National Instruments NI 9759 Manuale utente

USER MANUAL

NI 9759

NI Powertrain Controls Electronic Throttle Driver Module

Contents

Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1

Pinout........................................................................................................................................ 2

Hardware .................................................................................................................................. 2

Powering the Module................................................................................................................ 3

Platform Compatibility ............................................................................................................. 3

H-Bridge Drivers ...................................................................................................................... 4

Analog Inputs ........................................................................................................................... 5

Throttle Control ........................................................................................................................ 7

Compliance and Certifications ................................................................................................. 9

Physical Specifications and Characteristics ............................................................................. 11

Introduction

The National Instruments 9759 Electronic Throttle Driver Module includes a CompactRIO

(cRIO) module for driving passenger car electronic throttle bodies up to 70 mm in diameter. A

typical example of electronic throttle bodies which this module is capable of driving is the

Bosch DV-E5 series which range from 32 mm to 68 mm in diameter. The module is capable of

driving most other electronic throttle bodies within that size range.

2|ni.com |NI 9759 User Manual

The NI 9759 includes a LabVIEW FPGA VI for controlling two H-Bridge driver channels

independently and a set of RT VIs which allow the user to calibrate the throttle control algorithm

in engineering units. The FPGA VI may be used by itself for driving any small DC motor other

than an electronic throttle. This manual will focus on the application of electronic throttle

position control. The features included are listed below:

Features

• 2-Ch. H-Bridge Drivers for dual electronic throttle control

• 2-Ch. analog input for throttle position feedback

• Short circuit and over-temperature protection with fault reporting

• Battery voltage, current sensing and module temperature measurements

• LabVIEW FPGA VI for H-Bridge control and interface

• LabVIEW RT VI for electronic throttle position control

• External power supply of 7 V to 32 V (See Powering the Module)

Pinout

Figure 1. NI 9759 Pin Assignments

Hardware

The NI 9759 includes two H-Bridge drivers and analog position feedback in a NI CompactRIO

module.

BATT

H1B

H1A

H2B

H2A

5 V OUT

AN1

AN2

GND

NI 9759 User Manual |© National Instruments |3

Powering the Module

The NI 9759 requires power from two different sources, the CompactRIO backplane male high

density D-SUB 15-pin (HD15) connector and the external screw-terminal connector.

The HD15 connector mates with the module's female HD15 connector and provides a regulated

5 V and ground to various digital logic functions. The CompactRIO 5 V source is active

whenever the CompactRIO or R Series Expansion Chassis is properly powered. The module

should only be powered at the HD15 connector by plugging it into a CompactRIO or R Series

Expansion Chassis. The module's HD15 connector should not be connected to any other device.

The external screw-terminal connector has terminals labeled BATT (0) and GND (9). Typical

power sources will be from automotive 12 V or 24 V battery systems. The NI 9759 can accept

power from a range of 7 V to 32 V. However, the H-bridge power stages have a minimum voltage

requirement of 11 V. Therefore, if the module external power is in the range of 7 V to 11 V, then

communication with the module will be active, but the power stage will be inactive. The

active/inactive status of the power stage is not reported back to the RIO device driver. Without

throttles connected, the module requires a maximum 100 mA from the external supply. Driving

a single throttle under full load requires a maximum of 60 W peak and 30 W continuous. Driving

two throttles at full load requires a maximum 120 W peak and 60 W continuous.

The NI 9759 requires both external power and power from the CompactRIO backplane. The

NI 9759 directs the high current path through the BATT (0) and GND (9) terminals on the front

of the NI 9759 and not through the HD15 backplane connector.

Note The NI 9759 will not be recognized by software without both power supplies

active.

Caution The external battery supply input terminals are not reverse voltage

polarity protected. Connecting power to the NI 9759 in reverse polarity will cause

damage. This event is not covered by the warranty.

Platform Compatibility

NI Powertrain Control modules require a hardware support system to function. You cannot use

the modules independently or interfaced with third-party devices at the backplane HD15

connector. NI Powertrain Control modules are compatible with the following National

Instruments platforms:

• CompactRIO, which consists of a CompactRIO controller, chassis, or integrated

controller/chassis.

• NI PXI, which consists of any NI PXI chassis, NI PXI RT controller, and NI PXI-78xxR

R Series FPGA card. The NI Powertrain Control modules insert into an NI R Series

expansion chassis. Connect an NI R Series expansion chassis to the NI PXI FPGA card

using a SHC68-68-RDIO cable.

