Texas Instruments TIDA-00204 Manuale utente

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参参考考資資料料

TI Designs: TIDA-00204

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リリソソーースス

TIDA-00204 デザイン・フォルダ

DP83867IR プロダクト・フォルダ

LM46002 プロダクト・フォルダ

AM3359 プロダクト・フォルダ

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TPD4E05U06 プロダクト・フォルダ

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TPD4S012 プロダクト・フォルダ

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特特長長

• EMIおよびEMC規格に準拠した設計で、2つの

DP83867IRギガビット・イーサネットPHYおよび

AM3359 Sitara™プロセッサを使用して広い入力電圧

範囲(17～60V)に対応し、過酷な工業用環境で動作可

能

• CISPR 11/EN55011 Class Aの放射要件を4.3dB

超上回る

• IEC61800-3 EMCの耐性要件を上回る

– ±6kV ESD CD (IEC 61000-4-2)

– ±4kV EFT (IEC 61000-4-4)

– ±2kV サージ(IEC 61000-4-5)

• Sitara AM3359ファームウェアにUDPおよびTCP/IP

スタックと、HTTP Webサーバのサンプルが含まれてお

り、オンボードのSDカードからブートするため、スタンド

アロンで簡単に動作

• USB仮想COMポート経由でDP83867IRレジスタへアク

セスできるため、RGMII遅延モードなど、特定のカスタ

ムPHY構成が可能

•クロック・シンセサイザを使用してシステム・クロックを生

成し、ジッタと、クロックからの位相シフトを低減

アアププリリケケーーシショョンン

•産業用ドライブ

•ファクトリ・オートメーション/制御

•産業用ネットワーク

•試験および測定機器

JTAG/

UART

Micro

24-V to 5-V

DC-DC

Reset

button

Magnetics

Input: 24 V

(17 V to 60 V)

Micro

USB

DDR3

Status LEDs

10/100/1000

Mb/s

Ethernet

PHY1

DP83867IR RJ45

10/100/1000

Mb/s

Ethernet

PHY2

DP83867IR

6LWDUDŒ30,&

DDR3 P/S Gigabit PHY P/S

Port 1

25-MHz clock

24-MHz

clock Host processor

SitaraŒAM3359

Magnetics

Status LEDs

RJ45 Port 2

25-MHz clock

Application firmware

- IPv4 TCP/IP

- UDP

- IP address:

192.168.1.10

- HTTP webserver

example

Clocking

Distribution

Network

CDCE913

25-MHz

clocks

24-MHz

clock

System Description

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使用許可、知的財産、その他免責事項は、最終ページにあるIMPORTANT NOTICE(重要な注意事項）をご参照くださいますようお願いい

たします。英語版のTI製品についての情報を翻訳したこの資料は、製品の概要を確認する目的で便宜的に提供しているものです。該当す

る正式な英語版の最新情報は、www.ti.comで閲覧でき、その内容が常に優先されます。TIでは翻訳の正確性および妥当性につきましては

一切保証いたしません。実際の設計などの前には、必ず最新版の英語版をご参照くださいますようお願いいたします。

1 System Description

This TI design supports dual-port Gigabit Ethernet communication through twisted pair copper cable as

defined in IEEE 802.3ab. It is designed to be evaluated for harsh industrial environment with regards to

standard compliance to CISPR 11 / EN55011 Class A radiated immunity requirements and EMC immunity

requirements for ESD according to 61000-4-2, fast transient burst (EFT) according to IEC61000-4-4, and

surge according to IEC61000-4-5.

The design implements dual-port Gigabit Ethernet using two DP83867IR Gigabit Ethernet PHYs, which

are connected through the Reduced Gigabit Media Independent Interface (RGMII) to AM3359 Sitara

processor with integrated Ethernet MAC and Switch. It offers a wide input voltage range from 17 to 60 V

with nominal 24-V input voltage and meets industrial requirements for EMI and EMC.

