Apogee Instruments SP-422 Manuale utente

APOGEE INSTRUMENTS, INC. | 721 WEST 1800 NORTH, LOGAN, UTAH 84321, USA

TEL: (435) 792-4700 | FAX: (435) 787-8268 | WEB: APOGEEINSTRUMENTS.COM

OWNER’S MANUAL

PYRANOMETER

Models SP-422

Rev: 26-Sept-2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS 
Owner’s Manual ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1 
Certificates of Compliance ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 
Sensor Models ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 
Specifications ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7 
Deployment and Installation.................................................................................................................................................. 10 
Cable Connectors................................................................................................................................................................... 11 
Operation and Measurement .............................................................................................................................................. 111
Maintenace and Recalibration............................................................................................................................................. 168
Troubleshooting and Customer Support................................................................................................................................ 20 
Return and Warranty Policy................................................................................................................................................. 221
 

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

EU Declaration of Conformity

This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer:

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

721 W 1800 N

Logan, Utah 84321

USA

for the following product(s):

Models: SP-422

Type: Pyranometer

The object of the declaration described above is in conformity with the relevant Union harmonization legislation:

2014/30/EU Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive

2011/65/EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS 2) Directive

2015/863/EU Amending Annex II to Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS 3)

Standards referenced during compliance assessment:

EN 61326-1:2013 Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use –EMC requirements

EN 63000:2018 Technical documentation for the assessment of electrical and electronic products with

respect to the restriction of hazardous substances

Please be advised that based on the information available to us from our raw material suppliers, the products

manufactured by us do not contain, as intentional additives, any of the restricted materials including lead (see

note below), mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated

diphenyls (PBDE), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and

diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). However, please note that articles containing greater than 0.1 % lead concentration

are RoHS 3 compliant using exemption 6c.

Further note that Apogee Instruments does not specifically run any analysis on our raw materials or end products

for the presence of these substances, but we rely on the information provided to us by our material suppliers.

Signed for and on behalf of:

Apogee Instruments, September 2022

Bruce Bugbee

President

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

UK Declaration of Conformity

This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer:

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

721 W 1800 N

Logan, Utah 84321

USA

for the following product(s):

Models: SP-422

Type: Pyranometer

The object of the declaration described above is in conformity with the relevant UK Statutory Instruments and

their amendments:

2016 No. 1091 The Electromagnetic Compatibility Regulations 2016

2012 No. 3032 The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic

Equipment Regulations 2012

Standards referenced during compliance assessment:

BS EN 61326-1:2013 Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use –EMC requirements

BS EN 63000:2018 Technical documentation for the assessment of electrical and electronic products with

respect to the restriction of hazardous substances

Please be advised that based on the information available to us from our raw material suppliers, the products

manufactured by us do not contain, as intentional additives, any of the restricted materials including lead (see

note below), mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated

diphenyls (PBDE), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and

diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). However, please note that articles containing greater than 0.1 % lead concentration

are RoHS 3 compliant using exemption 6c.

Further note that Apogee Instruments does not specifically run any analysis on our raw materials or end products

for the presence of these substances, but we rely on the information provided to us by our material suppliers.

Signed for and on behalf of:

Apogee Instruments, September 2022

Bruce Bugbee

President

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

INTRODUCTION

Solar radiation at Earth’s surface is typically defined as total radiation across a wavelength range of 280 to 4000

nm (shortwave radiation). Total solar radiation, direct beam and diffuse, incident on a horizontal surface is defined

as global shortwave radiation, or shortwave irradiance (incident radiant flux), and is expressed in Watts per square

meter (W m-2, equal to Joules per second per square meter).

Pyranometers are sensors that measure global shortwave radiation. Apogee SP series pyranometers are silicon-cell

pyranometers that are only sensitive to a portion of the solar spectrum, approximately 350 to 1100 nm

(approximately 80 % of total shortwave radiation is within this range). However, silicon-cell pyranometers are

calibrated to estimate total shortwave radiation across the entire solar spectrum. Silicon-cell pyranometer

specifications compare favorably to specifications for World Meteorological Organization (WMO) moderate and

good quality classifications and specifications for International Organization of Standardization (ISO) second class

and first-class classifications, but because of limited spectral sensitivity, they do not meet the spectral specification

necessary for WMO or ISO certification.

Typical applications of silicon-cell pyranometers include incoming shortwave radiation measurement in

agricultural, ecological, and hydrological weather networks, and solar panel arrays.

Apogee Instruments SP series pyranometers consist of a cast acrylic diffuser (filter), photodiode, and signal

processing circuitry mounted in an anodized aluminum housing, and a cable to connect the sensor to a

measurement device. Sensors are potted solid with no internal air space and are designed for continuous total

shortwave radiation measurement on a planar surface in outdoor environments. The SP-422 model outputs a

digital signal using Modbus RTU communication protocol over RS-232 or RS-485.

SENSOR MODELS

This manual covers the Modbus RTU protocol model SP-422 pyranometer sensor (in bold below). Additional

models are covered in their respective manuals.

