Pira PIRA75 Manuale utente

PIRA75 / P175

FM Broadcast Analyzer

User Manual

Firmware version 1.5 rev. 2

Web: http://www.pira.cz E-mail: m[email protected]

Table of Contents

Related Documents...........................................................................................................................................................2

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................3

Main highlights...................................................................................................................................................................................3

Measurements, indications and outputs...............................................................................................................................................3

Technical Specifications...................................................................................................................................................4

Power supply (P75).............................................................................................................................................................................6

Power supply (P175)...........................................................................................................................................................................6

Mainboard composition (P75).............................................................................................................................................................7

Mainboard composition (P175)...........................................................................................................................................................8

Alarm outputs (P175)..........................................................................................................................................................................9

Operating Instructions ...................................................................................................................................................10

Power-up...........................................................................................................................................................................................10

Control buttons..................................................................................................................................................................................10

Operating modes ...............................................................................................................................................................................10

Menu.................................................................................................................................................................................................10

Measurements.................................................................................................................................................................12

Signal quality ....................................................................................................................................................................................12

Overall frequency deviation (peak frequency deviation)...................................................................................................................14

Pilot deviation...................................................................................................................................................................................14

RDS deviation...................................................................................................................................................................................14

Pilot-to-RDS phase difference...........................................................................................................................................................15

Modulation power (MPX power, Pm)................................................................................................................................................15

Frequency deviation histogram.........................................................................................................................................................16

Service details (P75) .........................................................................................................................................................................17

Service details (P175) .......................................................................................................................................................................17

Simple stereo balance meter..............................................................................................................................................................17

Carrier frequency offset ....................................................................................................................................................................18

Radio Data System decoding ............................................................................................................................................................19

USB and COM Port Communication ...........................................................................................................................23

Connecting the FM analyzer to a PC.................................................................................................................................................23

List of commands and configuration registers...................................................................................................................................23

Service Part .....................................................................................................................................................................28

Firmware update ...............................................................................................................................................................................28

Superheterodyne receiver ganging....................................................................................................................................................28

Annexes............................................................................................................................................................................29

Memory map.....................................................................................................................................................................................29

Related Documents

Visit the Website for the latest documentation version and the following additional documentation:

FM Scope - User Guide (http://pira.cz/fm_broadcast_analyzer/fmscope.pdf)

RDS Spy - RDS Decoder for Windows (http://rdsspy.com/download/mainapp/rdsspy.pdf)

Introduction

The P75 and P175 FM Broadcast Analyzer is a stand-alone low-cost solution for FM broadcast analysis.

It provides complete FM modulation and basic AF spectrum measurements in FM radio band through the

antenna input.

Built-in LCD display and control interface allows to measure and collect data in terrain without need of

any PC computer. Serial interface and the control software provide a possibility of remote control, data

viewing and automated data logging.

This kind of analyzer is essential equipment for all FM radio stations to ensure compliance with basic

technical broadcast standards and to accomplish the highest audio quality possible.

Main highlights

Stand-alone design, completely DSP based from IF to outputs

Compliant with CEPT/ERC REC 54-01 E and ITU-R SM.1268

Dual-conversion receiver

Built-in LCD display and RS-232 interface

Built-in USB interface (P175)

Firmware updates are free

Easy to use

Measurements, indications and outputs

Overall frequency deviation incl. histogram

Modulation power (MPX power)

Baseband spectrum, RF carrier spectrum

Pilot deviation

RDS deviation

Pilot-to-RDS phase difference

FM carrier frequency offset

Reception quality and signal strength

Stereo balance meter

Headphones audio output

Alarm logic or general purpose outputs (P175)

RDS/RBDS decoder

Please read this entire manual and familiarize yourself with the controls before attempting to use this equipment.

The equipment has been thoroughly tested and found to be in proper operating condition when shipped. The

manufacturer is not liable for any damages, including but not limited to, lost profits, lost savings, or other incidental or

consequential damages arising out of the use of this product.

No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, recording or information storage and retrieval systems, for any purpose other than the

purchaser's personal use.

It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of the product. If you

wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter and ways in which our documentation can better

serve you, please mail us your comments.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice.