For easy standalone operation, the host processor is configured to boot the pre-installed application

firmware from an onboard SD-Card. The application firmware implements a driver for the DP83867IR,

UDP and TCP/IP stack, and HTTP web server examples, based on TI’s SYS/BIOS Industrial SDK and TI’s

Networking Development Kit NDK. A USB virtual COM port offers optional user access to read or write to

DP83867IR registers for custom configurations like RGMII Delay Mode, if required. A JTAG interface on

the AM3359 provides the option for custom software development, test, and debug.

Therefore, this design allows for performance evaluation of two DP83867IR Gigabit Ethernet PHYs and

AM3359 Sitara processor with integrated Ethernet MAC and Switch.

1.1 Key System Specifications

This design allows for performance evaluation of two DP83867IR Gigabit Ethernet PHYs and AM3359

Sitara™ processors with an integrated Ethernet MAC and Switch. It meets industrial requirements for EMI

and EMC, supports industrial temperature grade, and offers a wide input voltage range with a default of

24 V.

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System Description

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To allow for easy standalone operation, the AM3359 Sitara boots the application firmware from SD-Card.

The application firmware implements the driver for the DP83867IR, UDP and TCP/IP stack, and HTTP

web server examples and is based on TI’s SYS/BIOS Industrial SDK. An additional option is provided to

access the DP83867IR Gigabit Ethernet PHY registers through USB virtual COM port. A JTAG interface

option is also provided to allow for custom software development with that board.

表表 1. TIDA-00204 Hardware Specification

FUNCTION INFO SPECIFICATION COMMENT

Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.3ab

Number of ports 2 —

MDI 1000BASE-T (copper) —

MAC interface RGMII —

EMAC and switch Y Integrated with Sitara AM3359

Status LED Y —

IEEE 1588v2 Y Hardware enabled but not

tested

Separate transformer and

RJ45 jack YOption to place protection

diodes on either side of the

magnetics, used for test

purpose

SMI Y (2.5 MHz) —

Configurable PHY address

(SMI) Y Through strap resistors

DP83867IR

Low power 565 mW —

Integrated termination resistors Y —

RGMII Delay Mode on RX/TX Programmable —

Clock 25 MHz (< 50 ppm) —

Power

Input voltage 24 V (17 to 60 V) —

Output voltage 5 V Intermediate voltage

Output current 850 mA (nominal), 1.2 A

(maximum) —

Indicator LED Y For 5 V, 3.3 V and 2.5 V

Point of load for all ICs Y PMIC for AM3359, 3.3 V (I/O),

2.5 V and 1.1 V for PHYs

Standalone operation Boot from SD-Card interface Y —

USB virtual COM port Access to PHY registers Y Read and write operation to

both registers of PHY

supported

JTAG JTAG header Y —

Temperature range Industrial –40°C to 85°C Selected devices support

industrial temperature range

EMI CISPR 11 / EN55011 Class A radiated emissions —

EMC IEC61800-3

IEC61000-4-2 ±4-kV ESD CD,

Criterion B Shielded Ethernet cable

IEC61000-4-4 ±2-kV EFT,

Criterion B Shielded Ethernet cable

IEC61000-4-5 ±1-kV Surge,

Criterion B Shielded Ethernet cable,

min 20 m

表表 2. TIDA-00204 Firmware Specification (AM3359)

FUNCTION INFO SPECIFICATION COMMENT

Boot loader Boot application firmware from SD-Card Y —

DDR3 memory Driver for DDR3 Y —

USB virtual COM port Driver for UART Y —

System Description

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表表 2. TIDA-00204 Firmware Specification (AM3359) (continued)

