Red Hat DIRECTORY SERVER 2.0 - GATEWAY Manuale di riferimento

Red Hat Directory Server DSML

Gateway

Directory Server provides a Java gateway application based on Directory Service Markup

Language (DSML) version 2.0. The following sections contain background on DSML,

information on how to use the DSML gateway with Directory Server and Web servers, and

how to configure your DSML gateway:

• Introduction to DSML Gateway

• DSML Gateway with Directory Server

• Activating the Gateway

• Configuring the DSML Gateway

For information on implementing and configuring the Default and Directory Express LDAP

gateways that come with Directory Server, refer to the Red Hat Directory Server Gateway

Customization Guide.

Introduction to DSML Gateway

• Introduction to DSML

• DSML Authentication Mapping

• Java Implementation

Introduction to DSML

Directory Service Markup Language (DSML) is an open, extensible format that allows

directories to exchange information across directory server types. The flexibility of DSML

enables clients to interact with customers, partners, and remote locations, regardless of the

type of directory service used.

Introduction to DSML Gateway

2 Red Hat Directory Server DSML Gateway • February 2005

DSML version 2.0, the basis for Directory Server’s DSML Gateway, allows directory

contents to be accessed, modified, and controlled through XML (eXtensible Markup

Language), a more flexible language than HTML that allows customized markup

languages to be created for different uses.

As a Web services protocol, DSML closely mirrors Lightweight Directory Access

Protocol (LDAP). DSML is designed to allow arbitrary Web services clients to access

directory services using the client's native protocols (http://soap), which allows

content stored in a directory service to be easily accessed by standard Web service

applications and development tools. DSML is useful in Web applications because it can

access directories when a firewall would normally screen out an LDAP request.

Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is an XML-based protocol used in combination

with Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to access information in a distributed database.

DSMLv2 uses SOAP to bind to a Directory Server over the Web in such a way that LDAP

directories, such as Directory Server, can be faithfully rendered in XML.

DSML Authentication Mapping

The DSML authentication mechanism is native to http://soap, but the gateway

interacts cleanly with LDAP. Client credentials presented via HTTP Client

Authentication or SSL connections are mapped to a distinguished name (DN) and

then proceed as if an LDAP client had bound with that DN.

The gateway mapping is implemented essentially as follows:

1. The client's authentication credentials are obtained from the servlet container

(username/password from http://soap or client certification DN from SSL).

2. A mapping function is applied to yield a target DN in the host Directory Server's

directory information tree.

3. The gateway attempts to verify the presented credentials by binding as the mapped

DN against the host Directory Server.

4. If the gateway binds successfully, the session is marked as “authenticated.”

5. For authenticated sessions, LDAP proxy authorization controls are sent with every

operation to the Directory Server. This ensures that operations are done in the security

context of the presented credentials (as mapped).

DSML Gateway with Directory Server

Red Hat Directory Server DSML Gateway 3

Java Implementation

The DSML gateway is implemented as a Java application. Implementation as a gateway, as

opposed to natively within the Directory Server, offers the following benefits:

• Improved throughput since XML-parsing, which is CPU-intensive, can be done on a

different CPU than the server uses.

• Integration with emerging Web services protocols can be added without affecting

Directory Server performance.

The gateway architecture does increase response times slightly in relation to a native

Directory Server implementation because each request must be forwarded through the

gateway.

Implementation in Java offers the following benefits:

• Execution in a wide range of operating system and hardware environments, including

those that do not support Directory Server.

• Leverage of existing Java Web services implementations.

• Deployment within the execution environment of your choice. Installation will be easy

even without experience using Java Web services.

DSML Gateway with Directory Server

To use the DSML Gateway application as part of your Directory Server deployment, you

must:

1. Ensure prerequisites are met.

Since the DSML gateway natively runs via http://soap, the machine or application

that uses the gateway must be SOAP compatible.

NOTE Since the bindDN and password for a user in the DSML gateway is the

same bindDN and password used to access the Directory Server, proxy

authorization is the same proxy right that is determined by access control

rules. This is an extremely powerful right, and there is not way to limit as

whom a user with proxy rights may bind. Proxy rights should be limited to

privileged users, such as root.