4|ni.com |NI 9759 User Manual

Note NI Powertrain Control modules are not compatible with the National

Instruments CompactDAQ chassis.

You can use NI Powertrain Control modules with NI cRIO-911x, NI cRIO-907x, and NI R Series

Expansion systems under the following conditions:

• Leave one empty chassis slot between NI Powertrain Control modules and other NI

modules.

• Maintain an ambient system operating temperature of 0 °C to 45 °C.

Note Typical specifications of National Instruments modules might not apply when

used in a system with NI Powertrain Control modules.

Note National Instruments guarantees warranted specifications for all National

Instruments modules except thermocouple modules when used in a system with

NI Powertrain Control modules.

Note National Instruments recommends the NI 9214 for thermocouple

measurements in CompactRIO systems using NI Powertrain Control modules.

Note NI Powertrain Control modules do not support Scan Interface mode,

auto-detection, or ID mode.

H-Bridge Drivers

The NI 9759 includes a CompactRIO (cRIO) module for driving passenger car electronic throttle

bodies up to 70 mm in diameter. A typical example of electronic throttle bodies which the

NI 9759 is capable of driving, is the Bosch DV-E5 series which range from 32 mm to 68 mm in

diameter. The NI 9759 is capable of driving most other electronic throttle bodies within that size

range.

Each H-Bridge circuit is capable of driving 3 A continuously and a 6 A peak. It provides current

sensing feedback as well as over-current and over-temp protection. In the case of a short circuit,

where 10 A is exceeded or a temperature of 140 °C is exceeded within the driver FETs, a fault

flag will be generated and the circuit will shutdown until the fault condition is removed. Monitor

the current and temperature values and disable the circuit programmatically if current exceeds

6 A or the internal module temperature exceeds 85 °C. The temperature is automatically

monitored within the throttle_rt_control.vi.

Each H-Bridge circuit automatically eliminates shoot-through current and provides internal

clamp diodes for inductive loads.

NI 9759 User Manual |© National Instruments |5

Analog Inputs

The NI 9759 provides two external analog inputs for accepting 0 V to 5 V signals. The primary

purpose of these inputs is for measuring potentiometer voltages. A regulated 5 V output and

ground terminal is provided for powering the potentiometer(s) of an electronic throttle body.

Caution The 5 V output is not protected against short circuit to higher voltage

sources. Do not short this terminal to the H-Bridge driver terminals or BATT

terminal.

Other analog signals are also measured internal to the module and reported by the supplied VIs.

All measured analog signals are listed below:

• Battery Voltage (V)

• H-Bridge 1 Current (A)

• H-Bridge 2 Current (A)

• H-Bridge 1 Fault Line (reported with boolean, T=Fault, F=No Fault)

• H-Bridge 2 Fault Line (reported with boolean, T=Fault, F=No Fault)

• External Analog Input 1 (0 V to 5 V, Screw-Terminal 6)

• External Analog Input 2 (0 V to 5 V, Screw-Terminal 7)

• Internal Temperature

All eight analog inputs are sampled with a single multiplexed A/D converter at an aggregate rate

of 17.84 kHz. Each analog signal is sampled at 2.23 kHz. The A/D result can be used directly at

the FPGA level in ADC counts or at the RT level in converted engineering units.

The external analog inputs are protected from -6 V to +12 V inputs.

The external analog inputs are for connecting all wires of an electronic throttle directly to the

NI 9759. You can programmatically use the analog values for throttle control feedback. Other

analog inputs from another module may also be used to provide throttle position. Most electronic

throttle bodies have redundant position signals. When using only one electronic throttle, both

position signals may be connected to the NI 9759 and redundant throttle position is available.

When two electronic throttle bodies are used, only one position signal from each throttle may be

connected to the NI 9759, and redundant throttle position is not available. The additional

position signals may be connected to other analog inputs from other modules, making redundant

throttle position available for both throttles. A redundant position algorithm must be provided

by the user.

Figure 2 and 3 below show the typical connections for controlling single or dual throttles,

respectively. Table 1 below shows the terminal connections to a standard Bosch DV-E5

electronic throttle body.

