Satel Az-EL Manuale utente

SatEL Az-EL!

The SatEL Az-EL!

Azimuth-Elevation Rotor System,

Rotor Controller Module, and

WindowsControl Program

Instruction Manual

Index

Page

I. Introduction: Overview of the System 3

II. Hardware Assembly 3

- Assembling the table mount and the rotor stack 3

- Connecting the rotor controller to the wall power supply 4

- Connecting the rotor controller to the rotors and the computer 4

III. Installing the Software on your computer 6

- Introduction to the software 6

- Installing the Windowscontrol program, AzElControl.exe 7

- Installing the Kermit terminal program 7

- Finding the correct serial port 7

- How to use Kermit to aim your antennas during setup 8

IV. Operating the System 9

- The AzElControl.exe program 9

- Running the program the first time 10

- The rotor control buttons 10

- Preparing satellite pass data using Nova for Windows10

- Preparing satellite pass data using InstantTrack11

- The data file controls 12

- A hint about ephemeris data files 12

Appendix A Running the controller with a terminal 14

Warranty 16

I. Introduction: Overview of the Basic System

A block diagram of the basic SatEL system

is shown adjacent. It consists of the

controller that is mounted in a box and is

dual rotor antenna drive pair. The

controller is the small PC-board carrying a

microprocessor which does all the work

and which stores all the positions for future

motion. The rotors are actuated using

solid state relays which are much more

reliable than mechanical relays and which never get dirty contacts. Future times and positions

for the antenna system are loaded into the controller by a computer. Once the data has been

loaded into the controller via the RS-232 connection, the computer can be turned off or used

for other purposes and the controller will dutifully move the rotors to the appropriate positions

at the appropriate times. A program AzElControl.exe, described below, runs under Windows

on the computer and provides a means of communicating with and storing data into the

controller.

II. Hardware Assembly

Assembling the table mount and rotor stack

Begin by assembling the table support mount. The table support mount will be useful

during the assembly and testing of the Az-El system until you mount it outdoors. The support

mount is made up of a 10” gray PVC mast with a

threaded attachment glued on one end and a metal

lock washer screwed loosely on the threads, plus the

8” x 10” x 3/8” black base with four rubber support feet

on the bottom. Attach the mast to the base and

tighten the metal nut firmly.

Mount the azimuth rotor (the one without the

small water drain hole drilled in the side of the

aluminum rotor casting) to the top of the mast with the

hardware provided.

Next, use the second 10” PVC mast, the one

with the ~2” x ~3” rectangular coupler plate attached.

Attach this plate to the base of the elevation rotor

using the ¼-20 nuts hardware provided. Insert this

mast into the center of the azimuth rotor and clamp it

into position with the hardware provided.

A convenient horizontal boom for mounting

antennas can be made using a 4-ft length of the 1”

electrical conduit, available at hardware stores, the

same gray electrical conduit as is used for the two 10” masts. If the antennas to be mounted

are particularly heavy, you can make the horizontal boom more rigid by driving a standard 1”

diameter wooden dowel, available at hardware stores, into the conduit with a hammer. This

dowel is a snug but manageable fit into the 1” plastic conduit. For some antennas, depending

on their mounting configuration, it is important not to use conductive metals for the horizontal

boom, and this PVC + wooden dowel boom meets that requirement nicely.

If you want a boom longer than four feet, use a longer PVC tube. Here is how to make,

for example, an 8-ft. boom. Wooden dowel stock generally only comes in 4-ft. lengths, so buy

two dowel lengths, drive the first one into one end of the 8-ft. long PVC with a hammer. Cut the

second 4-ft. dowel in half, then drive the first 4-ft. dowel to the center of the 8-ft. PVC by driving

it further in with one of the 2-ft. dowels. Finish by driving the other 2-ft. dowel into the other

end. Not quite as strong as if an 8-ft. dowel were used, but probably strong enough, especially

if you put your heavier antennas on the inner 4-ft span.

