Apogee Instruments SIL-111 Manuale utente

APOGEE INSTRUMENTS, INC. | 721 WEST 1800 NORTH, LOGAN, UTAH 84321, USA

TEL: (435) 792-4700 | FAX: (435) 787-8268 | WEB: APOGEEINSTRUMENTS.COM

OWNER’S MANUAL

COMMERCIAL INFRARED

RADIOMETER

Models SIL-111

Rev: 8-Jun-2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS 
Owner’s Manual ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1 
Certificate of Compliance......................................................................................................................................................... 3 
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 
Sensor Models ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 
Specifications ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6 
Deployment and Installation.................................................................................................................................................... 8 
Operation and Measurement ................................................................................................................................................ 10 
Maintenance and Recalibration............................................................................................................................................. 16 
Troubleshooting and Customer Support................................................................................................................................ 17 
Return and Warranty Policy................................................................................................................................................... 19 
 

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

EU Declaration of Conformity

This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer:

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

721 W 1800 N

Logan, Utah 84321

USA

for the following product(s):

Models: SIL-111

Type: Infrared Radiometer

The object of the declaration described above is in conformity with the relevant Union harmonization legislation:

2014/30/EU Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive

2011/65/EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS 2) Directive

2015/863/EU Amending Annex II to Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS 3)

Standards referenced during compliance assessment:

EN 61326-1:2013 Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use –EMC requirements

EN 50581:2012 Technical documentation for the assessment of electrical and electronic products with respect to

the restriction of hazardous substances

Please be advised that based on the information available to us from our raw material suppliers, the products

manufactured by us do not contain, as intentional additives, any of the restricted materials including lead (see

note below), mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated

diphenyls (PBDE), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and

diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). However, please note that articles containing greater than 0.1 % lead concentration

are RoHS 3 compliant using exemption 6c.

Further note that Apogee Instruments does not specifically run any analysis on our raw materials or end products

for the presence of these substances, but we rely on the information provided to us by our material suppliers.

Signed for and on behalf of:

Apogee Instruments, June 2022

Bruce Bugbee

President

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

INTRODUCTION

All objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit electromagnetic radiation. The wavelengths and intensity

of radiation emitted are related to the temperature of the object. Terrestrial surfaces (e.g., soil, plant canopies,

water, snow) emit radiation in the mid infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 4-50 µm).

Infrared radiometers are sensors that measure infrared radiation, which is used to determine surface temperature

without touching the surface (when using sensors that must be in contact with the surface, it can be difficult to

maintain thermal equilibrium without altering surface temperature). Infrared radiometers are often called infrared

thermometers because temperature is the desired quantity, even though the sensors detect radiation.

Typical applications of infrared radiometers include plant canopy temperature measurement for use in plant water

status estimation, road surface temperature measurement for determination of icing conditions, and terrestrial

surface (soil, vegetation, water, snow) temperature measurement in energy balance studies.

Apogee Instruments SIL-111 infrared radiometers consist of a thermopile detector, germanium filter, precision

thermistor (for detector reference temperature measurement), signal processing circuitry mounted in an anodized

aluminum housing, and a cable to connect the sensor to a measurement device. All radiometers also come with a

radiation shield designed to minimize absorbed solar radiation, but still allowing natural ventilation. The radiation

shield insulates the radiometer from rapid temperature changes and keeps the temperature of the radiometer

closer to the target temperature. Sensors are potted solid with no internal air space and are designed for

continuous temperature measurement of terrestrial surfaces in indoor and outdoor environments. The SIL-111

sensors output an analog voltage that is directly proportional to the infrared radiation balance of the target

(surface or object the sensor is pointed at) and detector, where the radiation balance between target and detector

is related to the temperature difference between the two.

SENSOR MODELS

Model

Output

SIL-111

Voltage

SIL-411

SDI-12

A sensor’s model number and serial number are

located on a label near the pigtail leads on the sensor

cable. If you need the manufacturing date of your

sensor, please contact Apogee Instruments with the

serial number of your sensor.

SPECIFICATIONS

Calibration Traceability

Apogee SIL series infrared radiometers are calibrated to the temperature of a custom blackbody cone held at

multiple fixed temperatures over a range of radiometer (detector/sensor body) temperatures. The temperature of

the blackbody cone is measured with replicate precision thermistors thermally bonded to the cone surface. The

precision thermistors are calibrated for absolute temperature measurement against a platinum resistance

thermometer (PRT) in a constant temperature bath. The PRT calibration is directly traceable to the NIST.

