Red Hat ENTERPRISE LINUX 5.5 - S 2010 Guida all'installazione

www.redhat.com

2 OVERVIEW

2 HARDWARE ENHANCEMENTS

3Memory Allocation Optimizations

3Schedular Optimizations

3 PowerEfciency

3Reliability

3 VIRTUALIZATION

4 TOOLS AND UTILITITES ENHANCMENTS

4Interoperability Advancements

4Infrastructure Enhancments

4Development Tool Features

5 CONCLUSION

RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 5.5

TECHNICAL OVERVIEW

By Tim Burke, Vice President, Engineering, Platform Engineering

Abstract

This paper provides a high-level summary of the primary enhancements

includedinthefthupdatetotheRedHatEnterpriseLinux5platform.

2www.redhat.com

OVERVIEW

InMarch2010,RedHatreleasedthefthupdatetoitsRedHatEnterpriseLinux5family,RedHat

EnterpriseLinux5.5.ThisreleasebuildsuponthestrongenterprisefoundationoftheRedHatEnterprise

Linux5releasestream,andaugmentsitwithsupportforamajornewgenerationofprocessorhardware.

BycarefullyensuringthatapplicationinterfacesarecompatiblewithearlierRedHatEnterpriseLinux5

releases, customers are able to utilize the new features and newly supported hardware without any disrup-

tiontotheiralready-certiedapplicationstacks.Thisofferscustomersthe“bestofbothworlds”—theability

tocapitalizeonthenewfeaturesandfunctionality,suchastheperformanceandefciencyofleading-edge

hardware, while preserving application stability and compatibility, enhanced interoperability with Microsoft

products,andnewtoolsandutilitiesthatusershaverequested.

ThispaperhighlightsthemajorenhancementsinRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5,butdoesnotattemptto

beacomprehensiveitemization.Inadditiontothefeaturesdescribed,RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5also

containsanumberofbugxes,securityenhancements,andminorfeatures.Completedetailsontheupdate

areprovidedintheReleaseNotes.Asmentionedabove,alloftheseenhancementsareimplementedsuch

that they ensure application compatibility with earlier releases, and that system stability and performance

aremaximized.Thepaperwillstartwithadescriptionofnewhardwarefeatures,followedbyadescriptionof

virtualizationenhancements,andwillclosewithahigh-levelsummaryofsomeotherimportantnewfeatures.

HARDWARE ENHANCEMENTS

Unquestionably,themostexcitingenhancementinRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5isthesupportandperfor-

mance optimization provided for the new hardware systems, and processor chipsets with supporting base-

boardcomponents.Specically,thereleasefeaturessupportfortheIntel®Xeon®processor7500series

(formerly code named Nehalem-EX) and AMD's Opteron™ 6000 Series platform (formerly code named

Magny-Cours),aswellassupportforIBM'snewPOWER7processor.Thesesystemstrulydousherinanew

eraofhighlyscalablecomputing.Toputthisintoperspective,considerthatpreviouslyaservercongura-

tionwith64processorsand1TBofmemorywouldconsistofapowerhungry“bigiron”systemoccupyinga

fullheightrackofequipment.Incontrast,asRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5shipsinMarch2010,ourhardware

partnersaredeliveringcertiedsystemsina4Uformfactorthatofferthesamelevelofscalability.Even

morestunningisthefactthatindividualbladeserverswillbeabletoscaleto32processorsand512GB.

Thisincreaseincapacityisn'tatypical“speedbump,”rather,it'samajorevolutionarystep.

The hardware is, of course, only half the story because without the companion operating system support

andperformanceoptimization,thehardwarebenetswouldnotberealizedinpracticalcustomerdeploy-

ments.HereareafewexampleshighlightingtheoptimizationsimplementedbyRedHatincooperationwith

itshardwarepartners.AnadvantageofthecollaborativeopensourcedevelopmentmodelisthatRedHat's

operatingsystemexpertscanworkverycloselywiththeirpeersinthehardwarevendorcommunitytobuild

supportforthelatesthardwarefeatures.

RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5TechnicalOverview|TimBurke

www.redhat.com 3

Memory Allocation optimizations• – this latest generation of hardware is categorized as NUMA

(Non-Uniform Memory Architecture), meaning that the time it takes to access regions of memory

differsonaper-CPUbasis,basedonitslocality.RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5incorporatesasubstantial

number of topology awareness enhancements to ensure that the fastest memory regions are allocated

perprocess.

Scheduler optimizations• –identifythemostefcientCPUonwhichtorunaprocess.Thisisacomplex

tradeoffthatbalancesthemostefcientreuseofprocessorcacheswitheffectiveworkloaddistribution

acrossalargepoolofCPUsbasedontopologyawareness.

Powerefciency• – system optimizations automatically run processes on the smallest possible subset

ofCPUs,therebyallowingunusedCPUstoenterlowerpowerstates.

Reliability• – enhancements that provide mechanisms to more precisely pinpoint system faults, trap

errors,createhighlyavailablecongurations,andtakecorrectiveactions.Suchcapabilitieswere

previouslytheexclusivepurviewofexotichighendsystems–andarenowforthersttimeavailable

oncommoditysystems.