It may be convenient, however, not to mount the full-length horizontal boom during the

testing and setup phase, as it will require a substantial turning radius, an inconvenience

indoors. While setting up the Az-El rotor indoors, it may be more convenient to use a short

length (~1.5 feet) of boom, made from the same 1” electrical conduit. We drilled a ¼” hole

transversely at one end of a such a short boom and inserted a 6” length of ¼” wooden dowel,

to serve as a “pointer”, a substitute for an antenna, to be able to see easily in which sky

direction a mounted antenna would be pointing.

This completes the rotor assembly.

Connecting the rotor controller to the wall power supply

Open the controller box by loosening the four corner screws in the box bottom to reveal

the controller board. The connections to the controller board are shown in the figure below.

Connect the wall power supply to the controller board. The power supply is 24 VAC from the

supplied wall-mount transformer. Use common lightweight stranded lamp cord, sometimes

called “zip cord”, to connect the wall-mount transformer to the terminals on the controller

board. Tinning the ends of the lamp cord wires with solder at both ends prior to attachment to

the transformer and the controller board will help avoid shorts due to wayward wire strands.

The power zip cord is connected to a two-pin

terminal block mounted along the top edge

of the controller board. The wall-mounted

transformer has a difficult-to-replace internal

fuse, so take care to avoid shorting the

transformer output.

Connecting the rotor controller to the rotors

and the computer

The eight wires to the two rotors go to

the eight-pin terminal block along the right

edge of the controller board. The four wires

from the azimuth rotor go to pins 1 – 4

consecutively. The aluminum casing of the

rotor has, adjacent to the area where the

screw terminals are, numbers associated with the four terminals of the rotor. These numbers

are molded into the aluminum casting of the adjacent case. Pin 1 on the azimuth rotor goes to

pin 1 of the controller terminal block, 2 to 2, 3 to 3 and 4 to 4. The four wires to the elevation

rotor consecutively go to pins 5- 8 of the terminal block: pin 1 of the elevation rotor goes to pin

5 of the terminal block, 2 to 6, 3 to 7 and 4 to 8 respectively.

You have a number of choices for cabling the rotors. For example, you can use two

four-conductor cables, one for each rotor, or you can use a single 7- or 8-conductor cable.

Whichever option you choose, we recommend you select stranded wire cables rather than

cables with solid-core wire. Stranded wire is more reliable in this situation where the wires

may be “worked” as the controller box is moved, possibly breaking the solid conductor. If you

decide to use solid core wire be careful to avoid nicking the wire when stripping its insulation.

If you choose to use two 4-conductor cables, we recommend against using the common

4-conductor solid-core wire used for telephones. Such wire (typically 24 gauge) is a bit light for

this application, and as mentioned above we recommend stranded wire. The conductors in the

cable should be of 18 to 22 AWG. Strip and tin each cable wire end to prevent fraying and

possible shorts.

You can choose to use a single 7- or 8- conductor cable. A 7-conductor cable can be

used because the ground wire is common to the two rotors because each rotor has a common

‘ground’ terminal: terminal 3. That is, a single wire in the cable connected to either controller

ground terminals 3 or 7 can go to both azimuth rotor terminal 3 and elevation rotor terminal 3.

The cable to the elevation rotor is conveniently routed through the center hole of the

vertical “T” coupler mast that joins the two rotors. This will prevent the elevation rotor cable

from getting tangled with antennas or other nearby structures.

The terminal connections are summarized in the table below.

Table of Terminal Connections

Controller terminal Az. rotor terminal El. rotor terminal

1 1

2 2

3 3 (ground)

4 4

5 1

6 2

7 3 (ground)

8 4

You will also need a connection from the nine-pin connector along the bottom edge of

the controller board to your computer’s serial port. A standard nine-pin female to nine-pin male

serial cable, of a length appropriate to your situation, is required, and this can be bought at any

computer or electronics store.

This completes the cabling connections.

III. Installing the Software on your computer

Introduction to the software

The accompanying CD-ROM contains the SatEL rotor control program, this instruction

manual, a freeware copy of the well-known terminal program, Kermit, and several freeware

programs for synchronizing your computer’s clock to an atomic standard. Before discussing

the installation of these programs, it is useful to describe the overall way the SatEL controller

interacts with your computer.

