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INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

MODEL

420

TIMING

SINGLE

CHANNEL

ANALYZER

Serial

No.

Purchaser.

Date

Issued

OAK

RIDGE

TECHNICAL

ENTERPRISES

CORPORATION

p.

O.

BOX

C

OAK

RIDGE,

TENNESSEE

Telephone

(615)

483-8451

TWX

810-572-1078

)

Osk

Ridge

Technical

Enterprises

Corporation

1966

Printed

In

U.S.A.

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

Page

WARRANTY

PHOTOGRAPH

FORWARD:

Introduction

To

Fast

Timing

With

Linear

Signals

1

.

DESCRIPTION

1-1

2.

SPECIFICATIONS

2-1

3.

INSTALLATION

INSTRUCTIONS

3-1

3.1

General

3-1

3.2

Connection

To

Power

-

Nuclear

Standard

Bin,

ORTEC

Model

3-1

401/402

3.3

Connection

To

A

Linear

Amplifier

3-1

3.4

Linear

Output

Signal

Connections

And

Terminating

Impedance

3-2

Considerations

4.

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

4-1

4.1

Front

Panel

Control

Functions

4-1

4.2

Initial

Testing

And

Observation

Of

Waveforms

4-2

4.3

Connector

Data

4-3

4.4

Typical

Operating

Conditions

4-3

5.

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

5-1

6.

MAINTENANCE

INSTRUCTIONS

6-1

6.1

Testing

Performance

6-1

6.2

Calibration

Adjustment

6-3

6.3

Troubleshooting

Suggestions

6-3

6.4

Tabulated

Test

Point

Voltages

on

Etched

Boards

6-3

STANDARD

WARRANTY

FOR

ORTEC

ELECTRONIC

INSTRUMENTS

DAMAGE

IN

TRANSIT

Shipments

should

be

examined

immediately

upon

receipt

for

evidence

of

external

or

con

cealed

damage.

The

carrier

making

delivery

should

be

notified

immediately

of

any

such

damage,

since

the

carrier

is

normally

liable

for

damage

in

shipment.

Packing

materials,

waybills,

and

other

such

documentation

should

be

preserved

in

order

to

establish

claims.

After

such

notification

to

the

carrier,

notify

ORTEC

of

the

circumstances

so

that

we

may

assist

in

damage

claims

and

in

providing

replacement

equipment

when

necessary.

WARRANTY

ORTEC

warrants

its

electronic

products

to

be

free

from

defects

in

workmanship

and

materials,

other

than

vacuum

tubes

and

semiconductors,

for

a

period

of

twelve

months

from

date

of

ship

ment,

provided

that

the

equipment

has

been

used

in

a

proper

manner

and

not

subjected

to

abuse.

Repairs

or

replacement,

at

ORTEC

option,

will

be

made

without

charge

at

the

ORTEC

factory.

Shipping

expense

will

be

to

the

account

of

the

customer

except

in

cases

of

defects

discovered

upon

initial

operation.

Warranties

of

vacuum

tubes

and

semiconductors,

as

made

by

their

manufacturers,

will

be

extended

to

our

customers

only

to

the

extent

of

the

manufacturers'

liability

to

ORTEC.

Specially

selected

vacuum

tubes

or

semiconductors

cannot

be

warranted.

ORTEC

reserves

the

right

to

modify

the

design

of

its

products

without

incurring

responsibility

for

modification

of

previously

manufactured

units.

Since

instal

lation

conditions

are

beyond

our

control,

ORTEC

does

not

assume

any

risks

or

liabilities

associated

with

the

methods

of

installation,

or

installation

results.

QUALITY

CONTROL

Before

being

approved

for

shipment,

each

ORTEC

instrument

must

pass

a

stringent

set

of

quality

control

tests

designed

to

expose

any

flaws

in

materials

or

workmanship.

Permanent

records

of

these

tests

are

maintained

for

use

in

warranty

repair

and

as

a

source

of

statistical

information

for

design

improvements.

REPAIR

SERVICE

ORTEC

instruments

not

in

warranty

may

be

returned

to

the

factory

for

repairs

or

checkout

at

modest

expense

to

the

customer.

