Nikon NPL-352 Manuale utente

FEMA US&R Response Sys/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

STRUCTURES SPECIALIST SKILLS TRAINING October 2007

TST – Total Station Training

TOTAL STATION USE

FOR THE

STRUCTURAL SPECIALIST

October 13, 2007

Session 1-1 Basics of the NPL-352 and Theodolite Use

Classroom - 45 minutes

Session 1-2 Basic Field Set-up and Theodolite Use

Field - 60 minutes

Session 1-3 Initial Configuration and Basic EDM Use

Classroom - 60 minutes

Session 1-4 Basic Field Use of the EDM

Field - 60 minutes

Session 2-1 Advanced Use of Total Station

Classroom - 30 minutes

Session 2-2 Advanced Use of Total Station

Field - 120 minutes

Session 2-3 Use of Total Station for US&R

Classroom - 30 minutes

Measurement Basics and Theodolite Use Page 1

FEMA US&R Response Sys/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

STRUCTURES SPECIALIST SKILLS TRAINING October 2007

TST – Total Station Training

Session 1-1 Measurement Basics and Theodolite Use

Basic Measurement Tools

Theodolite vs. Total Station

1) Theodolites measure horizontal and vertical angles.

2) Total Stations combine theodolites with the ability to measure distance.

3) Both can be used as simple point observation devices

Angular Measurement

Azimuth

• Horizontal plane

•, 360o is straight ahead

• Angles are measured

clockwise

Azimuth Angle

Zenith Angle

Zenith

• Vertical plane

•is straight up, usually

• Angles are measured

down from vertical

Measurement Basics and Theodolite Use Page 2

FEMA US&R Response Sys/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

STRUCTURES SPECIALIST SKILLS TRAINING October 2007

TST – Total Station Training

Distance Measurement

PT- A

PT- B

HI SD

Instrument

Constant

Prism

Constant

(

Prism



HI = the height of the instrument (vertical distance from station point at Point A

to axis of telescope).

HT = the height of the target (vertical distance from measured point at Point B to

the prism).

MD = the distance measured by the EDM (measured distance from the total

station axis to the prism focus).

SD = the slope distance (computed distance along the inclined line from the

station point to the measured point).

= the angle of the instrument relative to horizontal (90o - Zenith Angle).

HD = the horizontal distance from the station point to the measured point.

VD = the vertical distance from the station point to the measured point.

PC = the prism constant, obtained from the manufacturer of the prism, usually

etched on the prism frame. Prisms have different constants (PC):

•Large prism = 30 mm (Not part of cache)

•Mini prism = 18mm

•Reflector sheet = 0 mm

•Prism-less = 0 mm

Instrument Constant = Property of the instrument set at the factory.

Measurement Basics and Theodolite Use Page 3

FEMA US&R Response Sys/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

STRUCTURES SPECIALIST SKILLS TRAINING October 2007

TST – Total Station Training

Location Measurement In 3 Dimensions

The conventional survey coordinate order is

N E Z and the total station normally outputs

coordinates as N, E, Z:

•N is Northing (0oon the azimuth)

•E is Easting (90oto Northing)

•Z is elevation above N - E plane

Total station can output coordinates as X, Y, Z,

but if the coordinate order is set to N E Z then:

X = N

Y = E

Z = Z

X (N)

Y (E)

This is different from the normal engineering convention.

To maintain the engineering convention, the

coordinate order should be set to E N Z so that:

Y (N)

X = E

Y = N

Z = Z

X (E)

Measurement Basics and Theodolite Use Page 4

FEMA US&R Response Sys/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

STRUCTURES SPECIALIST SKILLS TRAINING October 2007

TST – Total Station Training

Location Measurement In US&R

Y (N)

Z BS

(

,y,

)

(

,y,

)

X (E)

IP (x,y,z)

MP = Monitoring Point IP = Instrument Point CP = Control Point

Current thinking for US&R is to set the X axis parallel to the side of the building

facing the instrument and the Y axis perpendicular to the building. To do this, a

location on the structure is used to set the azimuth angle to 0o(the instrument

refers to the point used to set the azimuth as the back sight, BS). The location

must be chosen such that the 0o azimuth is perpendicular to the side of the

building facing the instrument.

If creating a new coordinate grid, give the new station widely different

coordinates such as: X = 1000.00 Y = 3000.00 Z = 5000.00 Significantly

different coordinates are beneficial in the event that E, N, Z is mixed up with N,

E, Z. This difference helps the StS quickly translate a change in coordinates to

a magnitude and direction of movement.

Once established on a station, set several Control Points (CP):

1. They can be used as alternate instrument stations.

2. This allows options if some sites are blocked by equipment or if you need

to set up the instrument at a new remote location.

3. This allows choices if reestablishing the grid from a new location not

previously located by survey.

Measurement Basics and Theodolite Use Page 5

FEMA US&R Response Sys/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

STRUCTURES SPECIALIST SKILLS TRAINING October 2007

TST – Total Station Training

Theodolite vs. Total Station

1. Theodolites measure horizontal and vertical angles

2. Total Stations combine theodolites with the ability to measure distance.

Infra-red Light Emitting Diode uses a continuous signal and measures the

shift between light emitted by the EDM and the reflected signal to measure

distance. A reflecting target such as a prism or reflector sheet is used.