VIRTUALIZATION

From a practical perspective, many current enterprise workloads are not able to fully utilize large scale

systemswith64processorsand1TBofmemory.EnterRedHat'svirtualizationcapabilities:thestandalone

RedHatEnterpriseVirtualizationhypervisorandmanagementstation,andtheintegratedvirtualization

providedbyRedHatEnterpriseLinux.Bothoftheseproductsprovideworkloadconsolidationcapabili-

tiesthatallowthenewhardwaresystemstoreallyshine.AndRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5providesa

numberofvirtualizationenhancementsandoptimizations.Forexample,acustomertestimonialforthe

newNehalem-EXsystemrunningRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5describeshowamassivelabof10,000

systemswillbeconsolidatingdownto256systems.

ThemajorfocusofvirtualizationoptimizationinRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5involvesI/Operformance

enhancements—notablyinthenetworkanddiskstacks.ThereareavarietyofI/Ooptimizationsthatenable

virtual guests to more directly access the device hardware, rather than incurring the overhead of indirect

accessthroughthehypervisor.ThisisaccomplishedbyutilizinghardwarefeaturessuchasSR-IOV,VT-D,

andPCI-passthrough.AsatestamenttotheeffectivenessoftheI/Ooptimizations,RedHatEnterpriseLinux

istheonlyoperatingsystemcapableofsaturatinga10GigEnetworkadapterfromavirtualguest.Another

exampleofI/O-andvirtualization-relatedoptimizationis“hugepage”support,whichallowsvirtualguests

toefcientlyallocateanduselargememorypools—atypicalusecasefordatabaseworkloads.

RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5TechnicalOverview|TimBurke

4www.redhat.com

ThesescalabilityandI/OenhancementssignicantlyreducethevirtualizationoverheadforI/Oboundwork-

loads,typicallytojustafewpercent.Thisopensthedoorforvirtualizationtobeapracticaldeployment

modelforawholenewclassofapplicationworkloads—includingdatabase,leserving,andhightransaction

ratemessagingmiddleware.Theseworkloadscannowbenetfromtheconsolidationefciencyandex-

ibilitythatvirtualizationoffers.

RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5isanidealvirtualizationfoundationthatcanenablehundredsofvirtualized

guests,LinuxandWindows,insameenvironment,tobeconsolidatedonasinglecommodityhostsystem.

Andnotjustwimpyguestseither,butgueststhatcanbeconguredwith32processorsand512GBof

memory, and deliver performance that is essentially identical to non-virtualized environments, even with

I/Oboundapplications.

TOOLS AND UTILITIES ENHANCEMENTS

InadditiontothehardwareandvirtualizationfeaturesincludedinRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5,there

arealsoalargevarietyofxesandenhancementstomanyoftheotheroperatingsystemcomponents.

Thissectionisabriefsummaryofthehighlights.

Interoperability advancements•

OpenOfce• –hasbeenupdatedtoversion3.1,providingsupportfortheMicrosoftOfce2007

andOOXMLformats.

Samba• –versionthreeofthisleandprintsharingsubsystemhasbeenenhancedforWindows

Server2008R2interoperability.

Infrastructure enhancements•

Freeradius• –updatedtoversion2.1providing802.1certicatesupport

PostgreSQL• –updatedtoversion8.4affordingperformanceenhancements

LVM• –theLogicalVolumeManagementstoragesuitehasbeenaugmentedtoprovidehotsparing

formirrorjournals,enablingautomaticreplacementorremovaloffailedloggingdevices.

Kernel tracepoints• –havebeenaddedinthenetworkandsignalsubsystems.Theseprovide

pre-congureddiagnosispointsthathavebeenintegratedwiththeSystemTaptracingtool.

Development tool features•

SystemTap• –prolingandtracingutilityhasbeenaugmentedtobettersupportC++application

probing.Anunprivilegedmodethatpermitsusebynon-rootusershasalsobeenadded.

GDB• –debuggerhasbeenenhancedforbetterC++applicationmonitoringaswellasindependent

threaddebugging.

Valgrind• –memorytrackingtoolsetbenetsfromperformancespeedupsandenhanceddetection

ofraceconditionsandmemoryleaks.

RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5TechnicalOverview|TimBurke

www.redhat.com 5

CONCLUSION

RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5continuestheprogressionoftheRedHatEnterpriseLinux5familybyproviding

industry-leading enablement for the ground-breaking new hardware systems and processor chipsets with

theirsupportingbaseboardcomponents.

RedHatEnterpriseLinuxcustomerswillbeabletodeployRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5onthelatestgenera-

tionofhardware,fullyoptimized,ontherstdayofsystemavailabilityinMarch2010.Completeapplica-

tioncompatibilityacrossallRedHatEnterpriseLinux5updatesmeansthatcustomerscantakeadvantage

ofthesignicantperformanceandscalabilityenhancementsprovidedin5.5withouthavingtorebuildand

re-certifytheirapplicationstack—andsoharnessthetruevalueoftheRedHatEnterpriseLinuxecosystem.

CustomerscansecurelydeployRedHatEnterpriseLinux5withtheknowledgethatthemoststringentlevels

ofapplicationcompatibilityandstabilityaresafeguardedwiththeircertiedsolutionstacks.

IfyouwouldlikemoreinformationaboutRedHat,visit:www.redhat.com, or call us at 1-888-REDHAT1.

RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.5TechnicalOverview|TimBurke

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