Activating the Gateway

4 Red Hat Directory Server DSML Gateway • February 2005

2. Install Directory Server.

The DSML gateway is installed with Directory Server. It must be activated

separately; see step 3. The DSML Gateway can run simultaneously with the other two

gateways that are installed with Directory Server; however, it does not interact with

them.

3. Enable the the gateway.

See “Activating the Gateway” for instructions on how to enable the gateway and for

the command-line utilities available.

4. Modify the configuration files.

During installation, the files relevant to the DSML gateway are placed in

serverRoot/clients/dsmlgw. The configuration information is stored in

dsmlgw.cfg. You can modify desired settings in the file and customize the

application to suit your organization.

The gateway connects to the default port (389) of Directory Server. The gateway can

also point to a different server and port; you can configure this at installation or when

moving or creating instances of the gateway. This is addressed in “Configuring the

DSML Gateway.”

DSML gateway can be configured to point to the Directory Server or the Admin

Server, to run from a different port, and to allow read-write access. The default

settings allow read-only access to the directory with the server set as the Directory

Server. See “Configuring the DSML Gateway” for detailed information on

configuration parameters. It is recommended that you not change the default settings.

Activating the Gateway

The DSML gateway is installed with Directory Server. To enable it, do the following:

1. Stop the server with the ./stop-admin command.

2. Run the activation script to enable the gateway:

./slapd-serverID/dsml-activate.extension -i

where extension is either .bat, for Windows systems, or .pl, for all others. -i

initializes the gateway.

Running this script changes the jvm12.conf, obj.conf, and server.xml files in

the /admin-serv/config directory.

3. Restart the Admin Server with the ./start-admin command.

Activating the Gateway

Red Hat Directory Server DSML Gateway 5

Gateway Utilities

The DSML gateway comes with three command-line utilities, listed in Table DSML-1.

When activating the gateway, you can use the -p utility to specify a port number other than

the default (389 for the Directory Server, 8080 for the Admin Server). This parameter can

also be edited manually; see “Changing the Port.”

The -u utility will restore edited files when the server is restarted. Any changes made to the

configuration files are normally lost when the gateway is deactivated and restarted; using

this utility will save those changes and restore them when the host server is stopped and

started:

./slapd-serverID/dsml-activate.{pl|bat} -u

You must run the -u utility after -i. If you were to run the commands

dsml-activate.{pl|bat} -i -p 3033

dsml-activate.{pl|bat} -i -p 3222

back-to-back, the Admin Server and the gateway will not start, with an error message, such

as:

-u required at ./dsml-activate.pl line 30

Any changes in configuration or restarts must occur in a -i -u -i order, as follows, to

ensure that both the server and the gateway will start:

dsml-activate.{pl|bat} -i -p 3033

dsml-activate.{pl|bat} -u

dsml-activate.{pl|bat} -i -p 3222

NOTE Any changes made to files in the /admin-serv/config directory will be

lost if the gateway is deactivated and restarted.

Table DSML-1 Gateway Command-Line Utilities

-i Initializes the gateway.

-p Optional. Sets the port number. The -p utility is only used with -i.

-u Restores edited files and disables the gateway the next time the

server is restarted.

Configuring the DSML Gateway

6 Red Hat Directory Server DSML Gateway • February 2005

Configuring the DSML Gateway

The gateway is already configured at installation. With the default settings, the gateway is

running using the Admin Server as the host. The default URL is

host:port/axis/sercvices/dsmlgw, where the host and port are the Admin Server’s

hostname and DSML gateway port as determined by dsml-activate.

The configuration settings are stored in a Java properties text file in the following

location:

serverRoot/clients/dsmlgw/dsmlgw.cfg

Table DSML-2 lists the DSML gateway default configuration settings:

Table DSML-2Configuration Settings

Configuring the Gateway

The DSML gateway is configured when it is installed; no additional configuration is

necessary. However, some clients may want to move a gateway or create multiple

gateway instances. This may be recommended for high traffic gateways that may require a

separate HTTP server.

