HP Compaq t5515 Manuale di istruzioni

Inside the t5515 Thin Client Linux: FAQs

Questions and Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Linux Operating System Image FAQs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

System Administrator FAQs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Localization/Keyboard FAQs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Modem and Network Card Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Manageability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Browser FAQs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Printing FAQs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Warranty and Support FAQs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

For more information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Questions and Answers

Linux Operating System Image FAQs

Q: How much memory space is available on the t5515 image?

A: For the initial production images:

Q: How do I tell what the t5515's Linux image version/build number is?

A: To obtain the Linux image version, click GO>Settings>System>General. Within the General

dialog box, there is a list of system information including the Image Version. The image designation

format follows.

•L1ST20xx : is the 32MB flash memory image

•L3ST20xx : is the 128MB flash memory image and has the Mozilla browser

NOTE: "xx" represents the image build number.

Q: What version is the Linux kernel and where is it from?

A: The initial production release of the image has a kernel version 2.4.25 . Much of the kernel

components are from the open source community at:

http://www.kernel.org

Q: Is the entire Linux image based on open source packages?

A: No. However, a very high percent content of the image content is based on open source packages.

Several packages are proprietary as either HP developed or 3rd Party licensed. These are:

•Altiris Remote Management Client

•Citrix Client

•Network Management Applet

•System Applet

•grdesktop

All other services and features are from open source community packages.

If memory

configuration is:

Available memory is:

32/64 About 1-2 MB is available; if Citrix is removed, an additional 4 MB (approxi-

mately) becomes available.

128/128 About 44-45 MB is available; if Citrix is removed, an additional 4 MB (approxi-

mately) becomes available.

Q: How and where is the Linux image stored in flash memory?

A: The image is stored in various formats. Upon the boot up process, certain portions of the image are

decompressed and loaded in RAM. Some features and aspects of the image are not loaded until they

are needed. The image is stored in four partitions as follows:

/dev/hda1 - ext2 - boot loader

/dev/hda2 - cramfs - majority of the image

/dev/hda3 - ext2 - optional components

/dev/hda4 - ext2 - home directories

Q: How are custom image requests (Specials) accommodated?

A: There are two methods for doing a custom image. Customers can obtain a custom image from HP or

customers can do their own image development via a tool kit.

HP Developed Images: Customers contact their HP Account Team. From there, The Account Team will

work through the HP Specials Process to understand the opportunity, image requirements, schedule,

and costs involved.

For Customer Developed Images: HP has a partnership with Metrowerks. Metrowerks has an industry

recognized tool kit Platform Creation Suite (PCS) which is used to develop and build an image. PCS

is a fee based licensed product which can be obtained directly via the following Metrowerks website:

http://www.metrowerks.com/MW/Develop/Embedded/Linux/hpthinclient.htm

To assist the customer with a starting baseline code set, HP provides a Board Support Package (BSP)

which contains all code packages that comprise the Linux image. The majority of the code packages

are provided as open source, while a few of the packages are in object form due to their proprietary

licensed nature. The hp BSP can also be obtained direct from the above metrowerks website once the

customer has registered. PCS tool kit sales, fulfillment, support, and maintenance is provided by

Metrowerks, not HP.

System Administrator FAQs

Q: What Administrator tools come with the Linux 2.4 kernel?

A: None. The kernel does not contain Admin tools, as these come from various open source sites and

are sometimes packaged as part of a Linux distribution. To conserve the t5515's memory space the

image utilizes BusyBox which is a consolidated utility binary.

BusyBox is a single small executable that combines many of the common Linux/Unix utilities. These

utilities are usually smaller versions with less options than their full-featured desktop utilities

counterpart. Because BusyBox has been written to optimize size and for limited resources it is an

excellent choice for an embedded Linux operating system. A good online source for BusyBox follows.

http://www.busybox.net/downloads/BusyBox.html

The image contains the following commands. Some are stand alone, and most are limited scope

versions provided via BusyBox)

Q: How are Users managed?

A: A System Administrator creates new user accounts and assigns the users to groups. The image

provides the System Administrator with standard command-line tools to manage users; all from the

Console command shell's BusyBox. Remember letter case matters when using command line names

and option switches.

