Texas Instruments TPSF12C1EVM-FILTER Manuale utente

EVM User's Guide: TPSF12C1EVM-FILTER

Active EMI Filter Evaluation Module for Single-Phase AC

Power Systems

Description

The TPSF12C1EVM-FILTER evaluation module

(EVM) is specifically designed to validate the

performance of the TPSF12C1 power-supply filter

IC. The active EMI filter (AEF) helps to improve

the common-mode (CM) electromagnetic interference

(EMI) signature in single-phase AC power systems by

amplification of the effective Y-capacitance value.

Get Started

1. Order the TPSF12C1EVM-FILTER EVM

2. Study this EVM user's guide and PCB layout files

3. Use the TPSF12C1 quickstart calculator to assist

with EMI filter design and component selection

4. Prior to connecting the power stage, test the

active filter circuit with a low-voltage signal source

5. Connect the filter to an AC-input power stage and

verify the INJ voltage swing is within limits

6. Measure the total (DM and CM) EMI signature

and use a splitter to isolate the CM contribution

Features

• Improved CM EMI performance for applications

with single-phase AC input

– Voltage-sense, current-inject AEF topology

presents low shunt impedance by amplifying

the effective value of Y-capacitance

• Up to 30 dB reduction in the CM EMI

signature from 100 kHz to 3 MHz

– A higher effective Y-capacitance enables a

reduction in CM choke size, weight and cost

• Simple configuration for single-phase AC systems

– Integrated sensing filter and summing network

– Low Y-capacitor line-frequency leakage current

to chassis ground maintains safety

– Simplified compensation network

• Inherent protection features for reliable design

– Withstands 6-kV+ surge with minimal external

component count

• Helps meet IEC 61000-4-5 surge immunity

system-level specification

• Integrated SENSE input surge protection

– Wide VDD supply voltage range of 8 V to 16 V

• Undervoltage lockout (UVLO) set to turn on

and off at 7.7 V and 6.7 V, respectively

• The EVM includes a high-PSRR LDO for

step-down regulation to 12 V (if needed)

– 175°C thermal shutdown protection

– Integrated VDD-to-EN pullup allows use of an

open-drain/collector device for disable function

• Fully assembled, tested and proven two-layer PCB

design with 5" × 3" (127 mm × 76 mm) total area

Applications

•On-board charger for BEVs and PHEVs

•Power delivery – high-density server rack PSUs

•Welders and other industrial systems

•Telecom AC/DC rectifiers

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Active EMI Filter Evaluation Module for Single-Phase AC Power Systems 1

1 Evaluation Module Overview

1.1 Introduction

The TPSF12C1EVM-FILTER evaluation module (EVM) is designed to conveniently evaluate the performance

of the TPSF12C1 active filter IC. The EVM helps to improve the CM EMI signature in single-phase AC power

systems.

The TPSF12C1 provides a low shunt impedance path for CM noise in the frequency range of interest for EMI

measurement and helps to meet prescribed limits for EMI standards, such as:

• CISPR 11, EN 55011 – Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) applications

• CISPR 25, EN 55025 – Automotive applications

• CISPR 32, EN 55032 – Multimedia applications

Enabling up to 30 dB of CM noise reduction at the lower end of specified frequency ranges (for example, 100

kHz to 3 MHz) significantly reduces the footprint, volume, weight and cost of the CM filter implementation,

especially the CM choke components that are designed to attenuate lower-order harmonics – and hence are

large size. The TPSF12C1 senses the high-frequency noise on each power line using two Y-rated sense

capacitors and injects a noise-canceling current back into the power lines using a Y-rated inject capacitor. The

GND terminal of the EVM requires a direct, low-inductance connection to the chassis ground or Earth terminal of

the filter circuit.

1.2 Kit Contents

• A complete filter board (EVM) rated at 10 A, including the TPSF12C1 active EMI filter IC

• EVM Disclaimer Read Me

• High Voltage Read Me

1.3 Specifications

Table 1-1 lists the EVM specifications. The input accepts 120 VAC or 240 VAC standard single-phase mains

supply voltages. VVDD = 12 V, unless otherwise indicated.

