Agilent Technologies N4010A Istruzioni per l'installazione e il funzionamento

Agilent N4010A Wireless Connectivity

Test Set Performance Guide Using the

89601A Vector Signal Analysis Software

and the 89607A WLAN Test Suite Software

Application Note

Table of Contents

Introduction… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Product Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

N4010A/89601A Features . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Performance Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Time and Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Measurement, Display, and Control. . . . . 7

Software Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Vector Modulation Analysis

(Option 89601A-AYA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Wireless LAN Modulation Analysis

(Option 89601A-B7R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Wireless LAN Test Suite Software

(89607A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Appendix:

Required hardware and software . . . . 19

Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Introduction

This guide characterizes the

performance of the N4010A wireless

connectivity test set and the

89601A vector signal analysis VSA)

software combination. The N4010A/

89601A combination adds the

flexible digital demodulation and

analysis capabilities of the 89601A

software to the frequency coverage

and capabilities of the N4010A.

This guide also characterizes the

performance of the N4010A and the

89607A wireless LAN WLAN) test

suite software combination. The

N4010A/ 89607A combination allows

for quick and accurate standards-

based transmitter testing for

IEEE 802.11b/g formats.

Product Overview

N4010A wireless connectivity

test set

The N4010A is a test set designed to

quickly and accurately measure

emerging wireless connectivity

formats in the 2.4 GHz band. The

N4010A offers two bandwidth

selections of 5 and 22 MHz, making

the N4010A an ideal test platform

for Bluetooth™ and WLAN RF

measurements. The N4010A with

Bluetooth Option 101 is an effective

measurement tool for development,

integration, pre-qualification, and

volume manufacturing. Use Option

N4010A-101, with eight different

Bluetooth RF cases, for making

transmitter and receiver measure-

ments as defined in the Bluetooth 1.1

RF test specification. The Bluetooth

test set also includes an internal test

sequencer to shorten test and devel-

opment time. The N4010A with

WLAN Option 102 includes integrat-

ed source and receiver hardware to

verify that 802.11b/g modules and

devices meet their RF design

requirements.

89601A VSA software

The 89601A VSA software provides

flexible tools for making RF and

modulation quality measurements

on digital communication signals.

Analyze a wide variety of standard

and non-standard signal formats

with the 89601A software. Standard

signal presets cover GSM, EDGE,

cdmaOne, cdma2000, W-CDMA,

Bluetooth, 802.11a/b/g, and more.

For emerging standards, the 89601A

software series offers 24 digital

demodulators with variable center

frequency, symbol rate, filter type,

and filter alpha/BT. A user-adjustable

adaptive equalizer is also provided.

Quickly evaluate and troubleshoot

digitally modulated signals with the

modulation analysis tools in the

89601A software. Examine symbol

behavior with trellis/eye diagrams.

Use the constellation and vector

diagrams for an overall indication of

signal behavior and to obtain clues

to the cause of the problem. Take

advantage of the EVM, EVM

spectrum, and EVM time capabilities

for more sensitive examination of

signal errors.

Perform time domain analysis using

the 89601A software RF scope

capability. Evaluate pulse shape

with the main time display, select

specific portions of a burst for

analysis with the time gating

feature, and use statistical tools

such as CCDF and CDF to character-

ize the noise-like behavior of your

modern communication signal.

Simplify the characterization of your

signal with the zero-span spectrum

analysis tools in the 89601A analysis

software. With the wide selection

of spans available in the 89601A

software, match your measurement

span to your signal bandwidth, to

maximize signal-to-noise ratio SNR)

analysis. FFT-based resolution

bandwidths down to less than 1 Hz

provide all the resolution needed for

frequency domain investigations.

A power spectral density PSD)

function is useful for estimating

the level of the noise floor when

calculating SNR. Additionally, a

spectrogram display is provided for

monitoring the wideband behavior

of hopping signals over time.

89607A WLAN test suite software

The 89607A standards-based test

suite provides the convenience of

automatic, one-button test set-up

and execution. It also provides you

with the confidence of knowing your

design is being tested based on

the techniques, parameters, and

specifications set down in the IEEE

802.11a/b/g standards.

The 89607A WLAN test suite

software is ideal for characterizing

overall physical PHY) layer per-

formance of your WLAN transmitter.

