Turner Designs Enviro-T Manuale utente

Version A

August 31, 2011

P/N 998-2810

TURNER DESIGNS

845 W. Maude Avenue

Sunnyvale, CA 94085

Phone: (408) 749-0994

FAX: (408) 749-0998

998-2810 Rev. A Page 2

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction 4

1.2 Inspection and Setup 4

2. Installation and Operation

2.1 Installation 5

2.2 Tee Installation 5

2.3 Operation 6

3. Calibration and Calculations

3.1 Calibration 7

3.2 Calculating Calibration Coefficients 9

4. Recommended Measurement Practices

4.1 Minimizing Variation in Signal 10

4.2 Temperature Considerations 10

5. Maintenance and Warranty

5.1 Visual Inspection and Cleaning 12

5.2 Maintenance Check Using Standard Solutions 12

5.3 Warranty Terms 13

5.4 Warranty Service 13

5.5 Out of Warranty Service 14

Appendices

A Fluorometer and Mounting Tee Specifications 16

B Wiring Guide 17

C In Vivo Chlorophyll Measurements 18

998-2810 Rev. A Page 3

Equipment Specified as Electrical and Electronic Waste

Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer

998-2810 Rev. A Page 4

1. Introduction

1.1 Description

Turner Designs’ Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer is an accurate, single-channel

fluorometer designed to measure fluorescence from water samples. The Enviro-T

In-Line Fluorometer provides a 4 - 20 mA output signal proportional to the

fluorescence in the sample or source water. In a representative application, the

Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer can be used with a data collection system to monitor

and control the level of algal biomass in industrial applications. The sample water’s

fluorescence intensity is measured by passing the sample water, with chlorophyll-

containing organisms, past the Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer’s optical window. An

excitation light source illuminates the solution and excites chlorophyll in the solution

which emits light at a different wavelength. The intensity of the emitted light is

proportional to the concentration of the algal biomass in the sample. Turner Designs’

Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer has a low maintenance design to provide trouble-free

performance.

1.2 Inspection and Setup

2 foot long cable with 4 bare

leads: Black, Red, Orange,

and Brown (see Appendix B).

In-Line Fluorometer with

label specifying serial

number of unit.

Non-removable, 1 in. (NPT)

threaded plastic fitting used

for connecting to the

provided mounting tee.

1 in. (NPT) mounting tee for

flow through measurements.

(Note: Only use the

mounting tee provided

when connecting the

Enviro-T in-line.)

2 stainless steel trimpots

(4 mA and 20 mA).

Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer

998-2810 Rev. A Page 5

2. Installation and Operation

2.1 Installation

Turner Designs’ Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer is rated for light industrial

environments.

Do not install the Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer:

•In direct sunlight or near heat sources (operating temperature 0-50 °C)

•On vibrating walls or surfaces that affect the flow

•Near devices that produce a strong electromagnetic field such as large

generators

It is recommended that the Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer be installed in such a way

that the flow is directed upward to expel any trapped air bubbles as air trapped on

the optical window will influence signal and cause erratic readings (see section 4.0).

2.2 Tee Installation

We recommend the following installation procedure for installing the Enviro-T In-Line

Fluorometer onto the mounting tee provided for flow through applications:

1) Wrap Teflon tape around the threaded male fitting which is bonded to the

fluorometer’s housing. Note: Turner Designs applies Teflon tape prior to

shipping. For re-applications, do not wrap Teflon tape more than 3 – 4 full

turns.

2) Turning clockwise, fully hand-tighten the Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer to the

mounting tee provided.

Base of

male fitting

Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer

998-2810 Rev. A Page 6

3) After the Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer is fully hand tightened onto the mounting

tee provided, use a wrench to make one more full clockwise turn.

4) Connect the mounting tee in line with your flow and start flowing water.

5) Inspect for leaks.

6) If a leak occurs, continue tightening ¼ inch at a time until the leaking stops.

Note: The base of the male fitting should not be flush with the mounting

tee; the male fitting’s threads should be visible after securing the

connection using a wrench.

7) Connect the Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer to the power supply and digital

multimeter as shown below. (Note: The power ground (Black Wire) and the 4-

20 mA return (Brown Wire) are not common. These wires should not be

connected to the same point.)

2.3 Operation

Turner Designs’ Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer uses a Light Emitting Diode (LED) at a

specific wavelength to excite the fluorophore of interest in samples or source water.

Upon excitation, the fluorophore emits a different wavelength of light (fluorescence)

that will be detected by the fluorometer’s photodiode.

After power (8 - 30 VDC) is applied to the Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer allow 5

seconds for the LED to stabilize. After 5 seconds measurements can be taken

continuously as current output (4 – 20 mA).

Multimeter

Common

20 mA

DC Power Supply

12 VDC 0.2 A

BLACK

BROWN

RED

ORANGE

Direction of

flow

Multimeter

Common

20 mA

DC Power Supply

12 VDC 0.2 A

BLACK

BROWN

RED

ORANGE

Direction of

flow

Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer

998-2810 Rev. A Page 7

3. Calibration and Calculations

3.1 Calibration

1) Connect the Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer to the mounting tee provided (see

section 2.2, steps 1-6).

2) Connect the Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer to the power supply and digital

multimeter (see section 2.2, step 7).