Table 1-1. Electrical Performance Specifications

PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT

INPUT CHARACTERISTICS – EMI FILTER BOARD

Filter input voltage, VAC 85 240 265 VRMS

Filter rated current, IAC 10 ARMS

INPUT CHARACTERISTICS – TPSF12C1 AEF IC

VDD supply voltage, VVDD (1) 8 12 16

VVDD UVLO turn-on threshold, VVDD(on) VVDD rising 7.7

VDD UVLO turn-off threshold, VVDD(off) VVDD falling 6.7

VDD supply current, enabled, IVDD(on) EN open or tied high 12.5 mA

VDD supply current, disabled, IVDD(off) EN tied to GND 50 µA

OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS – TPSF12C1 AEF IC

Inject voltage, VINJ (2) 2.5 VVDD – 2 V

Inject current, IINJ VVDD = 8 V to 16 V –80 80 mA

SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS

Common-mode EMI reduction(3) 150 kHz to 1 MHz 20 dB

Ambient temperature, TA–40 85 °C

IC junction temperature, TJ–40 150

(1) The nominal VDD supply voltage (relative to chassis GND) of the TPSF12C1 is 12 V.

(2) Verify that the INJ pin voltage swing is between the prescribed limits to avoid saturation and clipping.

(3) The expected EMI reduction with this EVM is up to 30 dB (with the TPSF12C1 enabled vs. disabled) when swept from 100 kHz

to 3 MHz. This performance metric can change based on the VDD supply voltage, passive filter component values, active circuit

compensation and damping component values, ambient temperature, and other parameters.

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1.4 Device Information

CM filters for both commercial (Class A) and residential (Class B) environments typically have limited Y-

capacitance due to touch-current safety requirements and, thus require large-sized CM chokes to achieve the

requisite attenuation; ultimately resulting in filter designs with bulky, heavy and expensive passive components.

The deployment of active filter circuits enable more compact filters for next-generation power conversion

systems.

The EVM, a practical filter circuit realization for a single-phase power system, showcases the EMI performance

improvement or size reduction achievable with the TPSF12C1, a single-phase power-supply filter IC.

The circuit advantages summarize as:

1. Simple filter structure – with wide operating frequency range and high stability margins

2. Reduced CM choke size – for lower volume, weight and cost. This also enables much less copper loss and

better high-frequency performance due to lower choke self-parasitics and higher self-resonant frequency

3. No additional magnetic components – only uses Y-rated sense and inject capacitors with minimal impact to

peak touch current (measured according to IEC 60990)

4. Enhanced safety – using a low-voltage AEF IC referenced to chassis ground

5. Standalone AEF IC implementation – enables maximum flexibility in terms of placement near the filter

components

6. Surge immunity – robust to line voltage surges to meet IEC 61000-4-5 (with appropriate voltage clamping

internal or external to the IC).

Note

The damping and compensation component values included with this EVM can require modification

if the passive filter components (the CM chokes in particular) are changed. Refer to the TPSF12C1

Standalone Active EMI Filter for Common-mode Noise Mitigation in Single-Phase AC Automotive

Power Systems data sheet and TPSF12C1 quickstart calculator for additional guidance pertaining to

AEF circuit operation and loop gain, passive component selection and expected EMI performance.

CAUTION

Hot surface. Contact can cause burns. Do not touch.

CAUTION

High Voltage. Risk of electric shock.

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Active EMI Filter Evaluation Module for Single-Phase AC Power Systems 3

General Texas Instruments High Voltage Evaluation (TI HV EVM) User Safety Guidelines

WARNING

Always follow TI's set-up and application instructions, including use of all interface components within their

recommended electrical rated voltage and power limits. Always use electrical safety precautions to help ensure

your personal safety and those working around you. Contact TI's Product Information Center http://ti.com/

customer support for further information.

Save all warnings and instructions for future reference.

WARNING

Failure to follow warnings and instructions can result in personal injury, property damage or death

due to electrical shock and burn hazards.

The term TI HV EVM refers to an electronic device typically provided as an open framed, unenclosed printed

circuit board assembly. It is intended strictly for use in development laboratory environments, solely for qualified

professional users having training, expertise and knowledge of electrical safety risks in development and

application of high voltage electrical circuits. Any other use and/or application are strictly prohibited by Texas

Instruments. If you are not suitably qualified, then immediately stop from further use of the HV EVM.