Parameter Description Default

Setting

ServerHost Host name for its peer Directory Server. localhost

ServerPort Port number for its peer Directory Server. 389

BindDN Bind DN. anonymous

BindPW Bind password. (empty)

MinimumConnectionPool Minimum connections the DSML gateway will make to the

Directory Server for operations. 3

MaximumConnectionPool Maximum connections the DSML gateway will make to the

Directory Server for operations. 15

MinimumLoginPool Minimum connections the DSML gateway will make to the

Directory Server for user authentication. 1

MaximumLoginPool Maximum connections the DSML gateway will make to the

Directory Server for user authentication. 2

UseAuth true|false expression. If the expression is true, it requires

the user to authenticate in order to bind; if it is false, it accepts

the userID and password offered.

false

Configuring the DSML Gateway

Red Hat Directory Server DSML Gateway 7

Changing the Host and BindDN

Changing the Host

1. Stop the gateway.

If the gateway is configured with the default parameters, this is done by stopping the

server:

./stop-admin

2. Open the dsmlgw.cfg file in the /clients/dsmlgw directory.

3. Edit the value of the ServerHost attribute to reflect the server you wish to use.

For example, to change the default server localhost to

ds-internal.example.com, edit ServerHost=localhost to

ServerHost=ds-internal.example.com.

4. Restart the gateway.

If the gateway is configured with the default parameters, this is done by restarting the

server:

./start-admin

Changing the Bind DN and Password

The default setting allows read-only access since the default bind DN is anonymous.

Changing the bind DN will allow read-write access for the directory if you reset the bind

DN to a DN that has read-write permissions.

If the UseAuth attribute value is set to true, the gateway requires standard HTTP headers,

consisting of the user’sfull distinguished name and password. Any operations done over the

gateway will be done with proxy authorization and will require a distinguished name with

proxy rights. For more about proxy authorization, refer to the Red Hat Directory Server

Administrator’s Guide.

1. Stop the gateway.

If the gateway is configured with the default parameters, this is done by stopping the

server:

./stop-admin

2. Open the dsmlgw.cfg file in the /clients/dsmlgw directory.

NOTE Everyone can read from the DSML gateway in its default configuration.

To restrict access further, set the UseAuth value to true.

Configuring the DSML Gateway

8 Red Hat Directory Server DSML Gateway • February 2005

3. Edit the value of the BindDN attribute to reflect the user for whom you are allowing

access.

For example, to change the default bindDN anonymous to

uid=fred,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com, change the line that reads

BindDN=anonymous to BindDN=uid=fred,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com.

4. Edit the value of the BindPW attribute. The password must be the same as the

password for authentication to the directory to keep access controls functioning.

Change the line which reads BindPW= to BindPW=foo.

5. Restart the gateway.

If the gateway is configured with the default parameters, this is done by restarting the

server:

./start-admin

Changing the Port

Edit the value of the ServerPort attribute to reflect the server you wish to use. Be sure

that this port number is not used by another application.

1. Stop the gateway.

If the gateway is configured with the default parameters, this is done by stopping the

server:

./stop-admin

2. Open the server.xml file in the /clients/dsmlgw/conf directory.

3. The recommended way to change the port number is by running the -u utility with

the activation script to save changes and and then the -i -p portNumber utilities to

change the port number. Any typos or errors caused by manually changing this

parameter will prevent the gateway and/or Admin Server from restarting; running the

activation script avoids this problem.

However, to change the port number manually, edit the value of the line that reads

ServerPort="4456" to reflect the port you wish to use. Remember to select a port

that is not in use by any other application.

For example, to change the port from 4456 to port 5564, edit ServerPort="4456"

to ServerPort="5564".

4. Restart the gateway.

If the gateway is configured with the default parameters, this is done by restarting the

server:

Configuring the DSML Gateway

Red Hat Directory Server DSML Gateway 9

./start-admin

Example Configuration

Parameters not in the file are set to the default value. All of the configuration options that

are currently in the document are correct and exist. The following is an example gateway

configuration for example.com Corporation:

# DSMLGW configuration for example.com Corporation

ServerHost=ds-internal.example.com

ServerPort=8080

BindDN=uid=fred,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com

BindPW=foo

UseAuth=false

Configuring the DSML Gateway

10 Red Hat Directory Server DSML Gateway • February 2005

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