Options Definitions

Users/permis-

sions

addgroup, adduser, chmod, chown, chgrp, delgroup,

deluser, passwd, su,

Devices insmod, mount, umount, smbmount

Files/Folders cat, cmp, cp, dos2unix, fgrep, find, grep, gunzip,

gzip, ln, ls, mkdir, more, mv, od, pwd, rm, rmdir,

sed, sort, strings, tail, tar, touch, tr, uniq,

unix2dos, unzip, vi, wc

Network ftp, hostname, ifconfig, ifdown, ifup, ping, ping6,

telnet

Processes kill, killall, ps, watch

System Settings date, env, fdisk, free, df, du, halt, poweroff,

reboot, reset, sync, time, top, uname, uptime,

which, who, whoami

Q: How are Users created using BusyBox?

A: The System Administrator uses the adduser command to create a new user account on the t5515.

The list of defined users can be found in the directory /etc and the file passwd. The adduser

command overview follows.

adduser [OPTIONS] user_name

Q: How are Groups created using BusyBox?

A: The System Administrator uses the command addgroup to create a new group on the t5515. The list

of defined groups can be found in the directory /etc and the file group. The addgroup command

overview follows.

addgroup [-g GID] group_name [user_name]

"-g GID specify Group ID (gid)

Q: How is identifying User Information handled using BusyBox?

A: The System Administrator uses the command id to retrieve user ID (UID) and group ID (GID)

information for a user account. The id command overview follows.

id [OPTIONS]... [USERNAME]

The following table lists print options for USERNAME or the current user.

Option Definition

“-h DIR Assign home directory DIR

“-g GECOS Assign gecos field GECOS

“-s SHELL Assign login shell SHELL

“-G Add the user to existing group GROUP

“-S Create a system user (ignored)

“-D Do not assign a password (logins still possible via ssh)

“-H Do not create the home directory

Option Description

-c Prints only the security context

-g Prints only the group ID

-u Prints only the user ID

-n Print a name instead of a number

-r Prints the real user ID instead of the effective ID

Q: How do you add a User to a Group using BusyBox?

A: BusyBox for this t5515 does not include a utility similar to usermod. As a result, this requires the

System Administrator to edit the passwd file and change the user's group id to the correct group id.

This is accomplished by performing the following steps:

1. Execute the id command using the user name.

2. Note the user id and group id displayed by the id command.

3. Change the directory to /etc cd /etc.

4. Open the group file using the editor “vi group”.

5. Find the group in the list and note its id number.

6. Close the editor using ":q!".

7. Open the passwd file using the editor “vi passwd”.

8. Find the user id and changes its group id to match the desired group.

9. Save the edited file by using ":w".

10. Close the edited file using ":q".

Q: How are file permissions handled using BusyBox?

A: File permissions is the basis for security under the Linux operating system. All resources and

directories on a Linux operating system are considered files within the security structure. File

permissions determine each file's read, write, and execute permissions for all users and groups on the

system. Under Linux permissions, these are in three groups; owner, group, and others. Each group has

three permission options which are read, write, and execute.

Q: How do you change file permissions using BusyBox?

A: To change the permission options the System Administrator uses the chmod command. An overview

of the chmod command follows.

chmod [-R] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...

Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +or -=, and one or more of the

letters rwxst”=. The permissions can also be set using an octal numeric based code, where 4

equals read, 2 equals write, and 1 equals execute permissions.

Options:

-R Changes files and directories recursively.

Q: How is changing ownership handled using BusyBox?

A: The system administrator uses the chgrp command to assign group ownership to a file or resource.

An overview of the chgrp command follows.

chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...

Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.

Options:

-R Changes files and directories recursively.

Q: How do you set up automatic user logon on at boot up time?

A: Using the Security Applet (GO>Settings>Security), the System Administrator can select one user

account to be automatically logged into the t5515 system at boot up. Turning the option off forces the

user to log on to the system using the GUI log on window.

When the system administrator needs to log on to the system with the automatic log on feature

enabled for another user, they need to press the left shift key during the boot up process to enable the

log on window.

Q: What is the default Hostname for the t5515?

A: The default hostname from the factory consists of the letters HP followed by the MAC address of the

built-in Ethernet network interface modem.

To change the hostname using the Network Management Applet the System Administrator needs to

enable the Static address setup radio button on the IP Address Configuration window. Then

click the next button to move to the DNS Configuration window. Place the cursor in the Host

Name field and enter the new host name.