6|ni.com |NI 9759 User Manual

Figure 2. Terminal Connections to a Single Electronic Throttle Body

Figure 3. Terminal Connections to Dual Electronic Throttle Bodies

H1B - Motor +

5 V Out - Position Ref. High

AN1 - Position Signal 1

AN2 - Position Signal 2

GND - Position Ground

GND

BATT

12 V Battery

NEG POS

H1A - Motor –

H1B - Motor +

5 V Out - Position Ref. High

AN1 - Position Signal 1

AN2 - Position Signal 2

GND - Position Ground

GND

BATT

12 V Battery

NEG POS

H1A - Motor –

H2B - Motor +

H2A - Motor –

NI 9759 User Manual |© National Instruments |7

Visit ni.com/info and enter Info Code THROTTLE for more information about parts and

accessories for the NI 9759.

Throttle Control

NI provides a flexible throttle position control algorithm with the NI 9759. Follow the throttle

control example included in the driver package for implementing throttle control in your engine

control application. Perform throttle control at a rate of 100 to 200 Hz, even if your engine

control algorithms require execution at another rate, a separate timed loop can be created to

implement throttle control. The throttle control VI uses position values in terms of degrees, but

percentages can be used instead.

The throttle control algorithm calculates a final voltage to be applied to the throttle body DC

motor. The final voltage is applied by means of a PWM duty cycle, with battery voltage being

the maximum possible voltage. The control voltage may be compensated for actual battery

voltage, if it deviates from the nominal battery voltage, according to BattCompEnable. The

compensated voltage is converted to a signed PWM duty cycle at a fixed frequency of 500 Hz.

The throttle control VI output results are in terms of 40 MHz clock ticks to be wired to the FPGA

period and pulse width parameters.

Table 1. Connection Table Specific for Standard Bosch DV-E5 Electronic Throttle Bodies

DV-E5 Pin Description

Module Terminal

(Throttle1/Throttle2) Description

1Motor - T2/T4 H1A/H2A

2Potentiometer Ground T8 GND

3Potentiometer Reference T5 5V Out

4Motor + T1/T3 H1B/H2B

5Potentiometer 2 Signal T6/T7 AN1/AN2

6Potentiometer 1 Signal T6/T7 AN1/AN2

Table 2. Standard Bosch DV-E5 Throttle Bodies

Throttle Body Diameter (mm) Bosch Part Number

32 0 280 750 148

40 0 280 750 149

54 0 280 750 150

60 0 280 750 151

68 0 280 750 152

8|ni.com |NI 9759 User Manual

The throttle control algorithm involves four major functions:

1. The angle setpoint (reference), ThetaR is compensated by a user defined lead and lag time.

These parameters will sharpen or dull the changes in setpoint.

2. A proportional, integral and derivative action is calculated based on two sets of PID gains,

above or below the default limp-home region. The reason for two sets of gains is because

electronic throttle bodies typically have stiffer spring return rates applied to angles below

the limp-home region.

3. A limp-home compensation value is added to the PID value to assist with travel through the

limp-home region. This compensation can minimize the flat control spot often found as the

throttle plate moves through the limp-home region.

4. A stiction compensation value is added to the PID value to assist with small error control.

When the throttle plate approaches the setpoint, stiction in the throttle motor gearing can be

significant enough such that PID control alone will cause integral overshoot. Stiction

compensation will apply small alternating forces to assist the PID integral action.

5. Battery voltage compensation is optionally added to the final output to compensate for

battery voltage fluctuations away from the nominal voltage.

In general, the final voltage u (V) is a sum of three components and optionally multiplied by a

battery compensation factor:

u (V) = [PID(V) + Stiction Comp(V) + Limp-Home Comp(V)] × Battery Comp Factor

The first calibration which the user should tune is throttle angle versus sensor voltage. A linear

equation can be used, as well as a two-point 1D lookup table.

1. Manually close the throttle plate completely to determine the minimum sensor voltage. If

the radii of the throttle body opening and the throttle plate are measured, then the minimum

throttle angle can be calculated by using an inverse cosine calculation, or by approximating

the small angle with sine.

2. Manually open the throttle plate to wide-open-throttle, noting the maximum sensor voltage.

3. Assume the wide-open-throttle angle to be 90 degrees.

4. After calibrating for position versus voltage, enter the value for ThetaLH (default

limp-home position). It is recommended that the sensor voltages entered into the position

calibration for the upper and lower limits be slightly narrowed so that position control at

these points does not overwork the driver, trying to achieve positions that are not possible

as sensing conditions change. Another way to prevent this condition is to limit the setpoint

range to a small position away from the physical limits.