Standard

procedure

requires

that

returned

instruments

pass

the

same

quality

control

tests

as

those

used

for

new

production

instruments.

Please

contact

the

factory

for

instructions

before

shipping

equipment.

I

'4^

ortec*

MODEL

420

TIMING

SINGLE

CHANNEL

ANALYZER

"E"

DISC

0-1

DELAY

DIFF.

WALK

BIPOLAR

4:

-0,

INT.

Adj.

UNIPOLAR

■■

NEG.

INPUT

IT

n

POS.

OUTPUT

Model

420

Timing

Single

Channel

Analyzer

MODEL

420

TIMING

SINGLE

CHANNEL

ANALYZER

Foreword

Introduction

to

Fast

Timing

With

Linear

Signals

Precise

determination

of

the

time

of

occurrence

of

nuclear

events

is

often

compli

cated.

Detection

of

these

events

usually

results

in

a

voltage

pulse

whose

amplitude

is

a

function

of

the

energy

loss

in

the

detector,

and

whose

rise

time

is

a

function

of

the

conversion

process

from

detector

energy

to

charge.

When

time

determination

is

derived

from

the

leading

edge

of

such

a

pulse

(by

means

of

a

discriminator,

e.g., a

Schmitt

trigger),

there

is

a

time

shift

of

the

discriminator

output

that

depends

on

the

pulse

rise

time

and

the

range

of

pulse

amplitudes

involved.

(See

Figure

1(a).)

The

rise

time

of

these

pulses

is

usual

ly

limited

by

the

linear

amplifier

which

is

necessary

for

pulse

height

analysis;

such

amplifiers

are

the

Models

410,

and

the

older

versions

OS

the

Model

203,

A-8

and

DD2,

etc.

For

those

amplifiers

which

have

variable

RC

shaping,

e.g.,

the

Model

410,

the

rise

time

and

fall

time

will

vary

directly

with

the

integration

and

differentiation

time

constants

chosen;

therefore,

the

zero

crossing

time

will

vary

in

real

time.

The

time

of

zero

crossing

in

real

time

is

approximately

2

time

constants

after

the

detector

event

when

the

double

RC

differentiation

is

used.

Figure

1(b)

shows

a

series

of

idealized

output

pulses

from

a

double

delay

line

clipped

amplifier,

superimposed

upon

each

other.

All

of

the

pulses

pass

through

the

baseline

at

the

same

time;

this

is

true

because

in

the

amplifier

clipping

process,

the

voltage

which

is

forming

the

pulse

shape

goes

from

a

positive

value

(+E)

to

on

equal

negative

value

(—E)

in

the

same

time

that

wasrequired

forthe

voltage

to

go

from

0

to

+E,

i.e.,

one

rise

time.

The

pulses,

therefore,

pass

through

the

baseline

(zero

volts)at

a

time

Tr

r

-01

DISC.

TRIGGER

LEVEL

Tr/i

—

DISC.

TRIGGER

LEVEL

DISC.

\i,

OUTPUTS

h

J

TIME

SHIFT

WITH

LEADING

EDGE

TRIGGER

(6)

TIME

SHIFT

WITH

CROSSOVER

PICKOFF

Figure

1.

Timing

From

Linear

Amplifier

Output

Pulses

t

1-1

corresponding

to

1/2,

but

displaced

along

the

time

axis

by

the

one

clipping

time,'".

Thus,

it

is

evident

that

the

time

1/2

corresponds

to

the

point

at

which

the

pulses

attain

half-height.

Since

in

linear

amplifiers

the

rise

time

is

constant

and

therefore

inde

pendent

of

pulse

height,

the

time

at

which

the

pulses

reach

half-height

is

also

con

stant

and

independent

of

pulse

height.

The

discriminator

in

the

Model

420

is

designed

to

trigger

on

the

leading

edge

of

the

pulse,

at

a

selected

voltage,

and

is

forced

to

reset

when

the

pulse

passes

through

zero

volts.

The

discriminator

output

pulse

is

then

differ

entiated,

and

the

reset

edge

is

used

to

furnish

an

output

pulse

that

is

relatively

jitter-free

for

timing.

Time

resolution

in

the

order

of

5

to

10

nanoseconds

independent

of

discrimi

nator

level

is

typical

for

this

circuit.