Revision: 2016-10-05

Technical Specifications

Parameter

Condition

Value

General

Supply voltage (P75)

external

8 –16 V DC

battery

4.8 –5.8 V DC (4x AA NiMH)

Supply current (P75)

LCD off

170 mA

LCD on

240 mA

Supply voltage (P175)

external

8 –12 V DC

battery

2.3 –4.5 V DC (2x or 3x AA NiMH)

USB

5.0 V

Supply current (P175)

LCD off

140 mA

LCD on

210 mA

battery

up to 500 mA

External power supply connector

DC 2.1 mm

Board dimensions (P75)

139 x 72 mm

Board dimensions (P175)

133 x 70 mm

CPU

120 MHz RISC DSP

Data connector (P75)

RS-232 (DCE, 9 pins), bidirectional

Data connector (P175)

RS-232 (DCE, 9 pins), bidirectional,

USB (FTDI based, virtual serial port)

Communication speed

19200 bps

Communication mode

1 stop bit, 8 data bits, no parity, (no flow control)

RX buffer length

40 bytes

Intermediate frequency (IF)

1st IF

10.675 MHz

2nd IF

0.325 MHz ±0.005 MHz

IF bandwidth

280 kHz

Antenna Input

Antenna connector

BNC, 50 Ohms

Frequency range

87.5 –108.0 MHz

Tuning step

selectable 50 kHz or 100 kHz

Input sensitivity

S/N 26 dB

4 μV

basic measurements

30 μV

full measurements

70 μV

Maximum input level

0.5 V (5 mW)

Intermodulation immunity

basic (single input LC circuit with coil tap)

Never connect RF power output from the transmitter directly to the device's antenna input!

Measurements

Frequency deviation range

min.

0 –121 kHz

Frequency deviation error

1 kHz sine

< ± 1.5 kHz

typical content

< ± 2 kHz

Modulation power range

min.

-12 –14 dBr

Modulation power error

-6 –6 dBr

± 0.2 dBr

Pilot deviation error

6.8 kHz

± 0.2 kHz

RDS deviation range

1.0 –17.9 kHz, note 5

RDS deviation error

full signal

± 5% ± 0.5 kHz

Pilot-to-RDS phase difference error

± 4 deg.

Baseband frequency response flatness

10 Hz –60 kHz

± 0.3 dB

Stereo balance error

± 0.5 dB

Signal level error (P175)

35 –86 dBµV

non-linearity ± 3 dBµV, offset ± 2 dBµV

0 –35 dBµV

not specified

Alarm Outputs (P175)

Maximum current from pin 1

100 mA

Maximum current from/to pin 2, 3, 4, 5

15 mA (internally limited by 390R serial resistor)

Headphones Audio Output

Audio channels

1 (switchable R+L, L, R, R-L)

Output impedance

typ.

100 Ohms

Output level

no load

adjustable 0 –2.5 V p-p @ 75 kHz

Signal to noise ratio

75 kHz, volume 0 dB

55 dB

Stereo decoder separation

1 kHz

>23 dB

Distortion

1 kHz

2 %

Internal RDS/RBDS Decoder

RDS groups detected

All RDS groups 0A-15A, 0B-15B

RDS services supported

PS, PI, PTY, PTYN, TP, TA, M/S, DI, AF, EON,

ECC, LIC, PIN, RT, CT, AID, RT+

RDS groups decoded

0A, 0B, 1A, 2A, 2B, 3A, 4A, 10A, 14A

RDS deviation (ΔFrds) required

min.

1.0 kHz

Antenna input sensitivity

(average BER = 5 % or less,

single station, no interference)

ΔFrds=2.0 kHz

30 μV

ΔFrds=3.4 kHz

18 μV

ΔFrds=6.8 kHz

9 μV

Never exceed specified voltage value at the battery power supply connector! It may cause

permanent damage to the device! Disconnect or remove accumulators from the unit when it is

not in use!

Don’t open the plastic cover (boxed versions)! No user adjustable parts inside! Risk of damage!

Take care to avoid strong mechanical pressure on the power switch during transport!

