Digi XBee ZigBee S2C Manuale utente

XBee®/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh® 2.4

Radio Frequency (RF) Modules

User Guide

Revision history—90001506

Revision Date Description

AAugust 2016 Baseline release of the document.

B February2017 Added Australia and South Korea certification data for the S2C TH and

S2C SMT devices.

C April 2017 Added Japan certification data for the S2C TH and S2C SMT devices.

D June 2017 Modified regulatory and certification information as required by RED

(Radio Equipment Directive).

E February 2018 Added Brazil certification information.

Trademarks and copyright

Digi, Digi International, and the Digi logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the United

States and other countries worldwide. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the

property of their respective owners.

Disclaimers

Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a

commitment on the part of Digi International. Digi provides this document “as is,” without warranty of

any kind, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or

merchantability for a particular purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or changes in this manual

or in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this manual at any time.

Warranty

To view product warranty information, go to the following website:

www.digi.com/howtobuy/terms

Send comments

Documentation feedback: To provide feedback on this document, send your comments to

techcomm@digi.com.

Customer support

Digi Technical Support: Digi offers multiple technical support plans and service packages to help our

customers get the most out of their Digi product. For information on Technical Support plans and

pricing, contact us at +1 952.912.3444 or visit us at www.digi.com/support.

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 2

Contents

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide

Applicable firmware and hardware 11

Firmware release notes 11

Technical specifications

Performance specifications 13

Power requirements 13

General specifications 14

Networking and security specifications 14

Regulatory conformity summary 14

Serial communication specifications 15

UART pin assignments 15

SPI pin assignments 15

GPIO specifications 17

Hardware

Antenna options 19

Mechanical drawings 19

Mounting considerations 20

Pin signals 21

Notes 24

Design notes 24

Power supply design 24

Board layout 24

Antenna performance 24

Keepout area 25

RF pad version 27

ADC characteristics 29

Configure the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh 2.4 RF Module

