Texas Instruments CC900DB Manuale utente

SWRU064

User Manual

CC900DB Demonstration Board

Rev. 2.0

SWRU064 2

Table of contents

1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................3

2 CC900DB DEMONSTRATION BOARD...............................................................4

2.1 BEFORE STARTING .................................................................................................4

2.2 DEMONSTRATOR OPERATION.................................................................................4

2.3 SYSTEM PARAMETERS ...........................................................................................5

2.4 CONFIGURATION REGISTER DATA ..........................................................................5

2.5 MICRO-CONTROLLER EEPROM MAPPING.............................................................7

2.6 TROUBLE-SHOOTING..............................................................................................8

3 DEMONSTRATION BOARD SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION.............................9

3.1 SLEEP MODE ..........................................................................................................9

3.2 ACTIVE MODE........................................................................................................ 9

3.3 DATA PACKET DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................9

3.4 DATA PACKET PROTOCOL .................................................................................... 10

3.5 DATA RECEPTION.................................................................................................11

3.6 DATA DECODER ALGORITHM ...............................................................................11

4 DEMONSTRATION BOARD HARDWARE DESCRIPTION .........................12

4.1 RF-SECTION......................................................................................................... 12

4.1.1 The loop filter...............................................................................................12

4.1.2 IF filter......................................................................................................... 12

4.1.3 The modulation input/output........................................................................12

4.1.4 LNA/PA matching ........................................................................................13

4.1.5 The Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)...................................................13

4.1.6 The crystal oscillator ...................................................................................13

4.1.7 The antenna..................................................................................................13

4.2 CONTROLLER SECTION.........................................................................................14

4.2.1 RC oscillator ................................................................................................ 14

4.2.2 Micro-controller I/O .................................................................................... 14

4.2.3 In system programming................................................................................15

4.3 LAYOUT SKETCHES AND CIRCUIT DRAWINGS ....................................................... 16

4.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ...............................................................................................18

4.5 BILL OF MATERIALS............................................................................................. 19

5 USING THE DEMONSTRATOR BOARD AS A PROTOTYPE MODULE...20

SWRU064 3

1Introduction

The CC900 single chip RF transceiver includes many features and great flexibility,

which makes the chip suitable for a very large number of applications and system

requirements. The CC900DB Demonstration Board is designed to demonstrate how the

CC900 chip can be used in a simple two-way remote control. Full documentation is

provided for this module, including schematic, layout and micro-controller code, this

design will be a starting point and make it very easy for the user to evaluate transceiver

performance, and in a short time develop his own applications based on this reference

design.

The kit includes two CC900DB Demonstration Boards with a complete CC900

transceiver, micro-controller, integrated PCB antenna and battery. The Demonstration

Boards are pre-programmed to serve as a simple demonstrator. By pushing the “ON”

button, the device will be awakened. Both modules should be awaked before a

transmission takes place. A transmission is initiated by pushing the “TX” button. A

blinking sequence of approximately 2 seconds duration is then transmitted and shown on

the receivers LED. The same “message” is returned from the receiver to the initial

transmitter and shown on its LED as an “acknowledge”. The modules will enter sleep

mode after being left without operation for one minute.

Technical features:

-10 dBm RF power

Up to 30-meter range (depending on antenna orientation)

Small integrated shorted-stub antenna

<1uA power-down current in sleep mode

3.6V Lithium battery supply (~1000mAh)

SmartRF®Studio makes it possible to reconfigure the CC900DB system parameters by

inserting the Demonstration Board into the CC900EB Evaluation Board edge connector.

It is also possible to upgrade the Demonstration Board with new micro-controller

program code from SmartRF®Studio, see the SmartRF®Studio user manual for details.

The CC900DB is also designed to work together with the Atmel AVR micro-controller

STK500 development board, the in-system programmer ATAVRISP or similar. At the

rear side of the board there is a 10 pin connector foot-print which fits a 10-pin ISP cable.

This user manual describes how to use the Demonstration Board and how to use it to

develop your own applications. You will also find a detailed description of the circuit

board and the micro-controller code.

All available documentation can be downloaded from our web site. That includes:

CC900DB User Manual (this document)

CC900DB micro-controller code and configuration data

CC900 data sheet

SWRU064 4

2CC900DB Demonstration Board

2.1 Before starting

The CC900DB runs on a 3.6V Lithium battery. If the battery is not mounted and

soldered to the board, insert the battery at the rear side of the board. Observe the LED. If

the LED is turned on continuously, push the “ON” button. For proper operation the LED

shall be pulsing with a period of approximately one second. If not, remove the battery

shortly and reconnect. The battery terminals should be soldered for proper operation.