1. Work Area Safety:

a. Keep work area clean and orderly.

b. Qualified observers must be present anytime circuits are energized.

c. Effective barriers and signage must be present in the area where the TI HV EVM and the interface

electronics are energized, indicating operation of accessible high voltages can be present, for the

purpose of protecting inadvertent access.

d. All interface circuits, power supplies, evaluation modules, instruments, meters, scopes, and other related

apparatus used in a development environment exceeding 50Vrms/75VDC must be electrically located

within a protected Emergency Power Off EPO protected power strip.

e. Use stable and non-conductive work surface.

f. Use adequately insulated clamps and wires to attach measurement probes and instruments. No

freehand testing whenever possible.

2. Electrical Safety:

a. As a precautionary measure, a good engineering practice is to assume that the entire EVM has fully

accessible and active high voltages.

b. De-energize the TI HV EVM and all the inputs, outputs and electrical loads before performing any

electrical or other diagnostic measurements. Revalidate that TI HV EVM power has been safely de-

energized.

c. With the EVM confirmed de-energized, proceed with required electrical circuit configurations, wiring,

measurement equipment hook-ups and other application needs, while still assuming the EVM circuit and

measuring instruments are electrically live.

d. Once EVM readiness is complete, energize the EVM as intended.

WARNING

While the EVM is energized, never touch the EVM or the electrical circuits, as the ciruits can

be at high voltages capable of causing electrical shock hazard.

3. Personal Safety

a. Wear personal protective equipment e.g. latex gloves or safety glasses with side shields or protect EVM

in an adequate lucent plastic box with interlocks from accidental touch.

Limitation for safe use:

EVMs are not to be used as all or part of a production unit.

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2 Hardware

2.1 EVM Description

The TPSF12C1EVM-FILTER can be used for evaluation and for system development of an EMI filter circuit and

application. Figure 2-1 presents typical schematics of equivalent single-phase passive and active filter designs –

with the active circuit component values corresponding to this EVM. Terminals designated L, N and PE refer to

live, neutral and protective earth, respectively. Comparing the passive and active circuits in this example, the CM

inductance of chokes LCM1 and LCM2 reduces from 12 mH to 2 mH by virtue of the higher effective Y-capacitance

with AEF.

CG1

IGND

VDD

INJ

COMP1

SENSE1A

SENSE2A

COMP2

REFGND

CINJ

CSEN1

CSEN2

LCM1 LCM2

AC/DC

regulator

Chassis

CG2

CD1

RD2

CD2

RD3

CD3

CVDD

12 V

RD1

RD1A

SENSE1B

SENSE2B

source

TPSF12C1

CY3 CY4

DINJ

LCM1 LCM2

AC/DC

regulator

Chassis

source

CY3 CY4

CY5 CY6

4-6 times

lower

inductance

4-6 times

lower

inductance

Passive filter circuit

Active filter circuit

CX2 CX3

CX1

CX2 CX3

CX1

CY1 CY2

12 mH

2.2 F

2.2 nF

4.7 nF

680 pF 680 pF

2.2 F2.2 F

2.2 nF 2.2 nF 2.2 nF 2.2 nF 2.2 nF

12 mH

2 mH

2.2 F

2.2 nF

2.2 F2.2 F

2.2 nF 2.2 nF 2.2 nF

2 mH

Figure 2-1. Passive and Active Filter Schematics

The AEF circuit uses a capacitive multiplier circuit in place of the two Y-capacitors normally placed between

the CM chokes in a conventional two-stage passive filter design. The TPSF12C1 senses the high-frequency

CM disturbance on the two power lines using two Y-rated sense capacitors and injects a noise-canceling

current back into the power lines using a Y-rated inject capacitor. The X-capacitor placed between the two

CM chokes provides a low-impedance path between the power lines from a CM standpoint, typically up to

low-MHz frequencies. This allows current injection onto one power line (neutral in this case) using only one inject

capacitor.

Acting as a complete filter with features such as surge immunity protection and X-capacitor resistive discharge,

the EVM uses a recommended PCB layout to minimize the overall noise signature and required board area. If

required, the user can add external components for inrush limiting and fuse protection.