3) Obtain a bucket with a known volume of the source water you will be measuring.

(Note: This water should represent your blank; this signal will be set as

your zero so make sure that it does not contain any fluorophore.)

4) Fully submerge the mounting tee into the bucket with water and allow water to fill

the mounting tee.

(IMPORTANT NOTE: MAKE SURE TO REMOVE ALL BUBBLES FROM THE

MOUNTING TEE BY TILTING THE ENVIRO-T IN-LINE FLUOROMETER AND

GENTLY SHAKING WHILE FULLY SUBMERGED IN THE WATER AS AIR

BUBBLES TRAPPED NEAR OR ON THE OPTICAL HEAD WILL INFLUENCE

RESULTS.)

5) Once bubbles have been removed, allow the multimeter signal to stabilize and

then use a flathead screwdriver to rotate the marked 4 mA trimpot so that the

multimeter reads a minimum of 4 mA. (Note: Allow the multimeter reading to

stabilize before adjusting the trimpot between readings; do not adjust the

trimpot more than 1 full turn at a time before allowing signal to stabilize.)

6) Make sure to log the reading (see Table 1 for example).

7) Remove the Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer from the bucket.

8) In the same bucket which contains a known volume of your source water, make a

known concentration solution using your fluorophore of interest that represents

the maximum concentration you intend to measure.

9) Ensure the solution is well mixed, submerge your mounting tee into the solution,

and allow the solution to fill the mounting tee.

Multimeter

Commo

20 mA

4.0 mA

ORANGE

BROWN

4 mA Trimpot

Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer

998-2810 Rev. A Page 8

(IMPORTANT NOTE: MAKE SURE TO REMOVE ALL BUBBLES FROM THE

MOUNTING TEE BY TILTING THE ENVIRO-T IN-LINE FLUOROMETER AND

GENTLY SHAKING WHILE FULLY SUBMERGED IN THE SOLUTION AS AIR

BUBBLES TRAPPED NEAR OR ON THE OPTICAL HEAD WILL INFLUENCE

RESULTS)

10)Once bubbles have been removed, allow the multimeter signal to stabilize and

then use a screwdriver to rotate the marked 20 mA trimpot so that the multimeter

reads 19mA. (Note: Allow the multimeter reading to stabilize before

adjusting the trimpot between readings; do not adjust the trimpot more

than 1 full turn at a time before allowing signal to stabilize.)

11) Make sure to log the reading (see Table 1 for example).

12)You can now install the Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer in line with the system you

intend to monitor following installation instructions provided (see section 2.1).

Data collected upon completing these calibration steps can be put into a table similar

to the table below to track future calibrations.

Table 1: Example of data collected from calibration steps 1-10.

Solution

Measured Concentration Multimeter current output

Blank Solution

(0 ppb)

(4 mA)

Sample Solution C

(30 ppb) R

(19 mA)

Multimeter

Commo

20 mA

19 mA

ORANGE

BROWN

20 mA Trimpot

Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer

998-2810 Rev. A Page 9

3.2 Calculating Calibration Coefficients

With the data collected you can find the coefficients required for calculating

concentrations using the equation:

y = mx + c (Equation 1)

Where:

y is the sample concentration,

m is the slope of your equation,

x is the sensor output in mA,

c is the x intercept (offset) when y = 0.

1. Finding the slope of your equation using example data from Table 1 and slope

from Equation 2:

m = (C

-C

) / (R

– R

) (Equation 2)

m = (30 - 0) / (19 - 4) = 30/15 = 2

2. Finding the offset for your curve using example data from Table 1:

0 = (m * R

) + C (Equation 3)

0 = (2 * 4) + C

c = -8

3. Substitute m and c from Equation 1 with end values from Equations 2 and 3:

y = 2x – 8 (Equation 4)

You can now calculate y (ppb) concentrations simply by substituting sensor output

(mA) values for x in equation 4.

Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer

998-2810 Rev. A Page 10

Direction of water flowDirection of water flow

4. Recommended Measurement Practices

4.1 Minimizing Variations in Signal

Turner Designs’ Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer has a flat-surfaced optical window that

might trap air bubbles when positioned vertically. For this reason we recommend:

1) Installing the Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer horizontally so that the mounting tee

is in a vertical position.

2) That the flow direction is upward through the mounting tee.

This will ensure than any trapped air bubbles will be released and will not interfere

with sample measurement.

4.2 Temperature Considerations

Fluorescence is temperature dependant. The fluorescence signal from most

fluorophores will decrease as sample temperature increases. However,

fluorescence values can be corrected for temperature effects if the temperature

correction coefficient of the fluorophore being measured is known. Table 2 lists

known temperature correction coefficients. These coefficients (for additional

information regarding chlorophyll see Appendix C) can be used with recorded

temperatures in the following equation to correct temperature effects on fluorescence

values:

Fr = Fs * e

[n (Ts-Tr)]

Where:

Fr is the calculated fluorescence at the reference temperature, Tr

Tr is the reference temperature

Ts is the sample temperature at time of reading Fs

Fs is the sample’s fluorescence at the time the temperature of the sample is

measured, Ts.

e is the base of natural log

n is a temperature coefficient for whatever dye is used (see Table 2)

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