SIL-111

Approximate Sensitivity

60 µV per C difference between target and detector temperature

Output from Thermopile

Approximately -3.3 to 3.3 mV for a temperature difference from -55 to 55 C

Output from Thermistor

0 to 2500 mV (typical, depends on input voltage)

Input Voltage Requirement

2500 mV excitation (typical, other voltages can be used)

Calibration Uncertainty (0 to 50 C),

when target and detector

temperature are within 20 C

0.5 C

Measurement Repeatability

Less than 0.05 C

Stability (Long-term Drift)

Less than 2 % change in slope per year when germanium filter is maintained in a

clean condition (see Maintenance and Recalibration section below)

Response Time

0.6 s, time for detector signal to reach 95 % following a step change

Field of View

22° half angle

Spectral Range

8 to 14 µm; atmospheric window (see Spectral Response below)

Operating Environment

-50 to 80 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity (non-condensing)

Dimensions

23 mm diameter, 60 mm length

Mass

190 g (with 5m of lead wire)

Cable

5 m of six conductor, shielded, twisted-pair wire; TPR jacket (high water resistance,

high UV stability, flexibility in cold conditions); pigtail lead wires

Spectral Response

Spectral response of SIL series

infrared radiometers. Spectral

response (green line) is

determined by the germanium

filter and corresponds closely to

the atmospheric window of 8-14

µm, minimizing interference from

atmospheric absorption/emission

bands (blue line) below 8 µm and

above 14 µm. Typical terrestrial

surfaces have temperatures that

yield maximum radiation emission

within the atmospheric window,

as shown by the blackbody curve

for a radiator at 28 C (red line).

DEPLOYMENT AND INSTALLATION

The mounting geometry (distance from target surface, angle of orientation relative to target surface) is

determined by the desired area of surface to be measured. The field of view extends unbroken from the sensor to

the target surface. Sensors must be carefully mounted in order to view the desired target and avoid including

unwanted surfaces/objects in the field of view, thereby averaging unwanted temperatures with the target

temperature (see Field of View below). Once mounted, the green cap must be removed. The green cap can be

used as a protective covering for the sensor when it is not in use.

An Apogee Instruments model AM-250 mounting bracket is recommended for mounting the sensor to a cross arm

or pole. The AM-250 allows adjustment of the angle of the sensor with respect to the target and accommodates

the radiation shield designed for SIL-111 infrared radiometers.

Field of View

The field of view (FOV) is reported as the half-angle of the apex of the cone formed by the target surface (cone

base) and the detector (cone apex), as shown below, where the target is defined as a circle from which 98 % of the

radiation detected by the radiometer is emitted.

Sensor FOV, distance to target, and sensor mounting angle in relation to the target will determine target area.

Different mounting geometries (distance and angle combinations) produce different target shapes and areas, as

shown below.

Model

Half Angle

Mounting Height (m)

FOV Area (m²)

0°

45°

60°

SIL-111

22°

1.0

0.51

1.90

11.26

SIL-111

22°

2.0

2.05

7.58

45.0

SIL-111

22°

3.0

4.62

17.1

101.3

A simple FOV calculator for determining target dimensions based on infrared radiometer model, mounting height,

and mounting angle, is available on the Apogee website: https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/irr-calculators.

White: High side of differential channel (positive

thermopile lead)

Black: Low side of differential channel (negative

thermopile lead)

Green: Single-ended channel (positive thermistor lead)

Blue: Analog ground (negative thermistor lead)

Red: Excitation channel (excitation for thermistor)

Clear: Shield/Ground

OPERATION AND MEASUREMENT

The SIL-111 radiometer outputs two signals: a voltage from the thermopile radiation detector (proportional to the

radiation balance between target and detector) and a voltage from the thermistor (proportional to the magnitude

of the excitation voltage and resistance of thermistor). The voltage output from the thermopile is an electrically-

isolated bipolar (polarity is dependent on temperature difference between sensor and target) signal in the

microvolt range and requires a high-resolution differential measurement. The voltage output from the thermistor

can be measured with a single-ended measurement. In order to maximize measurement resolution and signal-to-

noise ratio, the input range of the measurement device should closely match the output range of the infrared

radiometer. DO NOT connect the thermopile (white and black wires) to a power source. The detector is self-

powered and applying voltage will damage it. Only the red wire should be connected to a power source.

Wiring for SIL-111

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