2.2 Setup

Figure 2-2 shows a typical EMI measurement setup. A line impedance stabilization network (LISN) in series with

each supply line enables measurement of the total EMI that includes DM and CM propagation components. A

splitter/combiner can be used to extract the DM and CM noise signatures from the total noise measurement.

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Active EMI Filter Evaluation Module for Single-Phase AC Power Systems 5

Load

DM loop area

CM loop area

VCM

–

iDM

–VDM

Ground Reference Plane

iDM

iCM

iCM /2

CM loop

EMI

filter

AC/DC

switching

regulator

(EMI source)

VOUT+

VOUT–

LISN

EMI

receiver

LISN

Chassis

Y caps

tied to

chassis

GND

Chassis bonded

to the GND plane

VSW The load may

be floating or

tied to chassis

GND for safety

LISNs are

bonded to the

GND plane

VDM = V1– V2

VCM = V1+ V2

Figure 2-2. EMI Measurement Setup for a Single-Phase System

The AC/DC regulator has internal high-dv/dt switching nodes that can capacitively couple CM noise to the

chassis. As such, verifying the Y-capactiors in the EMI filter are closely referenced to the chassis is imperative,

as illustrated in Figure 2-2. The Y-capacitors can then return the CM noise current back to the noise source in

a tight conduction loop. Otherwise, the noise current can flow in the reference ground plane back to the LISNs,

rendering the EMI filter less effective.

Figure 2-3 shows the recommended setup to evaluate the performance of the TPSF12C1 with a power stage

connected.

VDD

COMP1

COMP2

IGND

INJ

REFGND

SENSE1A

SENSE1B

SENSE2A

SENSE2B

AC Mains

Chassis (PE)

Interleaved boost PFC

To enable the IC, leave EN open or

connect it to VDD using a jumper

Chassis-referred VDD bias supply = 12 V

CSEN2 CINJ

CSEN1

S2 S1 INJ VDD

CY3 CY4

CX2 CX3

CX1

LCM1

= AC/DC regulator

= Single-phase AEF IC

= Y-rated sense and inject capacitors

= 6-pin header

CY1 CY2

Chassis

(PE)

Chassis (PE)

Filter board EVM with AEF

TPSF12C1

RD1A

RD1

RD3

CD3

CD1

CD2

RD2

CG1

CG2

Dual

LISN

GND

= Dual LISN for EMI measurement

LCM2

LISNs bonded

to the Ground

Reference

Plane for EMI

measurement

2.2 mH2.2 mH

2.2 F 2.2 F

2.2 F

2.2 nF 2.2 nF

2.2 nF 2.2 nF 4.7 nF

680 pF 680 pF

CVDD

Figure 2-3. EVM Setup Schematic for High-Voltage Testing with AC/DC Power Stage Connected

A two-phase interleaved boost PFC topology in Figure 2-3 represents a typical single-phase AC/DC regulator

and is drawn for illustrative purposes. The setup is essentially agnostic to regulator topology.

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Meanwhile, Figure 2-4 shows a schematic that is designed for low-voltage testing of the active filter design,

including insertion loss measurement and EMI performance characterization. This facilitates an easy and

convenient verification of the active filter circuit prior to connection to a high-voltage switching regulator. A good

signal source and coupling capacitor provide CM excitation that mimics the CM noise source voltage and noise

source impedance related to the switch-node behavior of an actual power stage.

VDD

COMP1

COMP2

IGND

INJ

REFGND

SENSE1A

SENSE1B

SENSE2A

SENSE2B

Chassis (PE)

To enable the IC, leave EN open

Chassis-referred VDD bias power = 12 V

CSEN2 CINJ

CSEN1

S2 S1 INJ VDD

CY3 CY4

CX2 CX3

CX1

LCM1

= Single-phase AEF IC

= Y-rated sense and inject capacitors

= 6-pin header

CY1 CY2

Chassis

(PE)

Chassis (PE)

Filter board EVM with AEF

TPSF12C1

RD1A

RD1

RD3

CD3

CD1

CD2

RD2

CG1

CG2

Dual

LISN

GND

= Dual LISN for EMI measurement

LCM2

LISNs bonded

to the Ground

Reference

Plane for EMI

measurement

2.2 mH2.2 mH

2.2 F 2.2 F

2.2 F

2.2 nF 2.2 nF

2.2 nF 2.2 nF 4.7 nF

680 pF 680 pF

CVDD

CSRC

1 nF

Square-wave

CM excitation source

5 V pk-pk, 100 kHz

22% duty cycle

L’

N’

Figure 2-4. EVM Setup Schematic for Low-Voltage Testing

2.3 Header Information

Table 2-1, Table 2-2 and Table 2-3 detail the various signal headers installed on the EVM. In addition, SMB jacks

designated J2, J3 and J4 on the PCB facilitate oscillator signal injection and frequency sweep for measurement

of filter insertion loss or attenuation.

