentially. For more information, see

cflock on page 270, and Chapter 15, “Using Persistent Data and Locking” in ColdFusion MX

Developer’s Guide.

Variable scope

ColdFusion supports the Variables scope. Unscoped variables created with the cfset tag acquire

the Variables scope by default. For example, the variable created by the statement <CFSET

linguist = Chomsky> can be referenced as #Variables.linguist#

Caller scope

History

ColdFusion MX: The Caller scope is accessible as a structure. (In earlier releases, it was not.)

Client variables

The following client variables are reserved:

Client.CFID

Client.CFToken

Client.HitCount

Client.LastVisit

Client.TimeCreated

Client.URLToken

Server variables

Use the Server prefix to reference server variables, as follows:

Server.ColdFusion.ProductName

Server.ColdFusion.ProductVersion

Server.ColdFusion.ProductLevel

Server.ColdFusion.SerialNumber

Server.ColdFusion.SupportedLocales

Server.ColdFusion.AppServer

Server.ColdFusion.Expiration

Server.ColdFusion.RootDir

Server.OS.Name

Server.OS.AdditionalInformation

Server.OS.Version

Server.OS.BuildNumber

Application and session variables

To enable application and session variables, use the cfapplication tag or Application.cfc.

Reference them as follows:

Application.myvariable

Session.myvariable

To ensure that modifications to shared data occur in the intended sequence, use the cflock tag.

For more information, see cflock on page 270.

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