Important: Be sure not to short-circuit the battery terminals during soldering or at any

point of use.

Before using the CC900DB: The use of radio transceivers is regulated by international

and national rules. Before transmitting a RF signal, please contact your local

telecommunication authorities to check if you are licensed to operate the transceiver.

2.2 Demonstrator operation

The CC900DB demonstrate a very simple two-way remote control system.

To “wake” the module from power-down mode, simply press the “ON” button for a

short time. The LED will then start blinking with a period of approximately 1 second.

This is the “heart-beat” that shows the module is operating. During the short time the

LED is lit, the module is in active receive mode, and listens for a data packet. If a data

packet is not found, it goes to a “rest” mode for approximately 1 second. Hence, the

module listens for a data packet every second. This polled receiver algorithm is

implemented in order to save battery power.

Both modules should be enabled before a successful transmission can take place. A

transmission is initiated by pushing the “TX” button. A data packet of approximately 1.5

second duration is then transmitted. The data packet consists of a long pre-amble and a

short data field. The preamble is longer that 1 second to ensure that the transmission

intercepts with the polled receiver.

The data packet transmitted consists of a blinking sequence of approximately 2 seconds

duration, and will be shown on the receiver’s LED if the data packet was received free

or errors. The same “message” with an acknowledgement flag is then returned from the

receiver to the initial transmitter. Again, the blinking sequence will be shown on the

LED as a receipt acknowledge.

SWRU064 5

The modules will enter sleep mode after being left without operation for about one

minute. The CC900 and the micro-controller are then in power-down mode, ensuring

minimum power consumption.

The timing diagram below illustrates a packet transmission sequence when the

transmission is initiated from device number 2.

2.3 System parameters

The system parameters used to generate the configuration data for the CC900DB is

shown below. This is a printout from the SmartRF®Studio software.

System parameters:

X-tal frequency: 12.000000 MHz

X-tal accuracy: +/- 25 ppm

RF frequency: 868.300 MHz

IF stage: 200 kHz

Frequency separation: 40 kHz

Data rate: 1.2 kbps

Power amplifier class: Class AB

RF output power: -10 dBm

Mode: RX

Receiver mode: Optimum sensitivity

LOCK indicator: Continuous

VCO gain: 100

2.4 Configuration register data

Based on the system parameters referred above, the following configuration data is

generated. This is a printout from the SmartRF®Studio software.

DEVICE 1

DEVICE 2

Receiver polling

Devices are active for two

minutes until time-out

Initial

trans-

mission

Message

shown on

receiver LED

LED (ACK)

RX LED TX ACK

TX RX

Ack.

trans-

mission

Acknowledge

shown on

receiver LED

Sleep

mode

SWRU064 6

RX mode:

Frame Addr/Data (hex)

A 006A

B 2B0B

C 4841

D 6033

E 8900

F BA00

G CB6C

H E072

TX mode:

Frame Addr/Data (hex)

A 086A

B 2B0B

C 4841

D 608F

E 8914

F BA00

G CB6C

H E072

PD osc. on mode:

Frame Addr/Data (hex)

A 186A

B 2B0B

C 4841

D 6033

E 8900

F BA00

G CB6C

H E072

PD osc. off mode:

Frame Addr/Data (hex)

A 186A

B 2B0B

C 4851

D 6033

E 8900

F BA00

G CB6C

H E042

SWRU064 7

RX Precharge mode:

Frame AddrData (hex)

A 006A

B 2B0B

C 4841

D 6033

E 8900

F BA00

G CB6C

H E27A

In this application we have decided to use RX Precharge, RX, TX and PD osc. off

modes. Shown in bold in the listing above is the configuration data that is used, and

stored in the micro-controller EEPROM.

Note: The frame address is combined with the data to get a two-byte word consisting of

the 3 address bits (as MSBs) and the 13 data bits (as LSBs). The combined value is

shown in these listings.

2.5 Micro-controller EEPROM mapping

The CC900 configuration data are stored in the micro-controller EEPROM. The

following map shows the data location. To customise the module for a different

frequency or power level, the EEPROM data can be replaced by new values found using

the SmartRF®Studio software.