Never use the equipment if there's any visible damage on its electrical parts! In that case

disconnect all cables, remove accumulators and contact the vendor or manufacturer.

Notes (Technical specifications):

1. p-p = peak-to-peak value; BER = Block Error Rate

2. Due to inherent reception the unit may have reduced sensitivity at 90.0 MHz.

3. Very strong el. field intensity (above 130 dBμV/m) may cause additional measuring error or may disallow

the measurement.

4. Shadowed fields are device specific.

5. If pilot and RDS are not synchronized, the range reduces to 1.7 –17.9 kHz. Spurious RDS detection may

occur on stations without RDS if the station's signal is noisy or specific static sine tones are transmitted.

If ARI system is used simultaneously with RDS on the same transmitter, the RDS deviation value should

not be taken into consideration. Instead of this the Windows application and MPX spectrum graph gives an

image about signal level of each component.

Power supply (P75)

External power supply connector

The FM analyzer can be supplied from any power supply, which delivers a voltage between 8 and 16 V DC and

continuous current of 300 mA to 1 A. The FM analyzer has polarity protection and own voltage stabilizer. The

central conductor of the power supply connector is positive (+).

Battery power supply connector

Use this connector for supplying the FM analyzer from 4x 1.2V NiMH accumulator or stabilized +5V power supply.

This connector is polarity protected.

If both power supply connectors are being used to power the FM analyzer, the external connector has higher

priority.

The unit does not charge the battery.

Power supply (P175)

External power supply connector

The FM analyzer can be supplied from external power supply (typically DC wall adapter), which delivers a voltage

between 8 and 12 V DC and continuous current of 300 to 500 mA. The FM analyzer has polarity protection and own

voltage stabilizer. The central conductor of the power supply connector is positive (+).

Battery power supply connector

Use this connector for supplying the FM analyzer from 2x or 3x 1.2V NiMH accumulator.

Due to safety reasons, the unit does not charge the battery.

USB connector

Use this connector for supplying the FM analyzer from PC computer or stabilized +5V power supply.

This connector is not polarity protected. Connecting an active USB cable the unit is always turned on, i.e. the power

off/on switch has no effect if the unit is powered from USB.

Never exceed specified voltage value at this connector! It may cause permanent damage to the

device!

The USB port must be rated to full 500 mA current! When supplying the unit from USB bus, it is

a better choice to connect the unit to the USB interface on the main board. Supplies for pocket

USB hubs and for some USB interfaces of lap-top and desk top computers are not sufficient and

an external power supply is necessary!

Mainboard composition (P75)

J1 –LCD display connector (HD44780 standard)

J2 –Expansion IIC bus

1: +5 V

2: SDA

3: SCL

4: Ground

J3 –Reserved for user applications

1: Ground

2: DIP5 output (for remote switching)

3: Reserved

4: Ground

5: +5 V

J4 –Reserved

1: MPX/audio PWM output (no LPF)

2: Receive Data (RxD), TTL

3: Transmit Data (TxD), TTL

J5 –Battery power supply connector

J6 –Audio connector mono/stereo switch

1-2: mono jack

2-3: stereo jack (headphones)

Note: the audio output is still one channel.

LCD module connection (if flat cable is used)

Make sure the LCD module is connected right before connecting power supply!

Incorrect connection will cause permanent damage to the LCD module.

Mainboard composition (P175)

J1 –Alarm outputs / General purpose outputs *

1: +5 V output for powering external device

(max. 100 mA)

2: Alarm 1 (Signal lost)

3: Alarm 2 (Silence)

4: Alarm 3 (Overmodulation)

5: Alarm 4 (Pilot or RDS level error)

6: Ground

J2 –Reserved for special applications

1: DIP5 output (for remote switching)

2: Reserved

3: Ground

J7 –Battery power supply connector

J10 –External buttons (pull-up resistors on board)

1: Ground

2: Up

3: Down

4: OK

J11 –Serial RS-232 port (TTL levels)

1: Receive Data (RxD)

2: Transmit Data (TxD)

3: Ground

* Notes:

The Alarm outputs can be used as independent general purpose logical outputs. See the section "List of commands

and configuration registers" for more details.