5. Implement a filter on throttle position. A second order, lowpass Butterworth filter with a

cuttoff frequency of 25 Hz is suggested. The filter is most effective during small-error

control.

6. The throttle_rt_data_convert_revx.vi already implements a 25 Hz filter on the

analog input voltages. If this VI is used for position, a filter is not required.

7. Begin control calibration with zero for all Lead/Lag, PID and compensation calibration

parameters.

8. Begin tuning PID gains for angles above ThetaLH.

NI 9759 User Manual |© National Instruments |9

9. Introduce TLead and TLag values as necessary.

10. Begin tuning PID gains for angles below ThetaLH. ULH and US compensation should be

tuned last. The default values saved for the example application were derived for a 68 mm

Bosch DV-E5 throttle body. The default values will work well for smaller throttle bodies,

with minor adjustments.

Note ThetaR should not be allowed to exceed the minimum and maximum angles

of the throttle. This will force the controller to drive more current than the throttle or

module can sustain. The force exerted may also mechanically damage the throttle

body.

Compliance and Certifications

Safety

This product meets the requirements of the following standards of safety for electrical equipment

for measurement, control, and laboratory use:

• IEC 61010-1, EN 61010-1

• UL 61010-1, CSA 61010-1

Electromagnetic Compatibility

This product meets the requirements of the following EMC standards for electrical equipment

for measurement, control, and laboratory use:

• EN 61326-1 (IEC 61326-1): Class A emissions; Industrial immunity

• EN 55011 (CISPR 11): Group 1, Class A emissions

• AS/NZS CISPR 11: Group 1, Class A emissions

• FCC 47 CFR Part 15B: Class A emissions

• ICES-001: Class A emissions

Caution When operating this product, use shielded cables and accessories.

CE Compliance

This product meets the essential requirements of applicable European Directives as follows:

• 2006/95/EC; Low-Voltage Directive (safety)

• 2004/108/EC; Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC)

10 |ni.com |NI 9759 User Manual

Environmental Management

NI is committed to designing and manufacturing products in an environmentally responsible

manner. NI recognizes that eliminating certain hazardous substances from our products is

beneficial to the environment and to NI customers.

For additional environmental information, refer to the Minimize Our Environmental Impact web

page at ni.com/environment. This page contains the environmental regulations and

directives with which NI complies, as well as other environmental information not included in

this document.

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

EU Customers At the end of the product life cycle, all products must be sent to

a WEEE recycling center. For more information about WEEE recycling centers,

National Instruments WEEE initiatives, and compliance with WEEE Directive

2002/96/EC on Waste and Electronic Equipment, visit ni.com/environment/

weee.

Battery Replacement and Disposal

Battery Directive This device contains a long-life coin cell battery. If you need

to replace it, use the Return Material Authorization (RMA) process or contact an

authorized National Instruments service representative. For more information

about compliance with the EU Battery Directives 2006/66/EC about Batteries

and Accumulators and Waste Batteries and Accumulators, visit ni.com/

environment/batterydirective.

Ferrite Requirement for EMC Compliance

Install clamp-on ferrite beads onto both the power supply cable and the signal cables. Power to

the module must be off when adding ferrites. Ferrites must be connected to the power cable and

the signal cable as close to the module as possible. Placing the ferrite elsewhere on the cable

noticeably impairs its effectiveness. Determine the clamp-on ferrite beads to install based on

your application. Use the following ferrites or other similar ferrites:

• Power cables to CompactRIO and module: Laird 28A0592-0A2 (2 total)

• AN1, AN2, GND: Wurth Electronics 7427154 (four turns through ferrite)

• H1B, H1A, H2B, H2A: Wurth Electronics 7427154 (four turns through ferrite)

Cd/Hg/Pb

⬉ᄤֵᙃѻક∵ᶧ᥻ࠊㅵ⧚ࡲ⊩ ˄Ё೑ RoHS˅

Ё೑ᅶ᠋ National Instruments ヺড়Ё೑⬉ᄤֵᙃѻકЁ䰤ࠊՓ⫼ᶤѯ᳝ᆇ⠽䋼ᣛҸ

(RoHS)Ǆ݇Ѣ National Instruments Ё೑ RoHS ড়㾘ᗻֵᙃˈ䇋ⱏᔩ ni.com/

environment/rohs_chinaǄ(For information about China RoHS compliance,

go to ni.com/environment/rohs_china.)

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