Evaluate your transmitter design

against the IEEE standards. Take

advantage of its standardized tests

to qualify parts or do acceptance

testing. Use the software for

manufacturing test; you can even

modify the pass/fail limits to add

some margin between what IEEE

requires and what test you do.

N4010A/89601A/89607A

combination

In the N4010A/89601A combination,

the N4010A can be used as a wire-

less connectivity test set to link with

other Bluetooth devices and check

for correct operation by making

parametric measurements on the

device under test. Use the 89601A to

extend the testing capabilities of

the N4010A by measuring and

graphically displaying modulation

quality of your Bluetooth signal.

With the N4010A and Option

89601A-B7R or 89607A software,

the N4010A/89601A/89607A

combination can be used to test and

troubleshoot WLAN modules and

devices. The N4010A with Option

89601A-B7R can be used for flexible

modulation analysis to quickly

locate design problems. The N4010A

with the 89607A software can be

used test WLAN modules to the

specifications set down in the IEEE

802.11b/g standards with one-

button pass/fail testing.

This combination can measure

active signals or signals captured in

the N4010A’s memory. The N4010A

or the N4010A/89601A combination

can examine active signals. Switching

between the two products is

facilitated by an easy disconnect/

restart menu selection in the

89601A user interface.

The 89601A/89607A software runs

on a PC connected to the N4010A

via LAN, USB, or GPIB and provides

hardware control, modulation analy-

sis, evaluation, and troubleshooting

along with complete results displays.

The controls and display of the

N4010A are disabled while operat-

ing the 89601A/89607A software.

N4010A/89601A Features

The N4010A/89601A combination

requires a PC for the software’s

operation. Detailed configuration

requirements for the N4010A, the

software, and the PC are provided in

the appendix.

N4010A feature availability

When the N4010A is controlled by

the 89601A software, users have

control of the following features via

the 89601A software

Frequency: the center frequency of

the N4010A is controlled and the

89601A software displays its

current setting

Span: zero-span only. Maximum

setting is 22 MHz. Zero-span

control and the display of its

current setting are provided by the

89601A software

Triggering: IF magnitude, external

TTL, level, delay, and slope

External reference: 10 MHz

Disconnect/restart: pause the

89600 software to gain immediate,

direct access to all of the N4010A’s

features by using the disconnect

capability on the VSA software’s

control menu

89601A feature availability

When the 89601A software is used

with the N4010A, almost all of the

features of the 89601A and its

options are available. See the

appendix for details.)

These features include

• recording of time waveforms,

allowing you to re-analyze signals

and store them for future

comparisons

• 24 flexible digital demodulators

settable in center frequency,

symbol rate, filter type, and filter

α/BT

• a complete set of vector signal

analysis and modulation analysis

displays including: constellation,

eye diagram, EVM spectrum, EVM

spectrum, EVM time, error screens,

multiple trace displays, and a

spectrogram display

• flexible marker capabilities

including time gating, integrated

band power, and offset delta)

markers

• a link to Agilent signal sources for

download and playback of signals

in the signal capture memory

• complete save and recall of your

signals, trace data, and measure-

ment screens

• easy cut and paste to other PC

applications

The 89601A software’s swept

spectrum analysis capability is not

supported.

Performance Summary

The following is a summary of the

features and capabilities provided

by the N4010A in combination with

the 89601A software. These are

nominal values and are not

warranted.

Frequency range

Option N4010A-101 or 102 2.381 to 2.519 GHz (for 22 MHz span)

Center-frequency tuning resolution 1 MHz

Frequency span range < 10 kHz to 22 MHz

Frequency points per span

Calibrated points 51 to 102,401

Displayable points 51 to 131,072

Resolution bandwidth (RBW)

The range of available RBW choices is a function of the selected

frequency span and the number of calculated frequency points.

Users may step through the available range in 1-3-10 sequence

or directly enter an arbitrarily chosen bandwidth.

RBW range < 100 Hz to > 1.68 MHz

RBW shape factor

The window choices below allow you to optimize the RBW shape as

needed for best amplitude accuracy, dynamic range, or response to

transient signal characteristics.

