Apogee Instruments SI-4HR Manuale utente

APOGEE INSTRUMENTS, INC. | 721 WEST 1800 NORTH, LOGAN, UTAH 84321, USA

TEL: (435) 792-4700 | FAX: (435) 787-8268 | WEB: APOGEEINSTRUMENTS.COM

OWNER’S MANUAL

INFRARED RADIOMETER

Models SI-4HR

Rev: 31-Aug-2022

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
Owner’s Manual ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1 
Declarations of Conformity...................................................................................................................................................... 3 
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 
Sensor Models ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 
Specifications ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7 
Deployment and Installation.................................................................................................................................................... 8 
Cable Connectors................................................................................................................................................................... 10 
Operation and Measurement ................................................................................................................................................ 11 
Maintenance and Recalibration............................................................................................................................................. 19 
Troubleshooting and Customer Support................................................................................................................................ 20 
Return and Warranty Policy................................................................................................................................................... 21 
 

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

EU Declaration of Conformity

This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer:

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

721 W 1800 N

Logan, Utah 84321

USA

for the following product(s):

Models: SI-4HR

Type: Infrared Radiometer

The object of the declaration described above is in conformity with the relevant Union harmonization legislation:

2014/30/EU Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive

2011/65/EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS 2) Directive

2015/863/EU Amending Annex II to Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS 3)

Standards referenced during compliance assessment:

EN 61326-1:2013 Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use –EMC requirements

EN 63000:2018 Technical documentation for the assessment of electrical and electronic products with

respect to the restriction of hazardous substances

Please be advised that based on the information available to us from our raw material suppliers, the products

manufactured by us do not contain, as intentional additives, any of the restricted materials including lead (see

note below), mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated

diphenyls (PBDE), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and

diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). However, please note that articles containing greater than 0.1 % lead concentration

are RoHS 3 compliant using exemption 6c.

Further note that Apogee Instruments does not specifically run any analysis on our raw materials or end products

for the presence of these substances, but we rely on the information provided to us by our material suppliers.

Signed for and on behalf of:

Apogee Instruments, August 2022

Bruce Bugbee

President

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

UK Declaration of Conformity

This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer:

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

721 W 1800 N

Logan, Utah 84321

USA

for the following product(s):

Models: SI-4HR

Type: Infrared Radiometer

The object of the declaration described above is in conformity with the relevant UK Statutory Instruments and

their amendments:

2016 No. 1091 The Electromagnetic Compatibility Regulations 2016

2012 No. 3032 The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic

Equipment Regulations 2012

Standards referenced during compliance assessment:

BS EN 61326-1:2013 Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use –EMC requirements

BS EN 63000:2018 Technical documentation for the assessment of electrical and electronic products with

respect to the restriction of hazardous substances

Please be advised that based on the information available to us from our raw material suppliers, the products

manufactured by us do not contain, as intentional additives, any of the restricted materials including lead (see

note below), mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated

diphenyls (PBDE), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and

diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). However, please note that articles containing greater than 0.1 % lead concentration

are RoHS 3 compliant using exemption 6c.

Further note that Apogee Instruments does not specifically run any analysis on our raw materials or end products

for the presence of these substances, but we rely on the information provided to us by our material suppliers.

Signed for and on behalf of:

Apogee Instruments, August 2022

Bruce Bugbee

President

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

INTRODUCTION

All objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit electromagnetic radiation. The wavelengths and intensity

of radiation emitted are related to the temperature of the object. Terrestrial surfaces (e.g., soil, plant canopies,

water, snow) emit radiation in the mid infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 4-50 µm).

Infrared radiometers are sensors that measure infrared radiation, which is used to determine surface temperature

without touching the surface (when using sensors that must be in contact with the surface, it can be difficult to

maintain thermal equilibrium without altering surface temperature). Infrared radiometers are often called infrared

thermometers because temperature is the desired quantity, even though the sensors detect radiation.

Typical applications of infrared radiometers include plant canopy temperature measurement for use in plant water

status estimation, road surface temperature measurement for determination of icing conditions, and terrestrial

surface (soil, vegetation, water, snow) temperature measurement in energy balance studies.

Apogee Instruments SI series infrared radiometers consist of a thermopile detector, germanium filter, precision

thermistor (for detector reference temperature measurement), and signal processing circuitry mounted in an

anodized aluminum housing, and a cable to connect the sensor to a measurement device. All radiometers also

come with a radiation shield designed to minimize absorbed solar radiation, but still allowing natural ventilation.

The radiation shield insulates the radiometer from rapid temperature changes and keeps the temperature of the

radiometer closer to the target temperature. Sensors are potted solid with no internal air space and are designed

for continuous temperature measurement of terrestrial surfaces in indoor and outdoor environments. SI-400

series sensors output a digital signal using SDI-12 protocol version 1.3.

The SI-4HR-SS infrared radiometer is developed for road weather networks specifically, with a 10° vertical field of

view, allowing for remote detection of a narrow and distant target roadway. The rectangular-shaped aperture

maximizes the horizontal field of view allowing for a larger integrated measurement without including undesired

target areas such as sky or surrounding terrain.

SENSOR MODELS

The FOV is shown below:

Model

Output

SI-400 Series

SDI-12

SI-100 Series

Voltage

A sensor’s model number and serial number are

located on a label near the pigtail leads on the

sensor cable. If the manufacturing date of a

specific sensor is required, please contact Apogee

Instruments with the serial number of the sensor.