The command hostname is also available to change or determine the current hostname. To change

the hostname the System Administrator needs to create a hostname file and use the -F option.

hostname [OPTION] {hostname | -F FILE}

Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is given (or FILE with the -F

parameter), the host name will be set.

Options:

Example:

# hostname

# HP000AE468F96F

# hostname -F hostname.conf

Options Description

-s Short

-i Addresses for the hostnam

-d DNS domain name

-f Fully qualified domain name

-F FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname

Q: How is Date & Time Management handled in the t5515?

A: The T5515 allows the user to keep time in one of two formats; Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) /

Greenwich Mean Time GMT, or local time. The preferred method is to use UTC rather than local time.

The t5515 has several date and time management options available.

Q: How do you configure the system hardware clock?

A: The first step is to set the system hardware clock using the BIOS setup utility to your local date and

time. To do this, perform the following steps:

1. Reboot the system and press the F10 key.

2. Press the Escape key after the setup utility appears.

3. Select the standard CMOS features option and click the Enter key.

4. Set the date and time by using the Page Up and Down keys.

5. To save the changes press the F10 key and the Enter key.

Q: How do you configure the date and time for the t5515?

A: The Date and Time management GUI applet allows the System Administrator an easy method of

managing the date and time on the t5515 The System Administrator can configure the date, time,

time zone, and network time protocol (NTP). The Applet is launched via GO>Settings>Date/

Time.

Q: How do you synchronize the clocks of the computers over a network?

A: The network time protocol is a standard protocol used to synchronize the clocks of computers over a

network. On the t5515 the System Administrators needs to select the correct time zone, enable the

feature, and provide the NTP server name or IP address of the time server. For a list of public NTP

servers, use the following link:

http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ntp/clock1b.html

Q: How do you synchronize the BIOS and system time?

A: To synchronize the BIOS and system time use the hwclock command. This command allows the

System Administrator to synchronize the BIOS time to the system time or from system time to BIOS

time. This command without any parameters displays the current date and time.

-utc]

Query and set the hardware clock (RTC).

Options:

Q: Is the Atomic Clock supported for accurate time synchronization within the t5515

image?

A: By default, the image contains NTP. Setting the time protocol synchronization to a service such as the

US Dept of Commerce's National Bureau of Standards can be accomplished by configuring this NTP

setting in the Date/Time Management Applet.

Q: How is the boot order changed?

A: Run the Boot order Utility to alter the order of the boot up device. The Utility is available as a Feature

Add-on in SoftPAQ form.

To run the SoftPAQ, perform the following steps:

1. Download the SoftPaq to a directory on your hard drive. The file that is downloaded is a com-

pressed TAR file. Use the tar -xzf command to extract the files from the archive to the current

directory.

2. Execute ./hpbootorder (without parameters) to use the BootOrder utility and ./hprepset

(without parameters) to use the RepSet utility.

Q: Are any USB storage devices supported?

A: Yes. The primary purpose of the USB support is for image restoration purposes via DOK, FD, or CD.

The USB mass storage support for other purposes is in the image but is by default disabled. To enable

this feature you must be root user and use the insmod usb-storage.

Q: How is the VNC password reset?

A: The VNC Server password is stored in encrypted form in a hidden directory .vnc in the user's home

directory. For example, user "fred" would have the password at: /home/fred/.vnc/passwd.

Delete this passwd file to reset the password. The user is prompted for a new password the next time

the VNC server is started.

Options Description

-r Read hardware clock and print result

-s Set the system time from the hardware clock

-w Set the hardware clock to the current system time

-u The hardware clock is kept in coordinated universal time

-l The hardware clock is kept in local time

Q: How is the DOK handled in the t5515?

A: The t5515 supports the physical storage device known as a Disk On Key (DOK). Like all storage

devices, the DOK must be attached to the existing directory on the t5515 before it can be accessed.

Mounting

The process of attaching a device is known as mounting and the directory that the device is attached

to is the mounting point.

To create a mounting point, perform the following steps:

1. Open the console by GO>Console and enter the make directory command (mkdir /mnt/

dok).

2. Install the DOK device driver (insmod usb-storage).

3. Mount the DOK to the sda1 device (mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/dok).

NOTE: To view the files on the DOK use the ls command.

File Copying

To copy files to/from the DOK use the cp command.

Examples:

• cp /mnt/dok/printcap.txt /etc/printcap

• cp printcap /mnt/dok/printcap.1

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