Software libraries 32

Configure the device using XCTU 32

Over-the-air (OTA) firmware update 32

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 3

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 4

Modes

Serial modes 34

Transparent operating mode 34

API operating mode 34

Command mode 34

Transceiver modes 36

Idle mode 36

Transmit mode 36

Receive mode 36

Serial communication

Select a serial port 38

Serial receive buffer 38

Serial transmit buffer 38

UART port 38

UART data flow 38

Serial data 39

Flow control 39

SPI port 40

SPI signals 40

SPI parameters 41

SPI and API mode 42

Full duplex operation 42

Slave mode characteristics 42

I/O support

Digital I/O line support 45

Analog input 45

Monitor I/O lines 45

On demand I/O sampling 47

Periodic I/O sampling 48

Detect digital I/O changes 48

I/O line passing 49

I/O line passing details 49

Networking

Network identifiers 51

Operating channels 51

Delivery methods 51

DigiMesh networking 51

Repeater/directed broadcast 54

Point-to-multipoint 54

Encryption 55

Maximum payload 55

DigiMesh throughput 55

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 5

Network commissioning and diagnostics

Local configuration 58

Remote configuration 58

Send a remote command 58

Apply changes on remote devices 58

Remote command response 58

Establish and maintain network links 59

Build aggregate routes 59

DigiMesh routing examples 59

Replace nodes 60

Test links between adjacent devices 60

Trace route option 62

NACK messages 63

RSSI indicators 63

Associate LED 63

Diagnostics support 63

The Commissioning Pushbutton 64

Definitions 64

Use the Commissioning Pushbutton 65

Node discovery 65

Discover all the devices on a network 65

Directed node discovery 66

Destination Node 66

Discover devices within RF range 66

The FN (Find Neighbors) command 67

Sleep support

Sleep modes 69

Pin Sleep mode (SM = 1) 69

Cyclic Sleep mode (SM = 4) 69

Cyclic Sleep with Pin Wake-up mode (SM = 5) 70

Sleep parameters 70

Sleep current 70

Sleep pins 70

Indirect messaging and polling 71

Indirect messaging 71

Polling 71

AT commands

Special commands 73

FR (Software Reset) 73

RE command 73

AC (Apply Changes) 73

WR command 73

MAC/PHY commands 74

CH (Operating Channel) 74

ID (Network ID) 74

RR (Unicast Mac Retries) 74

MT(Broadcast Multi-Transmits) 75

PL (TX Power Level) 75

PM (Power Mode) 76

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 6

CA (CCA Threshold) 76

ED (Energy Detect) 77

TP (Board Temperature) 77

%V (Voltage Supply Monitoring) 77

%H (MAC Unicast One Hop Time) 77

%8 (MAC Broadcast One Hop Time) 78

DB (Last Packet RSSI) 78

UA (Unicasts Attempted Count) 78

GD (Good Packets Received) 78

BC (Bytes Transmitted) 79

EA (MAC ACK Failure Count) 79

EC (CCA Failures) 79

TR (Transmission Failure Count) 80

Network commands 80

CE (Routing / Messaging Mode) 80

TO (Transmit Options) 80

BH command 81

NH (Network Hops) 81

NN (Network Delay Slots) 82

MR (Mesh Unicast Retries) 82

Addressing commands 82

SH command 82

SL command 83

DH command 83

DL command 83

CI (Cluster ID) 83

Diagnostic commands 84

AG (Aggregator Support) 84

DM (DigiMesh Options) 84

DN (Discover Node) 84

ND (Network Discover) 85

FN (Find Neighbors) 86

NI command 86

NT (Network Discovery Back-off) 87

N? (Network Discovery Timeout) 87

NO (Network Discovery Options) 87

Security commands 88

EE (Encryption Enable) 88

KY (AES Encryption Key) 88

Serial interfacing commands 89

BD (Baud Rate) 89

NB (Parity) 89

RO command 90

FT (Flow Control Threshold) 90

AP (API Enable) 90

AO command 91

I/O settings commands 91

CB command 91

D0 (DIO0/AD0) 91

D1 (DIO1/AD1) 92

D2 (DIO2/AD2) 92

D3 (DIO3/AD3) 93

D4 (DIO4) 93

D5 (DIO5/ASSOCIATED_INDICATOR) 94

D6 (DIO6/RTS) 94

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 7

D7 (DIO7/CTS) 95

D8 (DIO8/DTR/SLEEP_REQUEST) 95

D9 (ON_SLEEP) 96

P0 (DIO10/RSSI/PWM0 Configuration) 96

P1 (DIO11/PWM1 Configuration) 97

P2 (DIO12/SPI_MISO Configuration) 97

P5 (SPI_MISO) 98

P6 (SPI_MOSI Configuration) 98

P7 (SPI_SSEL ) 98

P8 (SPI_SCLK )P8 (SPI_SCLK ) 99

P9 (SPI_ATTN) 99

PD (Pull Up/Down Direction) 99

PR (Pull-up/Down Resistor Enable) 100

M0 (PWM0 Duty Cycle) 100

M1 (PWM1 Duty Cycle) 101

LT command 101

RP command 102

I/O line passing commands 102

IA (I/O Input Address) 102

IU (Send I/O Sample to Serial Port) 102

T0 (D0 Timeout) 103

T1 (D1 Output Timeout) 103

T2 (D2 Output Timeout) 103

T3 (D3 Output Timeout) 103

T4 (D4 Output Timeout) 103

T5 (D5 Output Timeout) 104

T6 (D6 Output Timeout) 104

T7 (D7 Output Timeout) 104

T8 (D8 Timeout) 104

T9 (D9 Timeout) 105

Q0 (P0 Timeout) 105

Q1 (P1 Timeout) 105

Q2 (P2 Timeout) 105

PT (PWM Output Timeout) 105

I/O sampling commands 106

IC (DIO Change Detect) 106

IF (Sleep Sample Rate) 107

IR (Sample Rate) 107

IS command 107

Sleep commands 107

SM command 108

SO command 108

SN command 108

SP (Sleep Time) 109

ST (Wake Time) 109

WH (Wake Host Delay) 109

Command mode options 110

CC (Command Character) 110

CT command 110

CN command 110

GT command 110

Firmware version/information commands 111

VL command 111

VR command 111

HV command 111

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 8

DD command 111

NP (Maximum Packet Payload Bytes) 111

CK (Configuration CRC) 112

Operate in API mode

API mode overview 114

API frame specifications 114

Calculate and verify checksums 116

Escaped characters in API frames 117

Frame descriptions 118

API frame exchanges 118

AT Command frame - 0x08 120

AT Command - Queue Parameter Value frame - 0x09 121

Transmit Request frame - 0x10 123

Explicit Addressing Command frame - 0x11 126

Remote AT Command Request frame - 0x17 129

AT Command Response frame - 0x88 131

Modem Status frame - 0x8A 133

Transmit Status frame - 0x8B 134

Route Information Packet frame - 0x8D 136

Aggregate Addressing Update frame - 0x8E 139

Receive Packet frame - 0x90 141

Explicit Rx Indicator frame - 0x91 143

I/O Data Sample Rx Indicator frame - 0x92 145

Node Identification Indicator frame - 0x95 147

Remote Command Response frame - 0x97 151

Over-the-Air Firmware Update Status - 0xA0 153

Regulatory information

United States (FCC) 156

OEM labeling requirements 156

FCC notices 156

FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz) 158

RF exposure 170

Europe (CE) 170

Maximum power and frequency specifications 170

OEM labeling requirements 170

Listen Before Talk requirement 171

Declarations of conformity 171

Antennas 172

Canada (IC) 172

Labeling requirements 172

For XBee S2C surface-mount 172

For XBee-PRO S2C surface-mount 172

For XBee S2C through-hole 172

For XBee-PRO S2C through-hole 172

Transmitters for detachable antennas 173

Detachable antenna 173

Australia (RCM) 173

South Korea 173

ANATEL (Brazil) 177

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 9

Load DigiMesh 2.4 firmware on ZB devices

Background 180

Load firmware 180

Migrate from XBee through-hole to surface-mount devices

Pin mapping 183

Mount the devices 184

PCB design and manufacturing

Recommended solder reflow cycle 187

Recommended footprint and keepout 187

Flux and cleaning 189

Rework 189

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide

This manual describes the operation of the XBee/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh 2.4 RF Module, which

consists of DigiMesh firmware loaded onto XBee S2C and PRO S2C hardware.

The XBee/XBee-PRO S2C DigiMesh 2.4 RF Module supports the unique needs of low-cost, low-power,

wireless sensor networks. The devices require minimal power and provide reliable data delivery

between remote devices. The devices operate within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency band.

You can build networks of up to 32 nodes using these devices. For larger networks of up to 1,000 or

more nodes, we offer technical support to assist with proper network configuration. For information

on Technical Support plans and pricing, contact us at 877.912.3444 or visit us at

www.digi.com/support.

Applicable firmware and hardware 11

Firmware release notes 11

XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 User Guide 10

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