Texas Instruments TPS40100 Manuale utente

User’s Guide

TPS40100 Buck Controller Evaluation Module User's

Guide

Table of Contents

1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................................2

2 Description.............................................................................................................................................................................. 2

2.1 Applications........................................................................................................................................................................2

2.2 Features............................................................................................................................................................................. 2

3 Electrical Performance Specifications................................................................................................................................. 3

4 Schematic................................................................................................................................................................................4

5 Test Setup................................................................................................................................................................................6

5.1 Equipment.......................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.2 Equipment Setup................................................................................................................................................................7

5.3 Other Tests.........................................................................................................................................................................8

6 TPS40100EVM Typical Performance Data and Characteristics Curves...........................................................................17

6.1 Efficiency..........................................................................................................................................................................17

6.2 Line and Load Regulation................................................................................................................................................ 17

6.3 Loop Stability....................................................................................................................................................................18

7 EVM Assembly Drawings and Layout.................................................................................................................................19

8 List of Materials.....................................................................................................................................................................24

9 Revision History................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Trademarks

All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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TPS40100 Buck Controller Evaluation Module User's Guide 1

1 Introduction

The TPS40100EVM-001 evaluation module (EVM) is a synchronous buck converter that provides a fixed 3.3-V

output up to 10 A from a 12-V input bus. The EVM is designed to start up from a single input supply with no

additional bias voltage required. The module uses a TPS40100 midrange input synchronous buck controller.

2 Description

The TPS40100EVM-001 is designed to use a regulated 12-V ±10% (10.8 V–13.2 V) bus to produce a regulated

3.3-V output at up to 10 A of load current. The EVM is designed to demonstrate the TPS40100 in a typical

regulated bus to low-voltage application while providing a number of test points to evaluate the performance of

the TPS40100. The EVM includes features to demonstrate voltage tracking, margin up/down, enable/disable,

and power good. A synchronization pin is provided to allow the EVM to be synchronized to an external clock.

2.1 Applications

• Non-isolated medium current point of load and low voltage bus converters

• Merchant power modules

• Networking equipment

• Telecommunications equipment

• DC power distributed systems

2.2 Features

• 10.8-V to 13.2-V input range

• 3.3-V fixed output

• 10-ADC steady state output current

• Output margin up and down support

• Tracking voltage input to support simultaneous sequencing

• Power-good indicator

• Frequency synchronization input

• Remote sensing scheme

• 380-kHz switching frequency

• Single main switch MOSFET and single synchronous rectifier MOSFET

• Single component side, surface mount design on a 3.0-inch × 3.25-inch evaluation board

• Four layer PCB with all components on top side

• Convenient test points for probing critical waveforms

• Test points for full loop analysis as well as control to output

2.2.1 Using Remote Sense (J3)

The TPS40100EVM-001 provides the user with remote sense capabilities. Remote sense is used to provide

more accurate load regulation by compensating for losses over terminal connections and load wire resistance.

When remote sense is used properly, the converter will regulate the voltage at the point where sense

connections are placed. These remote sense connections are usually placed at the intended load. As the load is

increased the direct output of the converter will rise to compensate for IR losses.

CAUTION

Long wiring connections can cause the converter to act irregularly. This can show up as pulse width

jitter or an oscillatory effect on the ripple voltage. If this condition occurs, check the setup and make

adjustments. Please see Section 5.3.2.

2.2.2 Simultaneous Tracking (J3)

The EVM is equipped to provide the ability to demonstrate the tracking feature of the TPS40100. In addition,

the module can be configured to have multiple TPS40100EVMs track. The voltage tracking function allows

the TPS40100 to track an external ramp (provided on EVM). This tracking feature allows single or multiple

modules to track an external ramp in order to comply with the demands of many microprocessor and memory

applications. Please see Section 5.3.3.

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2.2.3 Enable (SW2)

The EVM is equipped with an enable/disable switch. Please see Section 5.3.4. Closing S1 will disable the

device by pulling the UVLO pin of the TPS40100 low. Opening the S1 will enable the device, provided that

the appropriate input voltage is present. J3 pin 4 is an enable monitor pin that provides a connection for user

observation.

2.2.4 Margin Up/Down (J4)

The margin up and down feature of the EVM provides the user with the ability to trim or margin the output of

the converter up/down by 3% or 5%. The EVM is equipped with convenient jumper settings to give the user the

ability to trim the output voltage. Please see Section 5.3.5 for more detailed test setup information.