The SatEL rotor system is an improved version of the azimuth-elevation system

described in the Dec, 1999, QST article by Jim Koehler, VE5FP entitled “An Inexpensive Az-El

Rotator System”. Like that system, the SatEL rotors are controlled by a dedicated

microprocessor which keeps track of time, stores future desired pointing angles and moves the

rotors to point to these positions at the appropriate times. All communication between the

SatEL system and your computer is via a serial RS-232 port, as it was in the earlier VE5FP

system,

This improved version of the system is backward compatible with the original system.

This means that you can, if you choose, control the Az-El just by running a “terminal” program

such as Kermit; one which makes your computer act like a terminal to talk to the SatEL

system. In this way you can change the microprocessor date and time, move the two rotors in

all directions: the elevation rotor up or down, the azimuth rotor clockwise or counter-clockwise,

etc. You can also type in a list of future desired positions and the time that you want the

system to point there. You can disable future automatic motion, enable it, clear the memory

and interrogate the system to determine its status. A full set of the commands to the system

and its response are described in the original article. A summary of these commands is found

in Appendix A.

However, this way of controlling the rotor system is tedious and prone to error. The

original controller was very memory limited and so had very limited input checking. It was,

therefore, prone to locking up if commands were mistyped. The new controller has more

sophisticated command parsing, but using a plain terminal and typing desired future positions

is still tedious and error-prone.

To simplify things, SatEL provides a program to facilitate control of the rotors. This

program is named AzElControl.exe and can be installed from the accompanying CD-ROM.

AzElControl.exe will allow you to quickly upload data from ephemeris files produced by either

the InstantTrack or Nova for Windowssatellite prediction programs. You can enable or

disable motion, clear the memory, synchronize the controller clock to your computer clock, etc,

all using the SatEL Windows-resident AzElControl.exe program.

Most computer clocks are very inaccurate and so it is advisable to reset them correctly

once a day or so. The time synchronizing programs will do that via the Internet.

Installing the Windowscontrol program, AzElControl.exe

On the CD-ROM, there is a directory named ‘SatEL control program’. You can look at

the contents of the CD-ROM by using either WindowsExplorer or My Computer. In this

directory, there is an entry named ‘setup.exe’. You run this program to install AzElControl.exe

onto your hard disk and you do this by simply double-clicking setup.exe. The program will

automatically be installed on your computer. Before running it for the first time, it is advisable

to use a simple terminal program, such as the shareware Kermit program included on the CD-

ROM, to determine which serial port is connected to the nine-pin RS-232 connector on your

computer. Finding the correct serial port is described below.

Installing the Kermit terminal program

On the CD-ROM, there is another directory named ‘Terminal program’ and, in this

directory there is a single entry named ‘kw32v085.exe’. This is a program that, on being

double-clicked, will install a terminal program named Kermit to your hard disk. Those of you

with any long background in microcomputers will recognize the name Kermit as one of the

most useful of a long series of terminal and data transfer programs used on simple machines

twenty years ago. This is a simple Windowsversion of the program.

Finding the correct serial port

We will use Kermit to identify which port number is associated with the nine-pin RS-232

connector which you will use to interface to the SatEL system. If you haven’t already done so,

plug in the cable between the RS-232 connector on your computer and the RS-232 connector

on the SatEL controller and then power up the SatEL system by plugging in the wall wart. The

rotors should not move – if they do, you have a problem and it is likely with the wiring between

the rotors and the controller. If the rotors do not move, you can proceed to the next step,

which is to run the Kermit program. You can find it by clicking Start| Programs | Kermit |

Kermit. A window should open up on your desktop with a black background. This is the

terminal screen.

You need to first configure Kermit to 9600 baud and you do this with Configure |

Communications. Set the baud rate to 9600. All the other default settings are fine for now.

Notice that Port 1 is selected. Now, click the Session pull down window and check Connect.

The Kermit program is now connected to your computer’s Port 1. You can determine whether

that is the serial port going to your SatEL controller by typing a single question mark

character;’?’, without an Enter or CR. If the connection is correct, you will see the controller

response: the word ‘SatEL’ will appear on the screen. If so, you are done and you can now

use the terminal, if you wish, to interact with the SatEL controller. Typing a single ‘z’, for

instance, will elicit a response from the controller that will return the current status of the

controller. If you’ve turned it on for the first time, it will show that motion is disabled, the time is

at the beginning of the year 2000, and there are no stored positions in memory.