1.

DESCRIPTION

The

Model

420

Timing

Single

Channel

Analyzer,

as

indicated

by

its

title,

performs

two

functions.

First,

it

is

a

single

channel

analyzer,

with,both

the

lower

level

and

the

window

width

variable

over

the

pulse

height

range.

For

input

signals

which

are

doubly

differ

entiated,

it

furnishes

an

output

which

occurs

at

the

time

these

signals

go

through

zero.

This

time,

as

explained

in

the

preceding

introduction,

is

a

precisely

known

time

and

there

fore

the

output

time

from

the

Model

420

is

a

precise

time.

The

unit

will

accept

single

or

double

delay

line

differentiated

signals

or

single

or

double

RC

differentiated

signals

with

pulse

widths

from

200

nanoseconds

to

20

microseconds.

When

the

unit

is

fed

a

unipolar

pulse,

the

crossover

time

is

not

fixed

in

time

and

therefore

the

input

selector

switch

should

be

set

to

the

unipolar

position.

This

will

cause

the

discriminator

to

reset

at

the

same

pulse

height

at

which

it

was

triggered,

and

therefore

the

time

of

output

pulse

will

depend

upon

the

fall

time

of

the

signal

input.

The

unit

is

provided

with

a

variable

delay,

selectable

by

a

front

panel

control,

of

approximately

1000

nanoseconds

to

allow

time

balance

in

coincidence

circuitry

and

analyzer

gating.

The

unit

provides

two

outputs

whose

leading

edges

contain

the

same

timing

information.

One

is

a

negative

spike

used

for

very

fast

timing

such

as

time

to

pulse

height

converters,

etc.,

and

the

other

is

a

positive

5-volt,

500-nanosecond-wide

pulse

for

slower

applications

such

as

coincidence

circuits

and

analyzer

gating.

These

output

pulses

are

the

two

standard

forms

of

logic

pulses

in

the

ORTEC

400

Series

modular

instruments,

and

are

compatible

with

all

related

input

signal

requirements.

2-1

2.

SPECIFICATIONS

INPUT

SIGNAL

REQUIREMENTS:

Amplitude

Range

100

mV

to

10

V

Pulse

Width

Range

200

nsec

to

20

(xsec

Polarity

Positive

(Unipolar)

or

Positive

Portion

leading

(Bipolar)

CONTROLS:

Lower

Level

("E")

100

mV

to

10

V,

10-turn

control

Window

Width

("AE")

100

mV

to

10

V,

10-turn

control

Delay

0

to

1000

nsec,

10-turn

control

DiflFerentiol-integrol

Mode

Switch,

integral

position

disables

"AE"

Discriminator

Unipolar-Bipolar

Mode

Switch

LINEARITY

(as

percent

of

full

span):

"E"

<±0.25%

"AE"

<±0.25%

Delay

<

±

2

%

TEMPERATURE

STABILITY

(as

percent

of

full

span):

"E"

."

..

.<

±

0.015%/C°

"AE"

<±0.015%/C°

Delay

<

±

0.4

nsec/C°

TIME

SHIFT

VS.

PULSE

HEIGHT*

<

±2

nsec

for

a

factor

of

(XI0)

or

±

10

nsec

for

(X50)

*Specified

withiORTEC

Model

410

Amplifier,

Double-Delay-Line

Mode,

Integrate

0.2

/xsec

OUTPUT

SIGNALS

Both

occur

simultaneously

and

may

be

delayed

0

to

1.0

/xsec

by

means

of

a

10-turn

DELAY

control

Fast

Negative,

0.6

V

(min),

T,.

<

5

nsec.

Width

<

20

nsec

Slow

Positive,

5

V,

Tr

<

20

nsec.

Width

~

500

nsec

POWER

REQUIRED

30

mA

at

+

24

V,

30

mA

at

—

24

V

50

mA

at

+

1

2

V,

40

mA

at

—1

2

V

WEIGHT

~

2.5

pounds

net

SIZE

Standard

double

width

module

(2.70

inches

wide)

per

TID-20893

_J

3-1

3.