2.2.5 Power Good (J1)

The EVM contains a power-good pin to provide the user with a “power ok” signal. This pin is pulled up through

a resistor to the 5VBP pin of the TPS40100. If any of the following conditions occur, the power-good pin will pull

low.

• Soft start is active (VSS < 3.5 V).

• Tracking is active (Vtrackout > .7 V).

• VFB < 0.61 V

• VFB > 0.77 V

• VUVLO < 1.33 V

• Overcurrent condition exists

• Die temperature is greater than 165°C.

This pin can be monitored with an oscilloscope to observe its behavior. Please see Section 5.3.6.

2.2.6 Synchronization (J1)

Two TPS40100-EVM can be synchronized to an external clock source of a higher frequency than that of the

free running PWM clock. This is a feature that can aid with input filter design. It is recommended that the

synchronization frequency be no more than 120% of the free running frequency. The EVM is configured to a

switching frequency of 370 kHz, so the external frequency into the synchronization pin should be no more than

470 kHz. Please see Section 5.3.6.

3 Electrical Performance Specifications

Table 3-1. TPS40100EVM-001 Electrical and Performance Specifications

Parameter Notes and Conditions Min Typ Max Units

INPUT CHARACTERISTICS

Input voltage range 10.8 13.2 V

Max input current VIN = 10.8 V, IOUT = 10 A 3.5 A

No-load input current VIN = 13.2 V, IOUT = 0 A 100 mA

OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS

Output voltage 3.22 3.30 3.39 V

Output voltage Line regulation (10.8 V < VIN < 13.2 V, IOUT = 5 A) 1%

Regulation Load regulation (0 A < IOUT < 10 A, VIN = 12 V) 1%

Output voltage ripple VIN = 13.2 V, IOUT = 10 A 25 mVpp

Output load current 0 10 A

Output over current 15 A

SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS

Switching frequency 350 380 410 kHz

Full load efficiency VOUT = 3.3 V, IOUT = 10 A

V12V_IN = 10.8 V 93.9

V12V_IN = 12 V 93.5%

V12V_IN = 13.2 V 93.4%

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TPS40100 Buck Controller Evaluation Module User's Guide 3

4 Schematic

Figure 4-1. TPS40100EVM-001 Power Stage/Control Schematic

Schematic www.ti.com

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Note

Component values are for reference only.

Figure 4-2. TPS40100EVM-001 Margin Control

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TPS40100 Buck Controller Evaluation Module User's Guide 5

5 Test Setup

5.1 Equipment

5.1.1 Voltage Source (VIN)

The input voltage source (VIN) should be a 0-V to 15-V variable DC source capable of 5 ADC. Connect VIN to J2

as shown in Figure 5-2.

5.1.2 Meters

• Ammeter1: 0 A to 5 ADC, ammeter

• Voltmeter1: VIN, 0-V to 15-V voltmeter

• Voltmeter2: VIN, 0-V to 5-V voltmeter

5.1.3 Loads (LOAD1)

The output load (LOAD1) should be an electronic constant current mode load capable of 0 ADC to 10 ADC at 3.3

5.1.4 Recommended Wire Gauge

VIN to J2

The connection between the source voltage, VIN, and J2 of EVM can carry as much as 5 ADC. The minimum

recommended wire size is AWG #16. Shorter lengths of input wire will aid in reducing inductance and provide

better overall performance.

J5 to LOAD1 (Power Pins 2 and 3)

The power connection between J5 of EVM and LOAD1 can carry as much as 10 ADC. It is recommended that

the user use AWG#16 wire. It is recommended that the load wires be kept as short as possible. This will aid in

performance, most notably in transient response.

J2 to LOAD1 (Remote Sense)

If remote sense is to be used, ensure that J6 and J7 are in the remote sense enable position (shunt pins 1 and

2).Load wires and sense wires should be kept less than six inches to ensure proper functionality. The remote

sense wires connecting J5 (pins 1 and 4) and LOAD1 carry less than 1 ADC. The minimum recommended wire

size is AWG #22 with the total length of less than six inches long.

5.1.5 Other

Fan

This evaluation module includes components that can get hot to the touch. A small fan capable of 200–400

LFM is required to reduce component surface temperatures to prevent user injury. The EVM should not be left

unattended while powered or probed while the fan is not running.