EEPROM

Address (hex)

Data (hex) Reference

00 086A TX frame A

02 2B0B TX frame B

04 4841 TX frame C

06 608F TX frame D

08 8914 TX frame E

0A BA00 TX frame F

0C CB6C TX frame G

0E E072 TX frame H

10 E072 RX frame H

12 006A RX PC frame A

14 2B0B RX PC frame B

16 4841 RX PC frame C

18 6033 RX PC frame D

1A 8900 RX PC frame E

1C BA00 RX PC frame F

1E CB6C RX PC frame G

20 E27A RX PC frame H

22 186A PD (osc. Off) frame A

24 4851 PD (osc. Off) frame C

SWRU064 8

2.6 Trouble-shooting

If the module does not operate as described in this document, try the following.

Problem Possible solution

LED is continuously on Push the “ON” button once more. If this

does not work, reset the micro-controller

(see below).

LED does not start blinking after “ON” is

pressed

Check battery voltage. If less than 2.7 Volt,

replace battery. Only replace with a battery

of the same type.

If battery voltage is OK, reset the micro-

controller (see below).

Receiver does not receive packet from

closely located transmitter.

Use a Spectrum Analyser at 868.3 MHz to

check the module during transmission.

Connect the analyser to the external antenna

connector foot-print and measure the output

power and frequency using the “max hold”

function. The output power shall be

approximately –10 dBm with a peak at 868,3

MHz +/-10kHz.

Test the receiver the same way in transmit

mode.

The micro-controller can be reset by shorting the reset line to ground for a short

moment. The reset line is located at the edge connector pin 6. Ground is pin 1. The

orientation mark is between pin 2 and 3.

SWRU064 9

3Demonstration Board software description

The demonstration board software is implemented in assembly and runs on the Atmel

AVR 8-bit micro-controller ATtiny12L.

The micro-controller handles the CC900 configuration, data encoding and decoding

using Manchester code, and implements a simple packet protocol.

A program listing with the assembly source code is available for reference and can be

used as a starting point for your own applications using the AVR series of controllers

from Atmel.

3.1 Sleep mode

When the CC900DB is left inactive for approximately one minute the CC900 is set to

power down mode, and the controller goes to “sleep”. The controller is awaked by an

interrupt signal at INT1 (pin 6).

In sleep mode the current consumption is less than 1 µA.

3.2 Active mode

In active mode the CC900 is used for receive polling. Once every second the CC900 is

set to RX mode, and the micro-controller starts searching for a preamble. The micro-

controller reads two data bits, if these are not Manchester coded 1’s, the CC900 is set to

power down mode again. The LED is lit during the pre-amble search and will appear as

a “heartbeat” signal.

In active mode the “TX” button input (PB2) is also monitored. If this line is pulled low

by the push button, the micro-controller will configure the CC900 to TX mode, and send

a predefined data packet at the DIO line (PB1), before returning to receiver polling.

3.3 Data packet description

The data packet consists of a pre-amble, a start-of-frame (SOF), and a data field.

The pre-amble is a train of ‘1’s. The train is longer than 1 second in order to ensure that

it intercept with a polled receiver.

The SOF consists of two consecutive ‘0’s. The SOF marks the end of the preamble, and

the start of the actual data.

The data field consists of ID (identification), TYPE (packet type) and DATA (user data,

3 bytes). No FEC (forward error correction) or CRC (cyclic redundancy check) is used

in order to keep it as simple as possible.

SWRU064 10

The ID is intended to be used for unique identification of different modules. However,

this is not exploited in this software revision. All modules are addressed using the public

address (0x00).

The TYPE is used to separate between an original message (0x00) and an acknowledge

(0x01).

The 3 DATA bytes are used to code the blinking sequence. Every bit represents a 0.1

seconds period approximately.

No end of packet is implemented.

The data packet is shown in the figure below.

Preamble SOF ID TYPE DATA1 DATA2 DATA3

The figure below shows the symbol coding and an example of a packet with the pre-

amble, data and SOF timing.

Preamble for >1 second SOF

Data field:

ID, TYPE, DATA1,2,3

Preamble (synch symbol):

SOF, start of frame:

Data symbols (Manchester code): 1= 0=

3.4 Data transmission protocol

The data transmission protocol is very simple, only using packet acknowledgement.

When a data package is received without errors, the packet type is checked. If it is an

original message, it is shown on the LED, and an acknowledgement is sent as a reply.

However, if it is an acknowledgement packet that is received, the message is only shown

on the LED without any reply.

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