Window Selectivity Passband Rejection

(3:60 dB) flatness

Flat top 0.41 0.01 dB > 95 dBc

Gaussian top 0.25 0.68 dB > 125 dBc

Hanning 0.11 1.5 dB > 31 dBc

Uniform 0.0014 4.0 dB > 13 dBc

Input range 2.37 to 2.53 GHz –70 to +23 dBm

Amplitude accuracy ±0.5 dB

S/N ratio

0 dBm input > 44 dB (22 MHz bandwidth)

> 50 dB (5 MHz bandwidth)

Time and Waveform Time record characteristics

In the 89601A software, measurements are based on

time records (for example, blocks of waveform samples

from which time, frequency and modulation domain data

is derived.) Time records have these characteristics:

Time record length = (number of frequency points – 1)/span,

with RBW mode set to arbitrary, auto-coupled

Time sample resolutions = 1/(k x span)

Where k = 1.28 for time data = zoom

Time capture characteristics

In time capture mode, the 89601A software captures

the incoming waveform in real time (i.e. gap free)

into high speed time capture memory. This data may

then be replayed through the software at full or

reduced speed, saved to mass storage, or transferred

to another software application.

When post-analyzing the captured waveform, users

may adjust measurement span and center frequency

in order to zoom in on specific signals of interest, as

long as the new measurement span lies entirely

within the originally captured span.

Time capture memory size 500 ksamples (complex samples for spans

≤5 MHz; real samples for spans > 5 MHz)

Time capture length versus span 5 ms, 5 MHz < span ≤22 MHz

50 ms, spans ≤5 MHz

Measurement,

Display, and Control

Triggering

Trigger types

Vector signal analyzer Free run, IF magnitude, external TTL

Internal trigger range –65 to +23 dBm for 5 MHz bandwidth

–60 to +23 dBm for 22 MHz bandwidth

Pre-trigger delay range 4.5 ms or time capture length, whichever is shorter

Post-trigger delay range 5.2 ms

Trigger hold-off 20 ns to 0.65 ms

Averaging

Number of averages, maximum > 108

Overlap averaging 0 to 99.99%

Average types

Vector signal analyzer application rms (video), rms (video) exponential, peak hold,

time, time exponential

Time gating

Provides time-selective frequency-domain analysis on

any input or analog demodulated time-domain data.

When gating is enabled, markers appear on the time

data; gate position and length can be set directly.

Independent gate delays can be set for each input

channel. See time specifications for main time length

and time resolution details.

Gate length, maximum Main time length

Gate length, minimum = window shape/(0.3 x freq. span)

where window shape is equal to:

Flat-top window 3.8

Gaussian-top window 2.2

Hanning window 1.5

Uniform window 1.0

Marker functions Peak signal track, frequency counter, band power

Band power markers

Markers can be placed on any time, frequency, or

demodulated trace for direct computation of band

power, rms square root (of power), C/N, or C/No,

computed within the selected portion of the data.

Trace math

Trace math can be used to manipulate data on each

measurement. Applications include user-defined

measurement units, data correction, and normalization.

Operands Measurement data, data register, constants, jω

Operations +, –, x, /, conjugate, magnitude, phase, real,

imaginary, square, square root, FFT, inverse FFT,

windowing, logarithm, exponential, peak value,

reciprocal, phase unwrap, zero

Trace formats Log mag (dB or linear), linear mag, real (I), imag (Q),

wrap phase, unwrap phase, I-Q, constellation,

Q-eye, I-eye, trellis-eye, group delay

Trace layouts 1 to 4 traces on one, two, or four grids

Number of colors User-definable palette

Spectrogram display

Types Color – normal and reversed

Monochrome – normal and reversed

User colormap – 1 total

Adjustable parameters Number of colors

Enhancement (color-amplitude weighting)

Threshold

Trace select When a measurement is paused any trace in the

trace buffer can be selected by trace number. The

marker values and marker functions apply to the

selected trace.

Z-axis value The z-axis value is the time the trace data was

acquired relative to the start of the measurement.

The z-axis value of the selected trace is displayed

as part of the marker readout.

Memory Displays occupy memory at a rate of 128 traces/MB

(for traces of 401 frequency points)

Software Interface

The 89601A software appears to

other Windows® software as an

ActiveX® object. Implemented

according to the industry-standard

Component Object Model COM), the

software exposes a rich object model

of properties, events, and methods,

as fully described in the 89601A

documentation.

Software development environments

that are capable of interacting with

COM objects include Agilent VEE,

Microsoft® Visual Basic®, Microsoft

Visual C++®, MATLAB®, National

Instruments® LabVIEW, and others.