If you did not get the ‘SatEL’ response, it means that the controller is not connected to

Port 1. Disconnect the program from Port 1 by pulling down the Session window and un-

checking Connect. Now, pull down Configure again and select Communication again but this

time check the Port 2 button. Again pull down the Session window and check Connect. You

are now connected to Port 2. Again, type in a single question mark. If you get the ‘SatEL’

response, you are now connected and you know that Port 2 is the correct port for your

interface. If not, go through this sequence again but selecting Port 3. Repeat with Port 4 if

necessary.

Once you have determined the correct port for your interface, you can use the Kermit

program to interact directly with the SatEL controller at any time. Normally, however, you will

just want to use the AzElControl.exe program which you can run by selecting Start | Programs

| AzElControl.exe. Its operation is described later.

Before closing Kermit and getting on with things, you should now try some of the simple

commands to move the elevation rotor in the upward direction (typing a single ‘U’; upper or

lower case, either works) or downward (a single ‘D’). Typing an ‘S’ will always stop the motion.

Typing an ‘R’ causes the azimuth rotor to rotate clock-wise (increasing azimuth) while an ‘L’

makes it go the other way. Appendix A gives a brief summary of the commands and their

effects. Notice that, as you have moved the rotor about, that the controller is keeping track of

the present position. Typing a ‘Z’ causes it to give its’ status and that status includes where it

is presently pointing. NOTE: to keep from causing large current surges, it is advisable to stop

the rotors between motions. That is, do not go directly from an upward motion of the elevation

rotor to a downward motion. Instead, while it is moving upward, first stop it and then start the

downward motion.

Finally, to put the rotor system into a known state, type the ‘cx’ command (lowercase

only!). This command will cause the two rotors to go to a known position and will set the

internal stored pointing position to an azimuth and elevation of both zero. In other words, the

rotors are now set up to be pointing at the horizon to the north.

How to use Kermit to aim your antennas during setup

You have just set the internal EEPROM values for azimuth and elevation set to zero.

Ideally, you would then just mount the rotors in their final position and put the antennas on

them so that they are pointing due north at the horizon. Then, when you next apply power, it

will be positioned correctly and there’d be nothing more to do.

Well, is that true? How do you know which way is up? We are talking about the

elevation rotor, of course! Depending on which way you look at it, either direction could be up.

If you are facing north and you have the rotor system in front of you, the elevation axis will be

horizontal and you should unclamp the section of conduit holding the elevation rotor and rotate

it so that the elevation axis is running EW. The correct orientation is when the axis is EW and

when the blue rain shroud that covers one end of the elevation rotor’s axis is on the west side;

that is, your left. Then, an antenna clamped to the boom running through the elevation rotor

and pointing north, will move in the correct direction. That is, it will rotate upward when the

system is pointed to a higher elevation and will rotate downward when it is pointed to a lower

elevation.

Now, if you know which way north is and can easily point the antenna at the northern

horizon, you are completely done.

The problem comes when you don’t exactly know where true north is or when trees,

mountains or other obstructions obscure the northern horizon. It turns out that there are other

ways of solving the problem and we’ll describe them here.

Elevation is easy since, with the controller indicating that the system is pointing at (0, 0),

you just have to mount the antenna(s) so that they are horizontal. A carpenter’s level can

determine that easily.

Azimuth is a little more difficult but there are solutions. For example, in the northern

hemisphere of the earth, the pole star, Polaris, indicates the direction to the north. If you have

the elevation already set, you just need to point the antenna (using the P command – see

Appendix A) at an azimuth of zero and an elevation of your latitude and it should then be

pointing at Polaris. So, looking along the antenna axis, you just need to loosen the clamps and

rotate the elevation rotor (don’t loosen the clamps holding the boom in the elevation rotor – you

don’t want to disturb the elevation setting) till the antenna points at Polaris. For example, if you

live in Arizona at a latitude of 34 degrees, you would point the antenna using the command ‘P0

34’ and the antenna would move to that position. Actually, it would move to an azimuth of zero

and an elevation of 30 degrees because it moves in ten degree steps. This means that Polaris

would be 4 degrees higher in the sky than the direction the antenna is pointed but it would be

pointing at exactly the correct azimuth.