Oscilloscope

A 60-MHz or faster oscilloscope can be used to monitor many points on the EVM. For output ripple voltage

measurements, the Oscilloscope should be set for the following to take output ripple measurements:

• 20-MHz bandwidth limiting

• 1-MW impedance

• AC coupling

• 1-ms/division horizontal resolution

• 10-mV to 20-mV/division vertical resolution

Function Generator

A function generator capable of sourcing a 0-V to 5-V square wave at frequencies past 400 Khz.

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5.2 Equipment Setup

5.2.1 Initial EVM Jumper and Switch Settings

Figure 5-2 is the basic test setup recommended for evaluating the TPS40100EVM-001. The EVM is shipped with

the following in the default position:

• The enable switch (S1) is open across pins 2 and 3. This is the enable position.

• The tracking enable jumper (J8) has shunt positioned across pins 1 and 2, disabling the tracking feature.

• The tracking engage switch (S2) is open across pins 2 and 3. This enables the tracking ramp to charge.

• Remote sense jumpers (J6 and J7) have shunts positioned across pins 2 and 3, enabling local connector

sensing.

• Margin shunts positioned in the margin disable position.

5.2.2 Procedure

1. Working at an ESD workstation, make sure that any wrist straps, bootstraps, or mats are connected

referencing the user to earth ground before power is applied to the EVM. An electrostatic smock and safety

glasses should also be worn.

2. Prior to connecting the DC input source, VIN, it is advisable to limit the source current to 5.0 A maximum.

Make sure VIN is initially set to 0 V and connected as shown in Figure 5-2.

3. Connect an ammeter between the positive output of the input supply and the positive input of the EVM (J2,

Pin 1).

4. Connect voltmeter #1 to TP3 and TP4. These are the EVM input supply monitoring points.

5. Connect LOAD1 to J5. Set LOAD1 to constant current mode to sink 0 ADC before input voltage is applied.

6. Connect voltmeter #2 across TP13 and TP14. This is the EVM output supply monitoring point. This

configuration is local sensing.

7. Remove the oscilloscope probe jacket and position the probe as shown in Figure 5-1. TP17 and TP18 are

implemented to provide the user with the means to achieve good noise immune measurements of ripple

voltage and transient response.

Figure 5-1. Probe Position for Ripple Measurement

8. Place a fan as shown in Figure 5-2 and turn it on, making sure air is flowing across the EVM.

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TPS40100 Buck Controller Evaluation Module User's Guide 7

Voltmeter

FAN

+3.3Vout

VIN

10.8V -

13.2V -

TP3

TP4

TP14

TP13

TEXAS INSTRUMENTS

TPS40100EVM-001

12Vto3.3V@10A

HPA089A

Voltmeter

Ammeter

GND GND

TrackingEnable

JumperDisable

Position

J4 Margin Enable

EnableS1

TrackingEngageS2

1MΩ, DC

1V/div

20mHzBW

Remote+SenseJumper

Disabled

Remote GND Sense Jumper

Disabled

TP18TP17

Metal Ground Barrel

Probe Tip

Tip and Barrel Vout ripple and

transient measurement for TP17 and

TP18

TP17

TP18

J8 J7

LOAD1

3.3 V @

10 A

Power Good and SyncIn

Tracking In and Enable

Monitor

Enable SW1

Switch Closed = OFF

Switch Open = ON

Figure 5-2. TPS40100EVM-001 Recommended Test Setup

5.2.3 Start-Up and Shutdown Procedure

1. Increase VIN (V1) from 0 V to 12 VDC.

2. Observe that VOUT has risen to its nominal voltage.

3. Vary LOAD1 from 0 ADC–10 ADC.

4. Vary VIN from 10.8 VDC to 13.2 VDC.

5. Decrease LOAD1 to 0 A.

6. Decrease VIN to 0 V.

5.2.4 Equipment Shutdown

1. Shut down the oscilloscope.

2. Shut down LOAD.

3. Shut down VIN.

4. Shut down the fan.

5.3 Other Tests

5.3.1 Adjusting Output Voltage (R1 and R3)

The regulated output voltage can be adjusted by changing the values of the feedback resistors, R1 and R3. R19

and R17 are located in the feedback to provide the user with positive remote sense and the ability to perform

loop analysis with a frequency/gain analyzer. Resistors R12 and the parallel combination of R1 and R3 are the

dominant resistors associated with setting the output voltage. The following are the equations associated for

establishing the output voltage.