SPECIFICATIONS

Calibration Traceability

Apogee SI series infrared radiometers are calibrated to the temperature of a custom blackbody cone held at

multiple fixed temperatures over a range of radiometer (detector/sensor body) temperatures. The temperature of

the blackbody cone is measured with replicate precision thermistors thermally bonded to the cone surface. The

precision thermistors are calibrated for absolute temperature measurement against a platinum resistance

thermometer (PRT) in a constant temperature bath. The PRT calibration is directly traceable to the NIST.

Spectral Response

SI-4HR-SS

Input Voltage Requirement

5.5 to 24 V DC

Current Drain

1.5 mA (quiescent), 2.0 mA (active)

Calibration Uncertainty (-30 to 65 C), when target and

detector temperature are within 20 C

0.3 C

Calibration Uncertainty (-40 to 80 C), when target and

detector temperate are different by more than 20 C

(see Calibration Traceability below)

0.5 C

Measurement Repeatability

Less than 0.05 C

Stability (Long-term Drift)

Less than 2 % change in slope per year when germanium filter is

maintained in a clean condition (see Maintenance and Recalibration

section below)

Response Time

0.6 s, time for detector signal to reach 95 % following a step change;

fastest data transmission rate for SDI-12 circuitry is 1 s

Field of View

5° vertical half angle; 16° horizontal half angle

Spectral Range

8 to 14 µm; atmospheric window (see Spectral Response below)

Operating Environment

-50 to 80 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity (non-condensing)

Dimensions

23 mm diameter; 76 mm length

Mass

219 g (with 5m of lead wire)

Cable

5 m of two conductor, shielded, twisted-pair wire; TPR jacket (high

water resistance, high UV stability, flexibility in cold conditions);

pigtail lead wires; stainless steel (316), M8 connector located 25 cm

from sensor head

Spectral response of SI series infrared

radiometers. Spectral response (green line) is

determined by the germanium filter and

corresponds closely to the atmospheric window

of 8-14 µm, minimizing interference from

atmospheric absorption/emission bands (blue

line) below 8 µm and above 14 µm. Typical

terrestrial surfaces have temperatures that yield

maximum radiation emission within the

atmospheric window, as shown by the blackbody

curve for a radiator at 28 C (red line).

DEPLOYMENT AND INSTALLATION

The mounting geometry (distance from target surface, angle of orientation relative to target surface) is

determined by the desired area of surface to be measured. The field of view extends unbroken from the sensor to

the target surface. Sensors must be carefully mounted in order to view the desired target and avoid including

unwanted surfaces/objects in the field of view, thereby averaging unwanted temperatures with the target

temperature (see Field of View below). Once mounted, the green cap must be removed. The green cap can be

used as a protective covering for the sensor, when it is not in use.

An Apogee Instruments model AM-220 mounting bracket is recommended for mounting the sensor to a cross arm

or pole. The AM-220 allows adjustment of the angle of the sensor with respect to the target and accommodates

the radiation shield designed for all SI series infrared radiometers.

Field of View

The field of view (FOV) is reported as the half-angle of the apex of the cone formed by the target surface (cone

base) and the detector (cone apex), as shown below, where the target is defined as a circle from which 98 % of the

radiation detected by the radiometer is emitted.

Sensor FOV, distance to target, and sensor mounting angle in relation to the target will determine target area.

Different mounting geometries (distance and angle combinations) produce different target shapes and areas, as

shown below.

CIRCULAR

HORIZONTAL

FOV Area (m²)

Half Angle

FOV Area (m²)

Type

Model

Half Angle

0 Deg

45 Deg

60 Deg

Type

Model

Horizontal

Vertical

0 Deg

45 Deg

60 Deg

Standard

SI-111

22°

2.069

7.627

45.211

Standard

SI-1H1

32°

13°

2.276

7.148

45.512

Narrow

SI-121

18°

1.337

4.461

18.865

Narrow

SI-4HR

16°

5°

0.403

1.15

3.341

Ultra-Narrow

SI-131

14°

0.787

2.447

8.544

A simple FOV calculator for determining target dimensions based on infrared radiometer model, mounting height,

and mounting angle, is available on the Apogee website: https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/irr-calculators.

CABLE CONNECTORS

Apogee offers in-line cable connectors on some bare-

lead sensors to simplify the process of removing

sensors from weather stations for calibration (the

entire cable does not have to be removed from the

station and shipped with the sensor).

The ruggedized M8 connectors are rated IP68, made

of corrosion-resistant marine-grade stainless-steel,

and designed for extended use in harsh

environmental conditions.

Inline cable connectors are installed 30 cm from the

head

(pyranometer pictured)

Instructions

Pins and Wiring Colors: All Apogee connectors

have six pins, but not all pins are used for every

sensor. There may also be unused wire colors

inside the cable. To simplify datalogger connection,

we remove the unused pigtail lead colors at the

datalogger end of the cable.

If a replacement cable is required, please contact

Apogee directly to ensure ordering the proper

pigtail configuration.

Alignment: When reconnecting a sensor, arrows

on the connector jacket and an aligning notch

ensure proper orientation.

Disconnection for extended periods: When

disconnecting the sensor for an extended period of

time from a station, protect the remaining half of

the connector still on the station from water and

dirt with electrical tape or other method.

A reference notch inside the connector ensures

proper alignment before tightening.

When sending sensors in for calibration, only send the

short end of the cable and half the connector.

Tightening: Connectors are designed to be firmly

finger-tightened only. There is an O-ring inside the

connector that can be overly compressed if a

wrench is used. Pay attention to thread alignment

to avoid cross-threading. When fully tightened, 1-2

threads may still be visible.

Finger-tighten firmly

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