FUNCTION INFO SPECIFICATION COMMENT

PHY Driver for DP83867IR Y —

RTOS TI SYS/BIOS Y —

UDP and TCP/IP IPv4 protocol support Y Based on TI’s AM335x

industrial SDK and NDK

Fixed IP 192.168.1.10 —

HTTP Web server example Y Based on TI’s AM335x

industrial SDK and NDK

JTAG/

UART

Micro

24-V to 5-V

DC-DC

Reset

button

Magnetics

Input: 24 V

(17 V to 60 V)

Micro

USB

DDR3

Status LEDs

10/100/1000

Mb/s

Ethernet

PHY1

DP83867IR RJ45

10/100/1000

Mb/s

Ethernet

PHY2

DP83867IR

6LWDUDŒ30,&

DDR3 P/S Gigabit PHY P/S

Port 1

25-MHz clock

24-MHz

clock Host processor

SitaraŒAM3359

Magnetics

Status LEDs

RJ45 Port 2

25-MHz clock

Application firmware

- IPv4 TCP/IP

- UDP

- IP address:

192.168.1.10

- HTTP webserver

example

Clocking

Distribution

Network

CDCE913

25-MHz

clocks

24-MHz

clock

Optional access

DP83867IR through

virtual COM port

Boot application

firmware from SD card

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System Overview

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2 System Overview

2.1 Block Diagram

図1shows the system block diagram. The major building blocks are the DP83867IR Gigabit Ethernet

PHY, the AM3359 Sitara Host Processor, and the power supplies.

図図 1. System Block Diagram of TIDA-00204

2.2 Design Considerations

2.2.1 Gigabit Ethernet Overview

Ethernet has heavily expanded usage over the years. Ethernet became an attractive option for industrial

networking applications. The opportunity to use open protocols (such as TCP/IP over Ethernet networks)

help replace proprietary communications in industrial control and factory automation applications. When

using Ethernet, there are several speeds available today: 10 Mb/s, 100 Mb/s (Fast Ethernet), 1000 Mb/s

(Gigabit Ethernet), and 10 Gb/s (10-Gigabit Ethernet).

Gigabit Ethernet uses the extended Ethernet MAC layer interface, connected through a Gigabit Media

Independent Interface (GMII) layer to physical layer entities (PHY sublayers) such as 1000BASE-LX,

1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-CX, and 1000BASE-T. The topology for a 1000-Mb/s full-duplex operation is

comparable to the 100BASE-T full-duplex mode, and the minimum packet transmission time has been

reduced by a factor of ten. The resulting achievable topologies for the half-duplex 1000-Mb/s CSMA/CD

MAC are similar to those found in half duplex 100BASE-T.

MDI_1+

MDI_1-

to RJ45

to PHY 1:1

System Overview

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表表 3. Gigabit Ethernet Standards

IEEE STANDARD NAME MEDIUM

IEEE 802.3ab 1000BASE-T Twisted-pair copper cable

IEEE 802.3z 1000BASE-SX Fiber optic cable

1000BASE-LX Fiber optic cable

1000BASE-CX Twinax

As previously mentioned, this TI Design uses twisted-pair copper cables as defined IEEE 802.3ab.

2.2.2 Gigabit Ethernet PHY Interfaces

2.2.2.1 Medium Dependent Interface: PHY Layer 1000BASE-T

The 1000BASE-T Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS), Physical Medium Attachment (PMA), and baseband

medium specifications are intended for users who want a 1000-Mb/s performance over balanced twisted-

pair cabling systems.

The 1000BASE-T PHY supports full-duplex baseband transmission through four pairs of minimum CAT5

balanced cables. The 1000 Mb/s is achieved by transmitting through four wires pairs, each at 250 Mb/s.

Using hybrids and cancellers enable full duplex transmission by allowing symbols to be transmitted and

received on the same wire pairs at the same time. Baseband signaling with a modulation rate of 125 MBd

is used on each of the wire pairs. The transmitted symbols are selected from a four-dimensional five-level

symbol constellation (4D-PAM5). In the absence of data, idle symbols are transmitted.