INSTALLATION

INSTRUCTIONS

3.1

General

Model

420,

used

in

conjunction

with

Model

401/402

Bin

and

Power

Supply,

is

intended

for

rock

mounting,

and

therefore

it

is

necessary

to

ensure

that

vacuum

tube

equipment

operating

in

the

some

rock

has

sufficient

cooling

air

circulating

to

prevent

any

localized

heating

of

the

all-transistor

circuitry

used

throughout

the

Model

420.

The

temperature

of

equipment

mounted

in

racks

can

easily

exceed

the

recommended

maximum

unless

precautions

are

taken;

Model

420

should

not

be

subjected

to

temperatures

in

excess

of

120''F

(50°

C).

^

3.2

Connecton

to

Power—Nuclear

Standard.Bin,

ORTEC

Model

401/402

Model

420

contains

no

internal

power

supply,

and

therefore

must

obtain

power

f

from

a

Nuclear

Standard

Bin

and

Power

Supply

such

as

ORTEC

Model

401/402.

I

It

is

recommended

that

the

Bin

power

supply

be

turned

off

when

inserting

or

'

removing

modules.

The

ORTEC

400

Series

is

designed

so

that

it

is

not

possible

to

overload

the

Bin

power

supply

with

a

full

complement

of

modules

in

the

Bin;

however,

this

may

not

be

true

when

the

Bin

contains

modules

other

than

those

of

ORTEC

design.

In

this

case,

power

supply

voltages

should

be

checked

after

the

'

insertion

of

modules.

Model

401

/402

has

test

points

on

the

power

supply

control

panel

to

monitor

the

dc

voltages.

3.3

Connection

to

a

Linear

Amplifier

The

input

to

the

Model

420

is

via

a

front

panel

BNC

connector

and

is

compatible

with

all

linear

amplifiers

capable

of

producing

10-volt

unipolar

or

bipolar

output

signals

onto

a

2000-ohm

load,

with

the

positive

excursion

of

a

bipolar

signal

leading

the

negative

excursion

in

real

time.

The

input

operating

range

is

from

threshold,

typically

100

millivolts,

to

10

volts,

This

unit

may

be

used

with

vacuum

tube

amplifiers

which

are

capable

of

output

signals

of

100

volts,

if

the

output

signal

from

the

amplifier

is

attentuated

so

that

it

cannot

exceed

10

volts.

Simple

resistive

attenuators

installed

in

the

vacuum

tube

amplifiers

will

make

them

com

patible

with

related

transistor

equipment.

3-2

3.4

Linear

Output

Signal

Connections

and

Terminating

impedance

Considerations

The

source

impedance

of

the

0-10

volt

standard

linear

outputs

of

most

400

Series

modules

is

approximately

1

ohm.

Interconnection

of

linear

signals

is,

thus,

non-critical

since

the

input

impedance

of

circuits

to

be

driven

is

not

important

in

determining

the

actual

signal

span,

e.g.,

0-10

volts,

de

livered

to

the

fol

lowing

circuit.

Paralleling

several

loads

on

a

single

out

put

is

therefore

permissible

while

preserving

the

0-10

volt

signal

span.

Short

lengths

of

interconnecting

coaxial

cable

(up

to

approximately

4

feet)

need

not

be

terminated.

However,

if

a

cable

longer

than

approximately

4

feet

is

necessary

on

a

linear

output,

it

should

be

terminated

in

a

resistive

load

equal

to

the

cable

impedance.

Since

the

output

impedance

is

not

purely

resistive,

and

is

slightly

different

for

each

individual

module,

when

a

certain

given

length

of

coaxial

cable

is

connected

and

is

not

terminated

in

the

characteristic

impedance

of

the

cable,

oscil

lations

wil

l

generally

be

observed.

These

oscillations

can

be

suppressed

for

any

length

of

cable

by

properly

terminating

the

cable

either

in

series

at

the

sending

end

or

in

shunt

at

the

receiving

end

of

the

line.

To

properly

terminate

the

cable

at

the

receiving

end,

it

maybe

necessary

to

consider

the

input

impedance

of

the

driven

circuit,

choosing

on

additional

paral

lel

resistor

to

make

the

combination

produce

the

desired

termination

resistance.