*Pyranometer model SP-230 is similar to model SP-110, but includes internal heaters designed to keep the diffuser

free of precipitation events such as dew or frost.

Model

Signal

SP-422

Modbus

SP-110

Self-powered

SP-230*

Self-powered

SP-212

0-2.5 V

SP-214

4-20 mA

SP-215

0-5 V

SP-420

USB

SP-421

SDI-12

A sensor’s model number and serial number are

located on the bottom of the sensor. If you need

the manufacturing date of your sensor, please

contact Apogee Instruments with the serial number

of your sensor.

SPECIFICATIONS

Calibration Traceability

Apogee Instruments SP series pyranometers are calibrated through side-by-side comparison to the mean of four

Apogee model SP-110 transfer standard pyranometers (shortwave radiation reference) under high intensity

discharge metal halide lamps. The transfer standard pyranometers are calibrated through side-by-side comparison

to the mean of at least two ISO-classified reference pyranometers under sunlight (clear sky conditions) in Logan,

Utah. Each of four ISO-classified reference pyranometers are recalibrated on an alternating year schedule (two

instruments each year) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado. NREL reference

standards are calibrated to the World Radiometric Reference (WRR) in Davos, Switzerland.

SP-422

ISO 9060:2018

Class C (fast response)

Input Voltage Requirement

5.5 to 24 V

Average Max Current Draw

RS-232 37 mA;

RS-485 quiescent 37 mA, active 42 mA

Calibration Uncertainty at

1000 W m-2

Less than 3 % (see Calibration Traceability below)

Measurement Repeatability

Less than 1 %

Long-term Drift

(Non-stability)

Less than 2 % per year

Non-linearity

Less than 1 % (up to 2000 W m-2)

Field of View

180°

Spectral Range

360 to 1120 nm (wavelengths where response is 10% of maximum;

see Spectral Response below)

Directional (Cosine)

Response

± 5 % at 75° zenith angle (see Cosine Response below)

Temperature Response

0.04 ± 0.04 % per C (see Temperature Response below)

Operating Environment

-40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to 30 m

Dimensions

30.5 diameter, 37 mm height

Mass (with 5 m of cable)

140 g

Cable

5 m of four conductor, shielded, twisted-pair wire; TPR jacket; pigtail lead wires; stainless

steel (316), M8 connector

Spectral Response

Temperature Response

Mean temperature response of four

Apogee silicon-cell pyranometers.

Temperature response measurements

were made at approximately 10 C

intervals across a temperature range of

approximately -10 to 50 C under

sunlight. Each pyranometer had an

internal thermistor to measure

temperature. At each temperature set

point, a reference blackbody

pyranometer was used to measure solar

intensity.

Spectral response estimate of Apogee

silicon-cell pyranometers. Spectral

response was estimated by multiplying

the spectral response of the

photodiode, diffuser, and adhesive.

Spectral response measurements of

diffuser and adhesive were made with a

spectrometer, and spectral response

data for the photodiode were obtained

from the manufacturer.

Slope = 0.041 % per C

Cosine Response

Mean cosine response of eleven Apogee

silicon-cell pyranometers (error bars

represent two standard deviations

above and below mean). Cosine

response measurements were made

during broadband outdoor radiometer

calibrations (BORCAL) performed during

two different years at the National

Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in

Golden, Colorado. Cosine response was

calculated as the relative difference of

pyranometer sensitivity at each solar

zenith angle to sensitivity at 45° solar

zenith angle. The blue symbols are AM

measurements, the red symbols are PM

measurements.

Directional, or cosine, response is

defined as the measurement error at a

specific angle of radiation incidence.

Error for Apogee silicon-cell

pyranometers is approximately ± 2 %

and ± 5 % at solar zenith angles of 45°

and 75°, respectively.

Important: Only use the nylon screw provided when

mounting to insulate the non-anodized threads of

the aluminum sensor head from the base to help

prevent galvanic corrosion. For extended

submersion applications, more insulation may be

necessary. Contact Apogee tech support for details.

DEPLOYMENT AND INSTALLATION

Mount the sensor to a solid surface with the nylon mounting screw provided. To accurately measure PPFD incident

on a horizontal surface, the sensor must be level. An Apogee Instruments model AL-100 Leveling Plate is

recommended to level the sensor when used on a flat surface or being mounted to surfaces such as wood. To

facilitate mounting on a mast or pipe, the Apogee Instruments model AL-120 Solar Mounting Bracket with Leveling

Plate is recommended.

To minimize azimuth error, the sensor should be mounted with the cable pointing toward true north in the

northern hemisphere or true south in the southern hemisphere. Azimuth error is typically less than 1 %, but it is

easy to minimize by proper cable orientation.

In addition to orienting the cable to point toward the nearest pole, the sensor should also be mounted such that

obstructions (e.g., weather station tripod/tower or other instrumentation) do not shade the sensor. Once

mounted, the green cap should be removed from the sensor. The green cap can be used as a protective covering

for the sensor when it is not in use.

Model AL-100

Nylon Screw: 10-32x3/8

Model AL-120

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