The IEEE 802.3 specifies specify that a PHY with a MDI that is not a power interface (PI) should provide

electrical isolation between the port device circuits, including frame ground (if any) and all MDI leads. This

electrical isolation shall withstand at least one of the following electrical strength tests:

• 1500 VRMS at 50 to 60 Hz for 60 s

• 2250-V DC for 60 s

• A sequence of ten 2400-V impulses of alternating polarity, applied at intervals of not less than 1 s

To meet this requirement transformers are typically used for isolation. The typical transformer

configuration for 1000BASE-T can be seen in 図2for a one differential pair.

図図 2. Gigabit Ethernet Transformer (One out of Four Pairs)

Depending on the PHY device, parallel termination might be needed for each of the MDI differential signal

pair. The termination impedance is typically 100 Ωdifferentially. Newer devices like the DP83867IR

include integrated termination so no external termination resistors are required.

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System Overview

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2.2.2.2 Medium Independent Interface: MAC Layer Interface

For the MAC layer interface to the Gigabit PHY, there are three different options defined in the IEEE

802.3ab standard: The standard Media Independent Interface (MII), the GMII, SGMII, or the RGMII.

2.2.2.2.1 GMII

The purpose of GMII is to make various physical media transparent to the MAC layer. The GMII accepts

either GMII or MII data, control, and status signals and routes them either to the 1000BASE-T, 100BASE-

TX, or 10BASE-T modules, respectively.

The GMII provides full-duplex operation and is an 8-bit wide transmit and receive data path interface

clocked at 125 MHz defining speeds up to 1000 Mb/s. GMII is backwards compatible with the MII

specification, thereby supporting 10 (2.5 MHz) and 100 (25 MHz) Mb/s speeds. Data and delimiters are

synchronous to clock references. It also provides a simple management interface.

The transmit signals are GTX_CLK, TX_CLK, TX_D[7:0], TX_EN, and TX_ER. The GTX_CLK signal is

supplied to the PHY when it is operating in Gigabit mode. When this is done, the TX_D, TX_EN, and

TX_ER are synchronized to the GTX_CLK signal. For a 10/100-Mb operation, the TX_CLK is supplied to

the MAC, and the TX_CLK signal is used to synchronize the signals (TX_D, TX_EN, and TX_ER). The

receiver signals are RX_CLK, RX_D[7:0], RX_DV, RX_ER, COL, and CS. The GMII uses in total a

maximum of 25 pins.

2.2.2.2.2 RGMII

The RGMII is designed to reduce the number of pins required to interconnect the MAC and PHY (12 pins

for RGMII relative to 24 pins for GMII). With this optimization, the RGMII consists of 12 signals: 6 signals

for receive, which are RX_CTL, RX_CLK, RX_D[3:0], and 6 for transmit, which are TX_CTL,

TX_CLK,TX_D[3:0]. To accomplish this, the data paths and all associated control signals are reduced and

are multiplexed. Both rising and trailing edges of the clock are used. The TX_CTL and RX_CTL signal

carries data valid (DV) on the rising edge and DV XOR ERROR on the falling edge, for CTL signals there

is no change between 10/100Mb/s or 1000Mb/s operation.

For a Gigabit operation, the GTX_CLK and RX_CLK clocks are 125 MHz, and for 10- and 100-Mb/s

operation, the clock frequencies are 2.5 MHz and 25 MHz, respectively.

2.2.2.2.3 SGMII

The SGMII differs from the GMII and RGMII by having a higher clock frequency and the 8b/10b (SerDes)

coded interface. It uses differential pairs at a 625-MHz clock frequency double data rate (DDR) for TX and

RX data and for TX and RX clock. The transmit and receive path uses one differential pair for data and in

some cases one for clock. TX and RX clocks must be generated on device output but are optional on

device input. With revision 1.8 of the SGMII standard, clock recovery can be used, removing the need for

the clock signal. This means that the SGMII can be a 4- to 8-pin solution.