In addition, many end-user applica-

tions are able to interact directly

with COM objects using built-in

macro languages such as Visual

Basic for Applications VBA). For

example, in Microsoft Excel®, a VBA

macro could be used to set up the

instrument, collect the measurement

data, and automatically graph the

results.

Macro language

The 89601A’s built-in Visual Basic script interpreter allows many

types of measurement and analysis tasks to be easily automated.

Scripts may be developed using any text editor, or may be recorded

automatically from a sequence of menu selections. Completed

scripts may be named and integrated onto the analyzer’s toolbar,

allowing them to be launched with a single button press.

Remote displays

To operate the 89601A/N4010A combination or view its displays

from a remote location, the use of commercially-available remote

PC software such as Microsoft NetMeeting®or Symantec

pcAnywhere®is recommended.

Remote programming

Beginning with Microsoft Windows NT®4.0, COM objects on

one PC are accessible from software running on another PC.

This capability, known as Distributed COM (DCOM), makes

the 89600 object model fully programmable from any other

PC having network connectivity to the N4010A’s host PC.

File formats

For storage and recall of measured or captured waveforms,

spectra, and other measurement results:

ASCII Tab-delimited (.txt), comma-delimited (.csv)

Binary Agilent standard data format (.sdf, .cap, .dat)

Binary Agilent E3238 time snapshot (.cap) and time

recording (.cap) files under 2 Gsa in size.

No additional calibration.

MATLAB 5 MAT-file (.mat)

Source

In source mode the 89601A software can control a signal

generator via GPIB or LAN. Control is provided via the

VSA GUI. Frequency and level control of CW signals is

provided. Arbitrary signals may be downloaded from the

time capture memory to the signal generator for replay.

The same time record may be played over and over

contiguously. A window function can be applied to

smooth start-up and finish of replay.

Compatible sources ESG-D or ESG-DP (firmware version B.03.50 or

later), with the Option E44xxA-UND internal dual

arbitrary waveform generator (firmware version

1.2.92 or later). E4438C with internal baseband

generator Option E4438C-001 or E4438C-002.

E8267C vector signal generator with Option

E8267C-002 internal baseband generator.

Signal types CW (fixed frequency sinewave)

Arbitrary

Frequency range Determined by signal generator

Level range –136 to 20 dBm in 0.02 dBm steps

For all other specifications see the technical

data sheet for the signal generator used.

Vector Modulation Analysis

(Option 89601A-AYA)

Note that analysis and presets are

only valid over the frequency range

of the N4010A-101/102.

Signal acquisition

Note: Signal acquisition does not require

an external carrier or symbol clock

Data block length Adjustable to 4096 symbols

Samples per symbol 1 – 20

Symbol clock Internally generated

Carrier lock Internally locked

Triggering Single/continuous, external, pulse search

(searches data block for beginning of TDMA burst

and performs analysis over selected burst length)

Data synchronization User-selected synchronization words

Supported modulation formats

Carrier types Continuous and pulsed/burst (such as TDMA)

Modulation formats 2, 4, 8, and 16 level FSK (including GFSK)

MSK (including GMSK)

QAM implementation of BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK,

DQPSK, D8PSK, π/4DQPSK, 8PSK, 3π8PSK (EDGE)

16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, 256QAM

(absolute encoding)

16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM

(differential encoding per DVB standard)

8VSB, 16VSB

Single-button presses for

Cellular CDMA (base), CDMA (mobile), CDPD, EDGE, GSM,

NADC, PDC, PHP (PHS), W-CDMA

Wireless networking Bluetooth, HIPERLAN/1 (HBR), HIPERLAN/1 (LBR),

802.11b

Digital video DTV8, DTV16, DVB16, DVB32, DVB64

Other APCO 25, DECT, TETRA, VDL mode 3

Filtering

Filter types Raised cosine, square-root raised cosine, IS-95

compatible, Gaussian, EDGE, low pass, rectangular,

none

Filter length 40 symbols: VSB, QAM, and DVB-QAM where

α< 0.2

User selectable alpha/BT Continuously adjustable from 0.05 to 10

User-defined filters User-defined impulse response,

fixed 20 points/symbol

Maximum 20 symbols in length or 401 points

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