Pulse Laser Diode transmits a timed-

pulse infrared signal and measures the time

required for the pulse of infrared light to travel

from the instrument to the target and back to

determine distance. A prism is not necessary,

however, this technology has limited distance

capability (about 300 feet).

Tools Contained in the Case

1) Nikon NPL-352

2) Mini Prism, Pole, and Tips

3) Batteries and Charger

4) Power Inverter

5) Shoulder Straps

6) User's Manual

7) Instrument Rain Cover

8) Right Angle Eyepiece:

The right angle eyepiece is used when sighting points at angles greater

than 45° to the horizontal. The existing eyepiece must be unscrewed from the

unit and placed onto the sighting end of the right angle eyepiece.

Measurement Basics and Theodolite Use Page 6

FEMA US&R Response Sys/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

STRUCTURES SPECIALIST SKILLS TRAINING October 2007

TST – Total Station Training

The 2 Faces of the Nikon NPL-352

1) Face 1 of the instrument is the face

with the tangent screws.

Sighting Pointer

Telescope Focus Ring

Eyepiece Focus Ring

Vertical Tangent Screw

Plate Level

Horizontal Tangent Screw

Bulls-eyeLevel

Tangent screws are not endless Face 1

Face 2 of the instrument is with the

optical plummet eyepiece.

Carrying Handle

Battery

OpticalPlummet

PlummetFocus

CrosshairFocus

Leveling Screws

Face2

Measurement Basics and Theodolite Use Page 7

FEMA US&R Response Sys/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

STRUCTURES SPECIALIST SKILLS TRAINING October 2007

TST – Total Station Training

Nikon NPL-352 Key Layout

Mode Menu

Level

Compensators

DisplayMeasure

Escape/Undo Record/Enter

Angle

Added Key Functions

1 - Second Keys

Certain keys have additional functions when pressed and held for one second or more.

Nikon refers to these as 1 - Second Keys. The MSR, DAT, DSP, USR and S-O keys are all

1-Second Keys. We will address the alternate functions of the keys in a later section of this

class.

Soft Keys

The MSR1, MSR2, DSP and ANG keys perform additional functions when certain screens

are displayed. These keys are referred to by Nikon as Soft Keys. For example, in the Job

Manager screen shown above, pressing the MSR1 key would perform the function Creat

displayed in the screen above it, creating a new job. Likewise pressing the MSR2 key would

DEL, deleting the highlighted job displayed on the screen. The other soft keys function

similarly.

Measurement Basics and Theodolite Use Page 8

FEMA US&R Response Sys/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

STRUCTURES SPECIALIST SKILLS TRAINING October 2007

TST – Total Station Training

Packing Up the Nikon NPL-352

1. Adjust the level screws and the tangent screws to the neutral position.

2. Put the telescope in the Face 1 position.

3. Place the instrument in the box with the battery-side up.

If damp, leave the box open overnight to prevent condensation.

The instrument is not watertight with the battery removed, therefore store it with the

battery installed.

Keep the spare battery charged in the box.

It is suggested that the batteries for the NPL-352 be marked with the serial number of

the machine they are packed with to assure that batteries stay with their respective

machines. Likewise the purchase date should be marked to give an age of the

batteries for future replacement scheduling. Marking one of the batteries that comes

with the NPL-352 as the "A" battery and the other as the "B" battery makes it easier to

track that the batteries are being cycled through the charger on a regular basis.

It is a good idea to have a spare lens cap in the box in case the one that comes with

the machine gets lost. Any 52mm standard camera lens cap will work.

The container that the right angle eye piece comes in is a flimsy paperboard box. It is

suggested that a better container be acquired to store the eye piece in. The right angle

eye piece is usually not needed, but when it is, it is essential and deserves better

storage than a plastic bag in an unmarked paperboard box.

Remember the primary sources of error are:

1. The instrument or the prism was not correctly set over the station.

2. Sighting on the reference point was off.

3. Sighting on the measuring point was off.

Measurement Basics and Theodolite Use Page 9

FEMA US&R Response Sys/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

STRUCTURES SPECIALIST SKILLS TRAINING October 2007

TST – Total Station Training

Use of Total Station as Theodolite

Theodolites are still valuable for monitoring structures. Total stations can be

used as simple theodolites. This section shows how to start up the NPL-352

and use it as a theodolite.

After leveling the instrument with the bull's-eye level, turn on the instrument.

The first screen that comes up requires that

the 0ozenith angle (vertical reference) be set.

This is done by simply tilting the telescope up

and down slightly. Current temperature and

pressure can be set at this time also.

Tilting the telescope will bring up the basic

measurement screens unless the instrument is

not leveled within the tolerance range of the

level compensators.

For classroom use we will turn off the

compensators using the left or right scroll keys.

After turning off the compensators you use the

ESC key to return to the Basic Measurement

Screens (BMS)

Measurement Basics and Theodolite Use Page 10

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