Header J1 specifically provides connections to the low-voltage side of the sense capacitors (corresponding to

the SENSE pins of the TPSF12C1), the low-voltage side of the inject capacitor, the IC bias power supply (VDD

and GND pins), which is set between 8 V and 16 V, and a remote enable (EN) signal.

Table 2-1. J1 Header Connections

POSITION(1) LABEL DESCRIPTION

1 EN Enable input – leave open or tie high to enable the IC; tie to GND to disable

2 VDD Supply voltage connection – connect to a 12-V bias power supply referenced to GND(2)

3 INJ Low-voltage terminal of the Y-rated inject capacitor, C10. Also connects to the AEF damping network

4 GND Ground – connect to the chassis ground of the system with a direct, low-inductance connection

5 S1 Low-voltage terminal of sense capacitor, C9. Also connects to the SENSE1A and SENSE1B pins of the IC

6 S2 Low-voltage terminal of sense capacitor, C8. Also connects to the SENSE2A and SENSE2B pins of the IC

(1) Pin positions of header J1 are designated right to left when viewed from the top side of the EVM.

(2) Working at an ESD-protected workstation, verify that any wrist straps, bootstraps or mats are connected and referencing the user to

earth ground before power is applied to the EVM.

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Active EMI Filter Evaluation Module for Single-Phase AC Power Systems 7

Table 2-2. J7 Header Connections

POSITION LABEL DESCRIPTION

1 VDD Connect a low-noise external source (8 V to 16 V) between the VDD and GND terminals

2 GND Connected by a trace on the PCB to GND

3 LDO Connect an external source (maximum 36 V) between the LDO and GND terminals to supply the on-board

LDO that outputs a regulated 12 V to VDD

Table 2-3. J8 Header Connections

POSITION LABEL DESCRIPTION

1 ON Connected by a trace on the PCB to VDD

2 EN Jumper EN to ON or OFF to enable and disable the TPSF12C1, respectively

3 OFF Connected by a trace on the PCB to GND

2.4 EVM Performance Validation

1. Apply a bias supply voltage of 8 V to 16 V (nominal 12 V, with ripple voltage less than 20 mV peak-to-peak)

between the VDD and GND terminals of J7. Probe the INJ terminal at header J1 with respect to GND; it

should operate at a DC voltage of VVDD/2 and have no AC perturbations that indicate instability. The VDD

current consumption should be approximately 12 mA.

2. The user should perform low-voltage testing prior to connection to a high-voltage power stage. To provide

CM excitation, connect a 5-V peak-to-peak square-wave source from a function generator on the regulator-

side power connector J6, as shown in Figure 2-4. A 1-nF capacitor in series with the source emulates a

practical CM noise source impedance.

• Using the CM excitation source, verify the dynamic voltage range of the TPSF12C1 INJ pin. Ensure that

the INJ pin voltage relative to GND operates in a window between 2.5 V and VVDD – 2 V.

3. Connect a LISN on the input side at J5 and measure the EMI with AEF disabled (EN jumpered to OFF at

J8) to benchmark the existing passive filter. The bottom terminal of inject capacitor can be shorted to GND

when AEF is disabled by tying the INJ terminal of J1 to GND. This emulates the Y-capacitor connection in an

equivalent passive filter design.

4. Remove the pulldown short on the inject capacitor and enable the AEF circuit by allowing the EN to float

high. Repeat the EMI measurement, thus quantifying the EMI reduction related to AEF circuit operation.

5. In a similar fashion (but with the LISN replaced by a 50-Ω load connecting from L and N to GND), perform a

comparison of filter insertion loss performance using a suitable network analyzer. SMB jacks J2, J3 and J4

on the EVM facilitate signal injection, reference measurement and test measurement, respectively.