Series

terminating

the

cable

at

the

sending

end

may

be

preferable

in

some

coses

where

re

ceiving

and

terminating

is

notdesirable

or

possible.

When

series

terminat

ing

at

the

sending

end,

ful

l

signal

span,

i.e.,

amplitude,

isobtainedat

the

receiving

end

only

when

it

is

essential

ly

unloaded

or

loaded

with

an

impedance

many

times

that

of

the

cable.

This

may

be

accomplished

by

inserting

a

series

resistor

equal

to

the

characteristic

impedance

of

the

ca

ble

internally

in

the

module

between

the

actual

ampiifier

output

on

the

etched

board

and

the

output

connector.

It

must

be

remembered

that

this

impedance

is

in

series

with

the

input

impedance

of

the

load

being

driven,

and

in

the

case

where

the

driven

load

is

900

ohms,

a

decrease

in

the

signal

span

of

approximately

10%

will

occur

for

a

93-ohm

transmission

line.

A

more

serious

loss

occurs

when

the

driven

load

is

93ohms

and

the

transmis

sion

system

is

93

ohms.

In

this

case,

a50%

loss

will

occur.

BNC

connec

tors

with

internal

terminators

are

available

from

a

number

of

connector

manufacturers

in

nominal

values

of

50,

100,

and

lOOOohms.

ORTEC

stocks

in

limited

quantity

both

the

50

and

100

ohm

BNC

terminators.

The

BNC

terminators

are

quite

convenient

to

use

in

conjunction

with

a

BNC

tee.

4-1

4.

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

4.1

Front

Panel

Control

Functions

"E"

DISC.

The

function

of

the

"E"

(or

energy)

discriminator

is

the

some

as

with

any

discrimi

nator,

i.e.,

to

prevent

discriminator

triggering

by

those

signals

which

are

below

the

selected

threshold.

The

threshold

range

of

this

discriminator

is

from

approxi

mately

100

millivolts

to

10

volts

direct

reading

on

the

dial.

"AE"

DISC.

The

"AE"

discriminator

forms

the

upper

level

of

the

single

channel

analyzer.

The

dial

of

this

discriminator

reads

the

difference

in

voltage

or

energy

between

the

"E"

discriminator

and

the

upper

level;

therefore,

it

reads

"AE."

Since

this

forms

the

upper

level

of

the

single

channel

analyzer,

the

output

from

this

discriminator

is

placed

in

anticoincidence

with

an

output

from

the

lower

level

or

"E"

discrimi

nator

so

that

when

triggered,

there

is

no

output.

Therefore,

to

obtain

an

output

from

this

unit

a

signal

must

be

bigger

than

the

"E"

setting

but

less

than

"E"

+

"AE."

(When

the

Differential/Integral

(DIFF./INT.)

switch

is

set

to

the

INT

position,

the

"AE"

function

is

disabled,

and

the

unit

becomes

an

integral

dis

criminator

which

is

controlled

by

the

"E"

dial.)

Delay

Control

When

the

bipolar

signal

passes

from

a

positive

to

a

negative

value,

or

when

the

unipolar

signal

recrosses

the

"E"

discriminator

setting

(depending

upon

the

selec

tion

of

unipolar

or

bipolar

operation

by

means

of

switch

SI),

a

logic

signal

to

be

used

for

timing

or

counting

operation

is

generated.

The

delay

control

allows

the

output

logic

signal

to

be

delayed

in

time

from

this

reference

time,

to+

a

constant

propagation

delay,

over

a

range

of

0

to

1000

nanoseconds.

This

delay

is

con

tinuously

variable

by

means

of

a

10-turn

potentiometer.

UNIPOLAR/BIPOLAR

Switch

(SI)

Switch

SI

selects

the

mode

of

operation

of

the

timing

unit,

and

should

be

set

to

correspond

to

unipolar

or

bipolar

signals

at

the

input;

i.e.,

if

the

input

signal

is

a

singly

differentiated

pulse

this

switch

should

be

in

the

UNIPOLAR

position,

and

if

the

input

signal

is

a

bipolar

signal

the

switch

should

be

in

the

BIPOLAR

posi

tion.

Precise

timing

is

available

only

when

the

signal

is

a

bipolar

signal.