RPARALLEL =  R1 × R3

R1+R3(1)

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VOUT = VREF

R12+R17

RPARALLEL

+ 1 (2)

RPARALLEL = 

VREF

VOUT −VREF

 × R17+R12 (3)

where

• VVREF = 0.690 V

• R17 = 49.9 Ω

• R12 = 18.2 kΩ

R1//R3 can be adjusted to provide user defined output voltages. Table 5-1 contains values for R1//R3 to

generate popular output voltages.

Table 5-1. Adjusting VOUT with R1/R3

VOUT R1//R3 (RPARALLEL) R1 R3

3.3 V 4.82 k 12.4 k 7.87 k

2.5 V 6.95 k 7.15 k 237 k

2.2 V 8.33 k 8.66 k 205 k

2.0 V 9.61 k 10.0 k 237 k

1.8 V 11.34 k 12.1 k 178 k

1.5 V 15.55 k 16.2 k 365 k

1.2 V 24.69 k 26.1 k 422 k

5.3.2 Remote Sense Test Setup

In order for the remote sense feature of the TPS40100EVM-001 to function properly, it is essential that the test

setup be configured correctly. Use the following steps to set up the remote sense:

1. Ensure that the remote sense jumpers J7 and J8 are shunted across pins 1 and 2.

2. Connect load wires with a maximum length of six inches from pin 2 of J5 (+Vout) to the positive terminal of

the load. Connect the same length of wire from pin 3 of J5 (RTN) to the negative terminal of the load. Be

sure to properly gauge the load wires for 10 A. AWG#16 is recommended.

3. Connect a sense wire from J5 pin 1 to the positive terminal of the load. This is the +senseline. Be sure to not

exceed six inches in length. AWG#22 wire is recommended.

4. Connect a sense wire from J5 pin 4 to the negative terminal of the load. This is the –sense line. Be sure to

not exceed six inches in length. AWG#22 wire is recommended.

5. Monitor voltage at TP13 and TP14 using a voltmeter. This will be the regulated voltage at the load.

6. Monitor voltage at J5 pins 2 and 3. This is the voltage at the output connector. This voltage will increase

based on the load.

7. Set load to 0 A, constant current. Both monitoring points should read very close to the same value.

8. Increase the load gradually and observe the difference in voltages present at the monitoring points. The set

voltage (3.3 V) will be regulated at the load; this will be noted at TP13 and TP14. The direct output of the

converter (J5 pins 2 and 3) will read a higher voltage. As IR losses increase over load wires and terminals,

the direct output of the converter will compensate by raising the voltage to keep within regulation at the load.

CAUTION

Long distance runs from the output of the converter and the load will cause erratic behavior. This

can show up as pulse width jitter or an oscillatory effect on the ripple voltage. If this condition occurs,

check the setup and make adjustments. Please see Figure 5-3 for test setup.

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TPS40100 Buck Controller Evaluation Module User's Guide 9

TP1

TP2

12 9 6

11 8 5

13 10 7 4

Enable S1

4 123

TrackingEngageS2

LOAD1

3.3 V @

10A

TP14

TP13

Voltmeter

Max 6" length

Input Supply

Voltmeter

Remote + Sense Jumper

Enabled

Voltage monitored at the load.

Reading can be taken at the

load if desired. NOTE: This is

the point to which the converter

will be regulating to.

Remote GND Sense Jumper

Enabled

Voltage monitored at the output

connector.

NOTE: This will read a higher

value as load current increases.

Voltage will be regulated to set

voltage at LOAD.

Tracking Enable

Jumper

Disabled

Figure 5-3. TPS40100EVM-001 Recommended Remote Test Setup

5.3.3 Voltage Tracking Test Setup

The following procedure is for a single EVM demonstration of the track function. Please see Figure 5-4.

1. Shunt pins 2 and 3 of J8 (tracking enable jumper).

2. The tracking engage switch (S2) should be in the closed position.

3. Connect an oscilloscope probe to the TRACKING IN pin (J3 pin 1) and VOUT (TP 17 and 18).

4. Connect the load to the output of the EVM and set from 1 A–10 A (User selectable).

5. Power on the EVM with an input voltage of 10.8 V–13.2 V (Allow for SS voltage to reach 3.5 V to ensure

proper tracking performance or wait one to two seconds).

6. Open the Tracking Engage Switch (S2) (Shorting pins 1 and 2 open) and observe how VOUT tracks the

TRACKING IN pins rising voltage. Waveforms should be simultaneous.

7. Close the Tracking Engage (S2) (Shorting pins 2 and 3 open) and observe how VOUT tracks the

TRACKING IN pins falling voltage. Waveforms should be simultaneous.

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