6. Using high-voltage safety precautions, connect the switching power stage as shown in Figure 2-3.

Depopulate components R1, R2 and C20 to maximize the clearance spacing from high-voltage nodes to

ground adjacent the SMB jacks. Turn the regulator ON and perform EMI measurements with AEF enabled

and disabled, similar to the procedure outlined in steps 3 and 4 above.

7. Turn the regulator OFF. Wait for all high-voltage capacitors to fully discharge.

8. Power down the IC and remove the VDD supply.

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2.5 AEF Design Flow

Follow these steps to design an active filter circuit:

1. Quickstart Calculator – Use the TPSF12C1 quickstart calculator as a convenient starting point. See Figure

2-5 for illustration.

Figure 2-5. Quickstart Calculator With CM Choke Impedance, Loop Gain and Insertion Loss Plots

Typical steps to complete the quickstart calculator are as follows:

• Choose the core material for the CM chokes – the primary choices being nanocrystalline (NC) or ferrite.

NC chokes are preferable for active filter designs given their higher permeability (and thus fewer winding

turns), broader impedance characteristic over frequency, more damped impedance behavior with softer

phase transition, and better stability over temperature.

• Define the CM choke impedances – two options are available:

– Measure the CM impedance magnitude and phase vs. frequency using a network analyzer. Paste the

data directly into the calculator file.

– Enter the behavioral model parameters for each choke based on (a) a parallel LRC circuit for a ferrite

choke (LCM || RPAR || CPAR), or (b) a ladder network for an NC choke consisting of three parallel RL

circuits connected in series along with a parasitic capacitance across the total network. An equivalent

circuit model is the most convenient option if the choke data sheet includes the CM impedance data.

• Enter values for the grid-side and regulator-side Y-capacitors, sense capacitors and inject capacitor.

• Enter values for source impedance of the grid supply and the noise source. Select from a drop-down

menu if a LISN (50 µH or 5 µH) is installed.

• Review the AEF loop gain plot for stability based on the calculated component values for the damping

network. Adjust the damping network values to ensure the phase does not reach –180° at the resonant

frequencies (when the gain is positive). Refer to the TPSF12C1 data sheet for guidance on component

selection. Check the insertion loss plots with AEF enabled and disabled.

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Active EMI Filter Evaluation Module for Single-Phase AC Power Systems 9

2. Circuit Simulation – Avail of PSPICE or SIMPLIS simulation models for the TPSF12C1 device. Use such

models along with prepared test benches to investigate the operation of the complete active filter circuit.

See the SIMPLIS schematic in Figure 2-6 as an example. Perform both time-domain and frequency-domain

analyses as required.

Figure 2-6. SIMPLIS Simulation Schematic of an Active Filter Circuit Using the TPSF12C1

Note that the CM choke model schematics are not shown above. If the choke model equivalent circuit

parameters are defined in the quickstart calculator, transfer them directly to the simulation model as needed.

3. Low-Voltage Tests – Validate the filter design at low voltage prior to connecting to the switching regulator.

This is a relatively easy step to confirm various aspect of the design, including filter stability, insertion loss,

voltage swing on the INJ pin, and EMI performance with CM signal excitation. See Figure 2-4 and refer to

tests 4 through 7 described in Section 2.4.

• Insertion loss – measure with 50-Ω source and load impedances.

• Apply a CM excitation signal with a function generator.

– Check the dynamic voltage range of the INJ pin (TPSF12C1 pin 13).

– Measure the EMI (CM only, there is no DM propagation in this test).

4. High-Voltage Tests – Validate the filter design while connected to the switching regulator. See Figure 2-3

and refer to tests 8 and 9 described in Section 2.4.

• Check the dynamic voltage range of the INJ pin.

• Calculate the device power dissipation based on VVDD, IVDD, TA and RθJA. Verify that the maximum

junction temperature is less than 150°C under the worst case operating conditions.

• Check the sense and inject capacitance variation over temperature and ensure the circuit is stable under

all operating conditions.

• Measure the total EMI. Separate the CM (asymmetrical) and DM (symmetrical) propagation components,

as the TPSF12C1-based AEF circuit only attenuates the CM noise.

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