Maximum current from/to pins 2-5 is limited by internal 390R serial resistors.

Note: The device provides three serial communication ports (USB, RS-232 and J11). These ports are internally

linked together so the user may select any of these ports that best fits the communication requirements. When

requesting data via any port, all ports will send the reply. The user must ensure that different ports will not receive

requests at the same time.

Note for boxed version: There are no user-adjustable elements inside! Don’t remove the front panel!

Alarm outputs (P175)

The device provides four independent logic outputs that are set by specific alarm conditions. These outputs can be

used for direct LED driving, switching to backup transmission equipment, signalizing via GSM gateway etc.

The alarm outputs are active high. If the alarm condition is no longer actual, appropriate output is driven low when

the time hysteresis elapses. Almost all parameters are user configurable. With factory default values the alarm

behavior is as showed in this table:

Alarm output

Condition

Interpretation

Alarm 1:

Signal lost

Signal quality < 4

(time duration 30 seconds)

FM transmitter failure or signal for the P175 device

is too weak for permanent monitoring.

Alarm 2:

Silence

ΔF AVE < 25 kHz

(time duration 1 minute)

There's no audio or the audio level is too low.

Broadcast automation system has crashed or

studio's mixing console has been set improperly or

connection between studio and transmitter has been

lost.

Alarm 3:

Overmodulation

ΔF MAX Hold > 88 kHz

and

[Histogram Max At > 78 kHz

ΔF AVE > 78 kHz]

(time duration 1 minute)

Transmitter problem or sound processing problem

or unauthorized manipulation with the broadcast

equipment or signal too bad (alarm 1 interpretation

may apply).

Alarm 4:

Pilot or RDS level error

ΔF Pilot < 5.8 kHz

ΔF Pilot > 7.7 kHz

ΔF RDS > 8.5 kHz

(time duration 1 minute)

Stereo encoder fault or transmitter problem or

unauthorized manipulation with the broadcast

equipment.

The device must operate in Measuring mode otherwise alarms are deactivated and the outputs are driven low. The

user must ensure that the device will receive the station's signal in appropriate quality. To resume the monitoring on

desired frequency automatically after eventual power drop out, save the settings using menu item 4. To configure

the alarms see the section 'USB and COM Port Communication'.

Alarm response example.

Application example –Logical sum (OR function) of alarm outputs.

Operating Instructions

Power-up

For external power supply, make sure the unit is switched off. Connect the power supply and then switch the unit

on. The device requires no heating time. After a few seconds the unit is ready for operate. The antenna, audio and

data cables can be connected regardless of the operating state.

Control buttons

Button

Meaning



Go to next page or menu item, tune up.



Go to previous page or menu item, tune down.

OK, enter the menu, confirm or change the option.

Operating modes

Measuring ON

Measuring OFF

RDS decoder mode

Stereo decoder mode

L-R

L+R

The mode selected is indicated at the first line of the LCD. When switching between the modes, the values measured

will remain. The stereo decoder modes affect the audio signal in headphones output. This output is one-channel.

To enter the menu, press the OK button. Some items are showed depending upon context (page or operating mode).

Menu item

Meaning

1 –Tune

Tune to a desired frequency in FM band (manual tuning)

2 –Scan

Tune using a scan mode (automatic tuning, stops on each station).

3 –Histogram Data

3 –Set as Normal

3 –More RDS Data

Show frequency deviation histogram values.

Consider the 2nd IF as a normal (see Carrier frequency offset)

Show more Radio Data System information.

4 –Save Settings

Save settings (incl. actual frequency tuned)

5 –Save Data

Save measured data and RDS data into EEPROM.

6 –Load Data

Load measured data and RDS data from EEPROM.

7 –Clear Data

Clear all measured values in operational memory.

8 –Volume

Adjust audio volume in steps.

9 –Sending Pm

9 –Mode

Enable/Disable sending of modulation power values via serial port if measuring is

enabled.

Set the operating mode if measuring is OFF: RDS, Stereo L, R, L-R, L+R.

10 –Measuring

Enable/Disable the measuring.

11 –Return

Return from the menu.

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