System Overview

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2.2.2.3 Serial Management Interface

The serial management interface (SMI) consists of a Management Data Clock (MDC) and a Management

Data Input/Output (MDIO) signal. It provides access to the PHY’s internal register space for status

information and configuration. The MDC and MDIO signals can be shared amongst several PHYs due to

the serial communication protocol, where an address is used to identify the corresponding PHY slave. The

MDIO has a standard set of registers from 0 to 31 each containing 16 bits. In IEEE 802ah clause 45, an

extended register set was defined for extra functionality of the PHYs. The SMI is initially specified at a

2.5-MHz clock.

Processor

MAC

Ethernet PHY

IEEE1588 code

(Application layer) 4

Hardware assist

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System Overview

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2.2.3 IEEE 1588v2

Precise time information is important, especially for distributed systems like in factory automation. The

IEEE 1588v2 is an IEEE standard for precision clock synchronization protocol for networked measurement

and control systems. The protocol is used to synchronize the time and clock frequency. It defines a way to

provide sub-microsecond precision synchronization.

To define this synchronization, the start of package detection is needed. Depending on which application

layer this detection happens, the timing error varies. The lower the layer, the smaller the error.

図図 3. Options 1 to 4 for Time Stamp versus Layer

The closer to the PHY the time stamp is set the better the time reference. The time stamp consists of two

signals the Ingress (RX) and Egress (TX) time stamp. Depending on when the time stamp is done, the

delay can vary from nanoseconds to microseconds.

2.3 System Design Theory

2.3.1 Circuit Design and Component Selection

2.3.1.1 DP83867IR 10/100/1000-Mb/s Gigabit Ethernet PHY

The DP83867IR was selected due to following features:

• IEEE 802.3ab 1000BASE-T compliant

• Operating temperature range –40°C to 85°C

• 8-kV IEC 61000-4-2 ESD protection (direct contact)

• RGMII with software (register) programmable and hardware configurable (strap resistors) clock skew

• Integrated termination resistors

• Low power: 565 mW

• SOF detect for IEEE 1588 time stamp

In addition to the above features, the DP83867IR also offers the following features:

• Low deterministic TX and RX latency

• Wake on LAN (WoL)

Strap (GPIO)

VDDIO

RHI

RLO

System Overview

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• Synchronized clock output to synchronize multiple PHYs using one crystal (or clock)

2.3.1.1.1 DP83867IR Gigabit Ethernet PHY Configuration

When configuring the DP83867IR, this can be done using either a SMI or a strap configuration through the

four-level strap pins. A pull-up resistor and a pull-down resistor of suggested values may be used to set

the voltage ratio of the four-level strap pin input and the supply to select one of the possible selected

modes. The device should feature four-level strap pins, each supporting at least four selectable options,

as shown in 図4and 表4. Strap resistors with 1% tolerance are recommended.

図図 4. Strap Circuit

表表 4. Four-Level Strap Resistor Ratios

MODE RESISTOR RHI (kΩ) RESISTOR RLO (kΩ)

1 OPEN OPEN

2 11 2.49

3 6.04 2.49

4 2.49 OPEN

Because this design employs two DP83867IR, the SMI will have two DP83867IR slaves addresses. This

means that the SMI address of the two DP83867IR have to differ to ensure a valid communication. To set

the DP83867IR SMI address a strap configuration option can be used on one DP83867IR to change the

default address from 0x00. In this design, it was chosen to use the pin RX_D4 to set the SMI address, as

this pin is not used for the RGMII.

A strap configuration option was chosen so the RGMII is always enabled to ensure the RGMII is enabled

when as the RX_D6 pin is used as input pin on the AM3359 Sitara processor.

As the clock out option of the device is not used by default, RX_D7 strap configuration option was done to

disable the clock out of the device. This feature is default on if this strap on is not done and if it needs to

be disabled without strap configuration. It would have to be done using the SMI.

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