If you have mounted the whole system at the top of a tower, you might not like the idea

of climbing the tower at night in order to see Polaris and we certainly don’t recommend it. In

fact, we caution you against doing that.

An alternative is to use the sun on a clear day. All satellite prediction programs allow

you to calculate the position of the sun during the day. If you look at the predictions of the

sun’s position, you can find the time when the sun is exactly to the south of your location; i.e.,

when the sun is at an azimuth of 180 degrees. So, using the P command, point your antenna

at the southern horizon (‘P180 0’). Then the axis of your antenna should be horizontal and

pointing at the direction directly under the sun at the time determined above. At that time, you

loosen the clamps and orient the axis so that your antennas point in that direction. If the sun is

very high and you can’t easily determine the exact position directly under the sun, you can hold

a string with a weight on it in front of and over the end of the antenna. Then the sun’s shadow

of the string should lie along the axis of your antenna when the antenna is pointed at the

azimuth of the sun.

IV. Operating the System

The AzElControl.exe program

This program provides some of the simple

controls to handle the SatEL azimuth-elevation

rotor system and to upload data into the system

controller. When the program is running, you will

see the window adjacent. You will notice that

there are three main areas of the window. The

top button on the left is used to select the data

file to be sent to the rotor controller and to

subsequently send it. The text window is at the

top right, and the six buttons on the bottom are

used to send direct commands to the rotor

system.

Running the program the first time.

When the program is run the first time, it creates a file in the directory where the

program is located. The file name is SatEL.ini and it contains a single line: “Comm port 1”.

This is the default serial port that the program expects to use for communicating to the SatEL

controller. During the installation, you will have used a terminal program to test the

communications interface and to determine the correct port number for communicating with the

controller. If it was port 1, you need do nothing more. If not, you will have to edit the SatEL.ini

file. To do so, close AzElControl.exe and, using a simple text editor like Notepad, change the

number in the SatEL.ini file to the value that you previously determined. Do not change

anything else. The AzElControl program is very simple-minded and it just opens this file and

looks for the third word and then interprets that third word as a number. Be sure not to use a

complex editor like MicrosoftWord because, in its normal mode, Word adds many non-

printing characters to a text file. Doing so will confuse the AzElControl.exe program. After you

have edited the SatEL.ini file, run the program again and the program should find the controller

on the correct port and indicate that it has found the controller in the text window.

The rotor control buttons.

Your computer time, corrected to UTC, can be sent to the rotor controller by clicking the

‘Synchronize rotor time with UTC’ button. This assumes that your computer clock is showing

the correct time. There are a number of Windowsprograms which communicate with some

atomic clocks in the USA and set your computer clock appropriately. If you are tracking fast

moving satellites, it might be worthwhile to run one of these programs (there are two such

freeware programs on the CD-ROM in a directory named ‘NIST time finders’) before updating

the controller clock with the ‘Synchronize’ button. The controller clock typically keeps time

accurate to a few seconds per day.

The ‘Show rotor status’ button is probably the one that you will use the most often. It

causes the controller to be interrogated for its status. The controller status is then displayed in

the text window.

The ‘Enable rotor motion’ and ‘Disable rotor motion’ buttons control the automatic

operation of the controller. If rotor motion is disabled, the controller will not move the rotors at

the times they should be moved in response to the stored memory locations. You would want

to disable motion before working on the antennas, for example. In order for automatic

operation to take place, you must re-enable rotor motion.

Preparing satellite pass data using Nova for Windows

You should refer to your Nova for Windowsmanual for general instructions on Nova,

and for detailed instructions on satellite pass data file generation. This description, based on

our Nova for Windows 32 ver. 2.0, assumes you know how to run Nova and that you have it up

and running.

From the pull-down menus, left click on Utilities | Listing. This opens the Satellite Pass

Data window. Click the Setup switch (center bottom) and designate the satellite you want to

track as the “Listing Satellite.” Also assure your location is listed as “Observer #1,” and set the

min and max elevations to 0 and 90, respectively. Near the bottom, check the box “Default to

Indice

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